Xianghai Nature Reserve is located in Tongyu County, western Jilin Province, with an area of about 105467 hectares. There are 3 rivers, 22 lakes, hundreds of swamps and a large area of swamps. 253 species of birds have been found in the reserve; More than 30 species of mammals; 8 species of amphibians and reptiles; More than 30 kinds of fish; More than 600 kinds of wild plants. There are 6 kinds of cranes in this area, 3 of which breed here; Oriental storks nest and breed in this area. Crane, stork and Mongolian elm are the main protected objects in this reserve.
Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve is located in Qiongshan County, Hainan Province, with an area of 5,400 hectares. Its main protection targets are estuaries, estuaries, coastal mudflats and wintering bird habitats on the northern tropical edge, which are dominated by mangroves. There are 26 species of mangrove plants in Dongzhai Port, and 40 species of semi-mangrove and associated mangrove plants, accounting for 90% of the national mangrove plants. There are 159 species of birds inhabiting this area, of which 35 species are listed in the Sino-Australian Migratory Birds Protection Agreement (list * *, 8 1 species) and 75 species are listed in the Sino-Japanese Migratory Birds Protection Agreement. Dongzhai Port is an important stop for many international migratory waterfowl, and it is also an important link connecting birds of different biota.
Qinghai Bird Island Nature Reserve is located in the west of Qinghai Lake, Qinghai Province, with an altitude of 3,200 meters and an area of about 53,600 hectares. There are 62 species of birds/kloc-0 in Qinghai Lake and its surrounding areas, among which waterfowl is the main species, including about 9,000 fish gulls, nearly 5,000 cormorants, 0,2/kloc-0,000 spotted geese and 2/kloc-0,300 brown gulls. In addition, there are nearly 20 species of waterfowl in this area, with a number of more than 70,000. This area is the habitat and breeding ground of black-necked cranes. In spring, about 20 black-necked cranes live here, and a few participate in breeding. In winter, there are big swans wintering here, and the largest number reaches more than 1540. In addition, there are a large number of breeding populations of snipes and some raptors in this area.
5. Hunan East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve is located in Yueyang City in the northeast of Hunan Province, with a total area of about190,000 hectares. There are 23 families 159 families 186 species of vascular plants, 4 species of fish1kloc-0/4 species of birds1family 158 species, among which 32 species are under special state protection. East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve is an important wintering place for migratory birds, with about100000 migratory birds wintering here every year.
Poyang Lake Nature Reserve is located in Yongxiu County, northern Jiangxi Province, with an area of about 22,400 hectares. Influenced by the Hexiu water system and Ganjiang water system, the water in the nature reserve falls off the floodplain in the dry season, forming the floodplain of Cao Zhou and nine independent lakes. During the rainy season, nine lakes meet to form the Wang Yang of Poyang Lake. This area is an important wintering ground for waterfowl migration. There are nearly 250 species of birds in nature reserves, including waterfowl 108 species. The main waterfowl are cranes, storks, swans and many kinds of geese and ducks. There are 122 species of fish in the lake, including many economic fish. According to the observation of 1998 in winter, there are nearly 65,438+million wintering migratory birds, including more than 500 white cranes 1000, more than 2,000 cygnets, more than 2,000 white spoonbills and more than 30,000 geese and ducks.
Mai Po and Deep Bay Wetland are located in the northwest of Hong Kong, with a total area of 65,438+0,540 hectares. There are three main types of wetlands: fish/shrimp ponds, intertidal beaches (including salt water beaches) and mangrove intertidal beaches. There are about 0/90 species of higher plants/kloc-in humid areas, 40 species of fish and 280 species of birds. The main protected objects are birds and their habitats. From 65438 to 0997, Hong Kong returned to the motherland, and Mai Po-Deep Bay became the seventh internationally important wetland in China.
