Pruning method of towel gourd in greenhouse
Control the lateral vines and strengthen the main vines. Remove all the lateral vines and keep only the main vines.
Leave 1 male flower every 3 ~ 4 knots, and remove all the remaining male flowers and tendrils in time. It is best to pick the buds of male flowers and remove them when the tendrils are exposed.
Artificial pollination. In the early growth stage of loofah, due to less male flowers or low temperature, there are often few fruit sets, small fruits and poor quality. The fruit stalk can be coated with 2,4-0 dipped flowers with a concentration of 30 mg/kg or 50 times of high-efficiency Zuoguoling, which can significantly improve the fruit setting rate. When there are a certain number of male flowers, artificial pollination is used. The method is as follows: from 6: 30 to 9: 00 every morning, the newly opened male flowers are picked, the petals are peeled off, and the pollen is gently coated on the open female flowers. Each male flower can give 3 to 4 female flowers, which can increase the yield by more than 30%.
Remove the old leaves. In the middle and late July, all the old leaves and diseased leaves that have lost their function for more than 2 months are removed to facilitate ventilation and light transmission and the growth of stems and vines at the tip. Regeneration by cutting vines: after picking 5 ~ 6 batches of loofah, the plant vigor began to decline and the market price dropped, and cutting vines was newer in this period. Generally in late June to early July. Shouguang experience, the best time is from June 25th to July 5th.
The recipe is as follows: according to the growth strength of melon vines, the main vine is cut off at the node position of10 ~18 of melon vines, and a lateral vine is cultivated to become the main vine; Cutting vines, cutting off old leaves, fertilizing and irrigating, and weeding in intertillage. After 20 days, the vines of Luffa resumed to grow and began to bear melons, showing a strong growth trend. The regenerated silk melons and fruits were large, tender and sweet, and were well received by the market, with firm prices and remarkable benefits. According to statistics, the relative fruiting period of the newer loofah is prolonged by more than 1 month, and the yield per mu is increased by1500 ~ 2,000 kg, and the output value is increased by1500 ~ 3,000 yuan.
Method for plan loofah in greenhouse
1 seedling raising
In order to get high yield and high efficiency of any vegetable, the most important thing is seedling management, and cultivating short and stout seedlings without diseases and pests is the first step.
1. 1 seed selection
Luffa should choose varieties with cold resistance, green skin, white meat and good hardness. When reserving seeds, remove diseased and weak seeds, dry them in the sun and store them in a ventilated and cool place for later use. The general seed preparation amount is 600g/667m2.
1.2 seedling raising
Nutrient soil preparation In order to cultivate strong seedlings, nutrient soil is the key. It not only needs nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements needed for the growth of Luffa, but also requires soil with loose structure, good ventilation, water retention and heat preservation. Gymnastics exercise: take 6 parts of soil (to be sieved), 2 parts of decomposed organic matter, 5 parts of pig manure or chicken manure 1.5, 0.5 part of quicklime, add water to make its water content reach 60%, mix well, pile it up and press it tightly with agricultural film, and keep it stuffy for 2 months.
Seed treatment and germination: Take out the seeds retained in the previous year, conduct secondary seed selection, and eliminate diseased and shriveled grains. The selected seeds should be turned over for 2-3 hours after 9 am on sunny days. Before soaking the seeds, the seeds should be treated with hot water. First, the seeds should be immersed in cold water, and then stirred with hot water at 80 ~ 90℃. When the water temperature rises to 53℃, the stirring should be stopped, and the surface mucus of the seeds should be gently rubbed off by hands. Do not use metal or oily containers when soaking seeds. The soaking water temperature should be kept at 28 ~ 30℃, the soaking time should be 8 ~12 hours, and the water should be changed 2 ~ 3 times during soaking. The most suitable temperature for accelerating germination of loofah is 25 ~ 30℃. Under normal circumstances, the soaked seeds are packed in clean cloth bags, wrapped with a film, and punched with a needle to facilitate ventilation. Put them in an indoor air conditioner and keep the temperature at 23 ~ 28℃ to accelerate germination. It takes about 5 days to accelerate germination, and the seeds should be washed with warm water at 25℃ 1 time every day. After 3 days,
The sowing time of towel gourd in seedling greenhouse is in the middle of 1 month. Choose 50-hole seedling tray to raise seedlings. When raising seedlings, fill 2/3 of the seedling soil with enough water, make three seedbeds with width of 1.2m in a greenhouse with width of 8m, disinfect with 600 times of 50% carbendazim, sow 1 seed in each hole, and cover the seedling soil. It should be noted that the soil should not be covered too much, and each acupoint on the surface can be distinguished, so as to prevent the topsoil from connecting together and prevent the root system from stringing holes. Spray 50% carbendazim with 600 times solution to wet the topsoil for disinfection, cover with plastic film, then frame the small and middle arch sheds and cover with plastic film. The unearthed temperature of the seedlings is 20 ~ 30℃, and the seedlings are all in about 7 days.
