Synthetic pigments include carmine, amaranth, lemon yellow, sunset yellow, indigo, brilliant blue and so on.
Amaranth red. Amaranth red is also called acid red, Yang Meihong, cockscomb red, blue light acid red, etc. It is purple-red to dark red powder, odorless and easily soluble in water. 0.0 1% aqueous solution is reddish purple, soluble in glycerol and propylene glycol, slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in oil, and easily decomposed by bacteria. It is stable to light, heat and salt, acid resistance, citric acid and tartaric acid, etc., and turns dark red in alkaline solution. Because it is sensitive to oxidation-reduction, it is not suitable for fermented food. Amaranth red pigment is suitable for fruity water, fruity powder, sherbet, soda, mixed wine, concentrated juice, etc. The maximum dosage is 0.05g/kg. If it is mixed with other pigments, it should be converted according to the maximum usage ratio. Generally, it is dissolved in water before being added into the ingredients and mixed evenly.
Carmine. Carmine is red to dark red particles or powder, odorless, and turns red after being dissolved in water. It is soluble in glycerol, slightly soluble in ethanol, and insoluble in oil and fat. It is stable to light and alkali, but poor in thermal stability and reduction resistance, and poor in bacterial resistance. It turns brown when it meets alkali, and can dissolve 23g in 100 ml water at 20℃. It is widely used in the preparation of wine, sherbet and fruit juice. Due to poor light resistance, the finished products such as soda and fruit juice are easy to fade in the sun for too long. The maximum dosage is 0.05g/kg.
Lemon yellow. Lemon yellow is also called tartar yellow, acid yellow and hydrazine yellow. Lemon yellow is orange granules or powder with good heat resistance, acid resistance, light resistance and salt resistance. It is stable to citric acid and tartaric acid, turns red when it meets alkali, and turns brown when it is reduced. The maximum dosage in beverage is 0. 1 gram.
Sunset yellow. Sunset yellow is also called sunset yellow, orange yellow and sunset yellow. Sunset yellow is orange-red particles or powder, odorless, soluble in water and glycerol, insoluble in ethanol and oil, and its solubility in water is 6.9% at 0℃. It has strong light resistance and heat resistance, is stable in citric acid and tartaric acid, turns brown or brownish red when it meets alkali, and is brown when it is reduced. It can be used alone or mixed with other pigments. The maximum dosage is 0. 1 g kg.
2. Natural pigments
Grape peel pigment. The main component of grape peel pigment is mallow glucoside, which is usually extracted from grape peel for wine making with sulfurous acid solution. The sulfurous acid content in the extract is 5x10-4-1x10-3. The pH value can affect the change of color tone, and the more acidic it is, the brighter the red color is. It is stable in acidic environment and relatively unstable to light and heat. When it is used in drinks, it is added in advance to enhance the color, which can prevent the quality from decreasing to some extent.
Roselle pigment. Roselle is an annual erect herb of Hibiscus originated in Africa and widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Roselle calyx is purplish red, its pigment is anthocyanins, and its water extract is pectin-removed, showing a unique acid? Taste, can also be used as a natural sour agent. The nature of pigment is similar to that of grape peel pigment, and it is easy to brown when used as beverage coloring, if it is stored for a long time.