Second batch
Shanghai Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve is located in Chongming Dongtan at the eastern end of Chongming Island, a low alluvial island, with an area of 32,600 hectares. Under the siltation of the Yangtze River, a large area of swamps, tidal gullies and intertidal beaches from fresh water to brackish water have been formed. There are many farmland, fish ponds, crab ponds and reed ponds in this area, and the swamp vegetation is lush and the benthos are rich. It is an excellent post and station for migratory birds in the Asia-Pacific region in spring and autumn, and it is also an important wintering place for migratory birds.
Dalian National Nature Reserve is located near Changxing Island in Fuzhou Bay, 20 kilometers northwest of Dalian, Liaoning Province, with an area of 1 1.700 hectares. The seabed along the coast of the reserve is steep and steep, and the bedrock water depth is mostly 5-40 meters. The main protected species is spotted seal, which is listed as a national second-class protected aquatic animal.
Dafeng Elk Nature Reserve is located in the southeast of Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province, with an area of 78,000 hectares. As a typical coastal wetland, the main wetland types include beaches, seasonal rivers and some constructed wetlands, as well as a large number of woodland, reed marshes, salt bare land and forest and grass beaches. There are more than 1000 milu deer released from Britain in the nature reserve, which are rich in species and have significant ecological, social and economic values.
4. Dalai Lake Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia is located in Xinbaerhuyou Banner of Hulunbeier League in the northeast of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with an area of 740,000 hectares. Dalai Lake, also known as Hulun Lake, is the fifth lake in China and the largest lake in Inner Mongolia. Wetland is a wetland ecosystem with lakes, rivers, swamps, shrubs and Tang Wei as the main components, which is formed by Dalai Lake water system. It has the typical characteristics of wetlands in arid grassland areas: it has good primitiveness and naturalness. Its function is to provide material basis for animal husbandry, fishery, urban water supply and tourism; It provides a good habitat for many birds.
Guangdong Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve covers an area of 20,279 hectares. This wetland is the southernmost and largest coastal mangrove wetland in Chinese mainland. According to the preliminary investigation, there are 24 species of mangrove plants and 82 species of birds in the shallow sea, which are rich in biological resources. After the low tide, a large area of bare beach is exposed, which provides excellent foraging and habitat for waterfowl.
Heilongjiang Honghe Nature Reserve is located in Tongjiang City, eastern Heilongjiang Province, with an area of 2 1.836 hectares. It belongs to the inland wetland and aquatic ecosystem nature reserve, and the main protection objects are the wetland ecosystem composed of aquatic, hygrophytic and terrestrial organisms and their habitats. This area is an important stopover for migratory birds in Northeast Asia, and also an important breeding ground for key protected birds in China, such as oriental stork, black stork, red-crowned crane, swan, white-naped crane and mandarin duck.
Guangdong Huidong Ganggui National Nature Reserve covers an area of 400 hectares. Located at the junction of Daya Bay and Hongwan in the South China Sea, the seawater and beach environment are of good quality. It has always been the habitat of young and female turtles, the only place where green turtles migrate and spawn in batches in Chinese mainland, and the only turtle nature reserve in China.
⒏ Ordos Seagull Nature Reserve is located in the middle of Ordos City (formerly Dongsheng City) in Inner Mongolia, with an area of 7,680 hectares. It belongs to Eurasian grassland and Asian desert, and belongs to ecologically fragile area. Salix psammophila and willow are the main constructive species of saline-alkali beach, while Achnatherum splendens, Suaeda salsa and willow are the constructive species of saline-alkali beach. Nature reserves insist on protecting the natural environment, saving endangered species, actively carrying out scientific research and popularizing scientific knowledge.
(9) Heilongjiang Sanjiang National Nature Reserve is located in Fuyuan County, Heilongjiang Province, with an area of about164,400 hectares. The area is low-lying and gentle, with criss-crossing rivers, vast floodplain and well-developed swamp vegetation. It belongs to low alluvial plain, a typical inland alpine wetland and water ecosystem. It is rich in biodiversity. There are more than 500 species of higher plants in 95 families in the reserve; National first-class protected animals 1 1 species, and 44 second-class protected animals. The nature reserve retains the unique genetic genes of primitive wild animals in Sanjiang Plain.