2 seedling management
Remove the plastic film in time after full seedling, replenish water at 10 in the morning, and spray 72.2% Pulik water agent 400 times to prevent and control damping-off and damping-off disease. When the seedlings grow into a real leaf, remove the small shed, control the temperature at 20 ~ 25℃ and the relative humidity at 60%, and timely prevent and control gray mold and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum once every 7 days.
When the seedlings show three real leaves, it is necessary to control the temperature and humidity to prevent the seedlings from growing vigorously, and to remove the shed in time and temper the seedlings before planting. Under normal circumstances, the seedling tray should be moved 7 days before transplanting, so that the roots in the tray can multiply, and at the same time, the temperature difference between day and night should be widened to adapt to the temperature after planting. At this time, the management of fertilizer and water and the prevention and control of pests and diseases should be strengthened.
3 colonization
The planting time of loofah in greenhouse is in late February and early March. Before planting, the land should be well cultivated and fertilized. 667m2 of basic fertilizer, organic fertilizer 1000kg, potassium sulfate 50kg, calcium superphosphate 150kg, various trace element mixture 25kg, quicklime 150kg and compound fertilizer 50kg. After spreading base fertilizer, deep ploughing and leveling, a shed with ridging width of 1m, furrow width of 30cm, depth of 30cm and width of 8m will be constructed, with 6 ridges in each shed, 2 rows in each ridge, plant spacing of 30cm, and 3000 plants in 667m2. When planting, each point should be disinfected and prevented with carbendazim or virus powder mixed with soil. Planting seedlings should not be too deep. After planting, the original root surface and ridge surface should be flush, and sufficient root water should be poured.
4 Field management
4. 1 Disease control
When loofah is planted in greenhouse, the temperature is high, the relative humidity is high, and the ventilation performance is poor. All kinds of diseases are more frequent than those planted in the open air, so it is necessary to prevent them regularly.
4.2 pest control
Compared with open-air planting, the harm of pests in greenhouse is very small. We can use biological control and closed management to achieve the effect of pest control, so that the produced loofah is harmless to human body, thus achieving the requirements of pollution-free. Specific methods: 1) yellow board for greenhouses 1 piece every 1 100m2, and apply engine oil1time every half month; Or 2) Use dry traps every 150m2, change the decoys every month 1 time, and hang them evenly in the shed. In addition, the air outlet should be covered with insect-proof net, and the shed door should be closed at ordinary times to achieve the purpose of isolating insects. If possible, yellow boards 1 piece or dry traps 1 piece can be hung outside the shed every 5 sheds. This can have the effect of controlling insects without using chemical pesticides.
4.3 Plant arrangement
The technical requirements for the production and management of loofah are very strict. The following is a brief introduction to the operation method of my plant finishing. Luffa grows vigorously, so it is necessary to prepare for finishing in time after planting. First, pull 12 No.22 steel wires at a height of 2m in the greenhouse with steel wires, and pull 14 steel wires to fix 12 No.22 steel wires at a speed of 5m under 12 steel wires. When the towel gourd grows 15 real leaves, it should be sorted in time. After leaving two fork heads with melon buds at the top, remove the growth point at the top and all the other fork heads and male flower branches, and hang them with ropes after sorting. After 3 days, when there are 3 true leaves, melon buds and sub-fork growth points in the second spare fork, leave 1 good spare fork, and remove the top growth point and another fork. In this way, finishing the melons again and again can keep the melons with uniform strips and similar sizes.
4.4 point flowers and leave melons
If you want to occupy the market, you must produce fine products. When selling fresh loofah, it is necessary to use scientific methods to prepare hormones suitable for the growth of loofah to make flowers, so that bloom will not thank, and flowers will still remain on the picked melons. In addition, when dipping flowers, you must dip 2 melons per plant, and leave 1 plant after forming.
According to the above production method, the annual output of 667m2 loofah can reach about 18000kg, thus increasing production and increasing efficiency. The advantages of planting loofah in greenhouse are: 1) Greenhouse has the function of heat preservation, which can grow all year round once, thus reducing the cost. 2) Annual growth can supply the market all the year round, thus increasing economic benefits. 3) The pruning technology can save fertilizer and reduce the cost. 4) Using biological control and closed management, pesticide residues are greatly reduced to achieve the requirements of pollution-free. 5) Using flower dipping technology can keep the freshness of towel gourd, occupy the market, increase the sales volume and raise the sales price so as to achieve synergy.