⒑ Guangxi Shankou National Mangrove Nature Reserve is located on the east and west sides of Shatian Peninsula in shatian town, Hepu County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, with a total coastline of 50 kilometers, a total area of 4,000 hectares and a forest area of 806 hectares. There are centuries-old Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza communities in this area, which are extremely rare in China. There are also dugong, white dolphin, amphioxus, Chinese horseshoe crab, Pinctada martensii, black-faced spoonbill, black-billed gull and other endangered wild animals.
(1) Hunan South Dongting Lake Wetland and Waterfowl Nature Reserve is located in Yuanjiang City, Hunan Province, with an area of about168,000 hectares. Wetland is located in the south of Dongting Lake, the largest freshwater lake in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. It is rich in biodiversity, and is an important habitat for many waterfowl such as storks and Heihe River, with high yield and great value of economic animals and plants. Wetlands are extremely important for flood storage in the Yangtze River.
Hunan Hanshou West Dongting Lake Nature Reserve covers an area of 35,000 hectares. This wetland is an inseparable and important part of Dongting Lake wetland and a typical representative of subtropical inland wetland. Wetland is rich in biological resources and has important protection and scientific research value.
⒂ Xingkai Lake National Nature Reserve covers an area of 222488 hectares. This nature reserve is the main habitat of many endangered species, an important stopover for migratory birds to migrate north and south, an important part of the Sanjiang Plain wetland in China, and a wetland ecosystem with extremely rich biodiversity.
Jiangsu Yancheng Nature Reserve (Yancheng coastal beach wetland) covers an area of 453,000 hectares. The reserve is located in the Jianghuai Plain, on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. The 582-kilometer coastline and the vast muddy mudflats form the largest mudflat wetland along the coast of China, which breeds a large number of creatures, ensures the migration of millions of waterfowl and meets the wintering safety of endangered species such as red-crowned cranes.
The third batch of editors
1. Shuangtai Estuary Wetland in Liaoning Province is located in the north of Liaodong Bay in Liaoning Province, with an area of about128,000 hectares and an average elevation of 2 meters. It is the largest reed swamp area in high latitudes in China and belongs to estuary wetland. Suaeda beach and shallow sea have a large area, which is the habitat and breeding ground of red-crowned cranes, white cranes, black-billed gulls, geese, ducks, herons and many passerine birds, and also the southernmost limit of the breeding of spotted seals in the world.
2. Yunnan Dashanbao Wetland is located in Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, with an area of 5,958 hectares and an average elevation of 3,200 meters. Belonging to alpine swamp meadow plateau wetland. There are many underground springs, which play an important role in the supply of water resources in the downstream and surrounding areas, and are an important wintering ground for national first-class protection of animal black-necked cranes. 3. Yunnan Bitahai Wetland is located in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, with an area of 1.985 hectares and an average elevation of 3,568 meters. It belongs to a well-preserved closed plateau freshwater lake wetland. It is the habitat of rare fish such as Zhongdian leafbeard fish and Zhongdian heavy-lipped fish. It is also an important stopping place and wintering place for many rare birds, including black-necked cranes. As an important watershed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, it plays an important role in water storage and flood control and water balance adjustment in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
Yunnan Napahai Wetland is located in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, with an area of 3,434 hectares and an average elevation of 3,568 meters. It belongs to karst seasonal reed wetland, which consists of meadows, swamps, water surfaces and forests around lakes. Due to the obvious difference in altitude, a variety of vegetation types have been formed, which is an important wintering habitat for rare and endangered birds such as black-necked cranes. It has natural wet grassland that overflows seasonally, which has an important influence on regional hydrology and climate regulation.
Lashihai Wetland in Yunnan Province is located in Lijiang Naxi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, with an area of 3,560 hectares and an average elevation of 3 100 meters. It belongs to the plateau freshwater lake wetland composed of swamp, water surface and forest around the lake. It is the habitat of national key protected wild animals such as black-necked crane, striped goose and swan. It is a catchment area in Jinsha River basin, and plays an important role in soil and water conservation and flood control, as well as in water balance and water level regulation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
Eren Lake Wetland in Qinghai Province is located in the south-central part of Qinghai Province, with an area of 65,907 hectares and an average elevation of 4,268 meters. It belongs to the plateau freshwater lake swamp wetland. It is the largest freshwater lake in the source area of the Yellow River, and plays an important role in regulating the water quantity at the source of the Yellow River, retaining sediment, purifying water quality, preventing flood and storing water, and regulating climate. There are many rare plateau fish in the lake, which is an important habitat for seagulls, geese and ducks, black-necked cranes and other birds.
Zhaling Lake Wetland in Qinghai Province is located in the south-central part of Qinghai Province, with an area of 64,920 hectares and an average elevation of 4,273 meters. It is the second largest freshwater lake in the source area of the Yellow River and the habitat of many plateau fish and birds. It is rich in water resources and plays an important role in purifying the water quality in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and flood control and water storage.
⒏ Tibet Maidika Wetland is located in Naqu, Tibet, with an area of 43,496 hectares and an average elevation of 4,900 meters. It belongs to plateau lake swamp meadow wetland, is the migration corridor and breeding ground of many rare birds such as black-necked crane and red-necked duck, and is rich in plateau fish, which plays an important role in local soil and water conservation, preventing seasonal floods, intercepting upstream sediments and forming high-yield meadows and swamp wetlands.
Mapang Yongcuo Wetland is located at the junction of China, India and Nepal in Ali, Tibet, with an area of 73,782 hectares and an average elevation of 4,700 meters. It is one of the lakes with the most fresh water in the plateau elevation area on the earth, and it is also the most representative lake wetland in Tibet Plateau. It is the habitat of a large number of waterfowl such as black-necked cranes and striped geese, and it is also one of the main corridors for the migration of rare wild animals such as Tibetan antelopes and wild yaks to the Himalayas in Tibet.
The fourth batch
1. Shanghai Yangtze Estuary Chinese sturgeon Wetland Nature Reserve is located in the Yangtze Estuary of Chongming County, Shanghai, with a total area of 27,600 hectares. It takes Chinese sturgeon and its natural ecological environment as the main protection objects, is the water area where Chinese sturgeon lays eggs and young fish grow, and is also an important channel for other fish to migrate and an important place for feeding and spawning. This is the first internationally important wetland in China Aquatic Wildlife Reserve.
Guangxi Beilun Hekou National Nature Reserve is located in Fangcheng District and dongxing city, Fangchenggang City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, with a total area of 3,000 hectares. There are mangroves growing continuously in a large area in the reserve, including mangrove plants 10 family and 13 species, forming a mangrove community 12 species. The establishment of protected areas is not only of great significance in protecting biodiversity, but also of strategic significance in preventing land loss and protecting the rights and interests of territory and territorial waters.
3. Fujian Zhangjiangkou Mangrove National Nature Reserve is located in Zhangjiangkou, Yunxiao County, with a total area of 2,360 hectares. This is a wetland nature reserve, which mainly protects mangroves and their wild animals. The reserve has a large area of mangroves, which are naturally distributed in the northernmost part of China. It is the most abundant and best-growing mangrove natural community on the north side of the Tropic of Cancer in China.
4. Hubei Honghu Provincial Wetland Nature Reserve is located in the southeast of Hubei Province and Jianghan Lake Group in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. It is the seventh largest freshwater lake in China. The nature reserve covers an area of 37088 hectares. It is a wetland nature reserve with the purpose of protecting lake wetland ecosystem composed of aquatic and terrestrial organisms and their habitats, as well as unpolluted fresh water resources, wetland ecosystem and biodiversity. Especially birds, fish and plants under special state protection.