Picking technique of loofah
Picking is an important work in the management of loofah, which is directly related to the output of loofah. Usually, when the main vine of loofah has 13- 15 leaves and the plant height is about 160 cm, the melon is left and the core is removed, and then 1 melon is left every 3 leaves. In general, this is feasible, but it is not suitable for luffa which grows weakly after planting.
Loofah with weak growth is easy to appear after picking 3-4 melons according to the usual method? Empty melon? Phenomenon, and after these 3-4 melons are harvested, the stems and vines become thin, which is not conducive to the normal sitting of loofah. Therefore, for the loofah with weak growth, it is better to pluck the heart and raise the vines early in the empty seedling period, so that the stems and vines are strong, and the continuous fruiting ability of the loofah can be enhanced to prevent it from appearing. Empty melon? Phenomenon. The author suggests that when the main vine of Luffa has 1 1- 12 leaves and the nutrition grows vigorously, it is suggested that the traditional practice of pinching after leaving the melon should be broken, so as to consciously promote the development of the vine. At this time, after coring, the lateral branches germinate slowly, and the stems and vines are strong because of sufficient nutrient accumulation. After the lateral branches germinate, you can start to leave melons. Leave 1 melon every 2 leaves, and it will not appear again? Empty melon? Phenomenon.
In the production of loofah, the traditional method of coring is to leave the melon for coring when the main vine has 13- 15 leaves, and then leave the melon for coring. Using this coring method, generally, after harvesting 3-4 loofahs, there will be thin stems and poor nutritional growth. Some vegetable farmers use it? Empty trees and vines? Methods to ensure the balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth; Some vegetable farmers keep a melon every five leaves to raise vines. However, these two methods are not desirable, because neither method can make the loofah fruit continuously in the fruit-bearing period, which leads to the decrease of loofah yield.
A vegetable farmer changed the method of picking the heart of loofah, picked the heart in advance, picked the heart first and then left the melon, and achieved high yield. He began to hang the vine when the main vine had 7-8 leaves, and began to pick the heart when the main vine had 1 1- 12 leaves and the vegetative growth was relatively strong. At this time, the sprouting speed of the lateral branches is slowed down, and the main vine is strong due to sufficient nutrient accumulation. After the lateral branches germinate, melons can be left. At this time, one melon can be left on every two leaves, so that the loofah will not have the phenomenon of empty trees and stubble breakage, and the output of loofah will naturally be high.
Method for timely harvesting loofah
Timely harvesting of tender melons: Timely harvesting of tender melons can not only maintain the quality of commercial tender melons, but also prevent them from melting, increase the number of melons and increase the yield.
This is because: loofah mainly eats tender melons. If it is not harvested after the expiration date, the fruits are easy to fibrosis, the seeds become hard, and the melons are bitter and inedible. In the process of continuing to grow and mature, big melons compete with young melons newly sitting on the same plant for nutrients, which causes young melons to melt due to lack of nutrition, aggravates the phenomenon of intermittent fruiting and reduces the yield of commercial young melons. Timely harvesting of tender melons can avoid melon melting. Therefore, it is necessary to harvest commercial tender melons in time. It usually takes10 ~12 days for Luffa to pollinate female flowers and harvest young melons. If the temperature and moisture are insufficient, it is often easy to lose tenderness or get old, so it is appropriate to harvest early; The temperature is suitable and the water and fertilizer are sufficient, so the harvest can be postponed appropriately. The standard of harvesting can be determined according to the changes of fruit size, color, fuzz and peel at the fruit stalk. The fruit stalk is smooth and slightly discolored, the fuzz is reduced, and the peel feels soft but not smooth, which is the suitable harvest period. Commercial melons for long-distance transportation should be picked tender in advance. Luffa has strong continuous fruiting, and the fruit grows and develops rapidly at full fruit stage, so it can be harvested every1~ 2 days. The specific time for picking loofah should be in the morning, and the fruit handle should be cut with scissors. Luffa has tender skin and soft meat, which is easy to be bruised, crushed and broken. It must be put down gently when harvesting, and it should not be squeezed when packing, so as to ensure the product quality.
Prevention and treatment of magnesium deficiency in towel gourd in greenhouse
Symptoms: the leaves appear yellowing between veins, and gradually spread throughout the whole leaf. The main leaves and veins may turn pale brown or white, and the lateral leaves and veins turn yellow, and may turn pale brown quickly.
Cause of disease: The content of magnesium in the soil itself is low. Too much potassium and nitrogen fertilizer hindered the absorption of magnesium by plants, especially in greenhouse cultivation. The harvest is large, but not enough magnesium fertilizer is applied.
Prevention and control measures: If the soil is diagnosed with magnesium deficiency, sufficient magnesium-containing fertilizer should be applied before cultivation. Avoid applying excessive potassium, nitrogen and other fertilizers at one time that hinder the absorption of magnesium. Foliage can be sprayed with1%~ 2% magnesium sulfate aqueous solution.