Guangdong Haifeng Fair Great Lakes Provincial Nature Reserve is located in the southeast coast of Haifeng County, Guangdong Province. It consists of three parts: the Gongping Reservoir Wetland, the Great Lakes Coastal Wetland and the An Wei Beach Wetland in Dongguan, with a total area of 1 1, 59 1 hectare. There are many kinds of wetlands in nature reserves, which provide an excellent ecological environment for waterfowl to feed, inhabit and breed and for migratory birds to overwinter, stay and migrate. Tens of thousands of birds overwinter in nature reserves every year. Among them, the black-faced spoonbill is recognized as an extremely endangered bird in the world.
Sichuan Zoige National Nature Reserve Sichuan Zoige Wetland Nature Reserve is located in ruoergai county, Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, with a total area of 166570.6 hectares. Located in the eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the heart of Zoige swamp, this nature reserve is a typical representative of the alpine wetland ecosystem in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The main protection objects are alpine swamp wetland ecosystem and rare animals such as black-necked cranes. It is of great international significance to protect the alpine wetland ecosystem, study the changes of natural environment, and preserve, multiply and differentiate ancient biological species.
As of February 2, 2008, there are 36 wetlands listed in the list of internationally important wetlands in China, with a total area of 3.8 million hectares, accounting for about 10.4% of the total area of natural wetlands in China.
The fifth batch
On June 3rd, 2009, at the ceremony of the 1st China Wetland Culture Festival and the 3rd Xixi International Wetland Forum in Hangzhou, China, Xixi National Wetland Park in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province was officially awarded by the International Convention on Wetlands. Xixi Wetland has become the first wetland listed in the name of National Wetland Park in the world, and it is also the first wetland listed in China with Tang Yuling topography as the main standard. The area is about 10.08 km2.
Xixi is also a paradise for birds. In Xixi Wetland, we have established ecological protection areas and waterfowl habitats, and Xixi ecology has been gradually restored, reappearing the landscape of birds flying happily. In the resource investigation in 2003, there were 89 species of wetland birds 12 orders, 26 families, such as egrets, sparrows, crested ducks, needle-tailed swifts, plain birds, mountain birds, farmland birds and suburban birds. When the survey was conducted again in 2006, the number of birds had increased to 1 12, exceeding the total number of birds in Hangzhou.
The sixth batch
Heilongjiang Qixinghe National Nature Reserve 1. The middle and lower reaches of Qixing River in the north of Baoqing County are located in the hinterland of Sanjiang Plain in Heilongjiang Province, bordering Fujin and Youyi County, with a distance of 597.40km.. Established in 199 1, it was approved as a national nature reserve in April 2000 and named Qixinghe National Nature Reserve in Baoqing, Heilongjiang. Geographical coordinates are 132 05'- 132 26' east longitude, 46 40'-46 52' north latitude, 30km east-west and 0/0km north-south, with a total area of 20,800 hectares. There are 386 species of plants in the area, accounting for 40% of the total number of plants in Sanjiang Plain, including wild soybean, a national first-class protected plant; There are 287 species of animals and 38 species of national protected animals, accounting for 56.09% of the total number of national protected animals in Sanjiang Plain. The large area and rich flora and fauna of the nature reserve are rare in China and even in Asia. Qixinghe National Nature Reserve is an inland wetland with rivers, lakes, bubbles and swamps all over the region. Looking around, reeds and aquatic plants roll like blue waves, and soaked swamps are scattered everywhere.
2. Nanwenghe National Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang.
Nanwenghe National Nature Reserve was established with the approval of Heilongjiang Provincial Government on 1999, and was promoted with the approval of the State Council in June 2003. Nanwenghe Nature Reserve is a protected area with forest wetland and its biodiversity and the source of Nenjiang River as its protection objects. The nature reserve contains almost all forest plants, wild animals, forest insects and large fungi in the cold temperate coniferous forest area of Daxinganling. The nature reserve is rich in ecosystem diversity, including forest ecosystem, meadow ecosystem, swamp ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem. The focus of protection is the forests, swamps, grasslands and waters and wildlife in this area. The virgin forest wetland ecosystem in the reserve has a complete cold temperate swamp type, including not only virgin forests, swamps, meadows, lakes, streams, rivers, ice and snow, but also typical island forest wetlands. The nature reserve is rich in species, with a total of more than 0/000 species of plants/kloc-,including 6 species at the national level; There are 309 species of animals, including 9 species at the national level, 42 species at the national level and 0/39 species of fish.
3. Heilongjiang Treasure Island National Nature Reserve.
Zhenbaodao Wetland National Nature Reserve is located in Dumu, Heilongjiang Province, downstream of Abuqin River and Qihulin River, west of Wusuli River Farm and Dumuhe Reclamation Area, east of Wusuli River, north of Company Island and south of the estuary of Qihulin River. The total area of the reserve is 44,364 hectares, including 29,275 hectares of wetlands. Zhenbaodao Nature Reserve is rich in natural resources, with 6 kinds of national key protected plants. The wetland of Zhenbaodao Wetland National Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang Province is an important part of the ecological environment system along the Wusuli River, which provides a stopping place for the growth, habitat, reproduction and migration of organisms that depend on the wetland environment. The way to use it is to travel only at present. There are 30 species of national key protected animals in Zhenbaodao Wetland National Nature Reserve, including 6 species of national first-class protected animals and 24 species of second-class protected animals. There are 25/kloc-0 species of birds recorded in this area, accounting for 67.84% of the bird species in Heilongjiang Province. Among them, passeriformes 106 species, accounting for 41.15% of the bird species in this area; Non-passerine birds 145 species, accounting for 58.85% of the bird species in this area. According to the habitat types, there are 0/32 species of summer migratory birds, 9 species of winter migratory birds, 66 species of traveling birds, 39 species of resident birds and occasionally 5 species. According to the floristic characteristics, there are 16 1 species of Palaearctic birds in this area, accounting for 64.14% of the bird species in this area. 7 species of oriental birds, accounting for 2.79%; 83 species are widely distributed, accounting for 33.07%. There are 9 species of national first-class key protected birds, 43 species of national second-class key protected birds, 49 species listed in CITES appendix and 30 species listed in IUCN. Many species are endangered.
4. Gahai Zecha National Nature Reserve in Gansu Province.
Gahai-Zecha National Nature Reserve is located in luqu, Gansu Province, at the intersection of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Loess Plateau and Longnan Mountain, across the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. It is also one of the birthplaces of Taohe River, the largest tributary of the Yellow River, and the birthplace of Bailong River in the Yangtze River system. It is located at 33 58 ′ ~ 34 32 ′ north latitude and 65 438+002 09 ′ ~ 65 438+002 46 ′ east longitude. The total area is 2474.3 1km2, including 394.8km2 of woodland, 0/897km2 of grassland and 0/00km2 of wetland. It is a national nature reserve approved by the State Council 1998. It is a rare wild animal and plant nature reserve in China, which integrates the three functions of forest and wildlife, plateau wetland and plateau meadow. The soil is alpine meadow soil, gray cinnamon soil, dark meadow soil, peat soil and swamp soil, with an altitude of 2,900-4,400 m and a height difference of1500 m. The climate belongs to the humid climate zone of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and it is long in winter and cool in summer, making it an ideal place for summer vacation. It is particularly worth mentioning that Gahai Wetland, located in the southwest of nature reserve, is the only way for bird migration. Every spring and autumn, tens of thousands of migratory birds stop here to breed and enjoy the reputation of "bird paradise".
Seventh batch
Wuhan Caidian Chenhu Wetland Nature Reserve
Shennongjia Dajiuhu National Wetland Park
Wetland in the Yellow River Delta of Shandong Province
Momoge Nature Reserve in Jilin Province
Heilongjiang Dongfanghong Wetland National Nature Reserve