1, vitamin D supplementation to prevent chicken breast in children: After chicken breast is formed, with the growth of age, children take ordinary rice as nutrition, vitamin D is sufficient, calcium salt is deposited on cartilage, cartilage becomes bone, and chicken breast is fixed as the basic framework of metabolism. At this time, chicken breast can no longer be cured by simple medicine and nutrition. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of chicken breast in children must focus on preventing rickets.
2. When treating chicken breast, pay attention to the age of the child and the condition of rickets. Before the age of 3, rickets is often active, and after the age of 3, it enters a stable period. The former mainly treats rickets after the occurrence of chicken breast, while the latter mainly corrects deformity.
(1) Anti-rickets treatment: For children with chicken breast under 3 years old, anti-rickets treatment should be actively given, including diet therapy and vitamin D therapy, and calcium should be supplemented at the same time when necessary.
(2) Corrective treatment of deformity: The children after 3 years old are mostly sequelae, and the treatment with calcium and vitamin D is ineffective. Generally, mild chicken breasts will gradually disappear with physical growth. Strengthening physical exercise, such as chest expansion exercise, push-ups, head-up and other exercises, two or three times a day, can accelerate the correction of deformity.
3. Surgical treatment
(1) At present, the most advanced thoracoscopic assisted pectus excavatum correction in China.
The method is to cut a small incision of 2 cm in the midline of the child's lower chest axil, peel it into the chest cavity with thoracoscope and guide it, and then insert a self-made correction device into the opposite side and turn it over, so as to achieve the purpose of correction. The surgical incision is about 15-20 cm long, and it is necessary to cut off the diseased costal cartilage and make sternal osteotomy. The surgical injury is large and there is much bleeding, and the postoperative pain is obvious and the recovery is slow. No matter what kind of operation, the operation risk of brain injury caused by hypoxia due to cutting off ribs and destroying the integrity of chest, lung infection and atelectasis still exists.
(2) A new operation without thoracotomy for pectus excavatum.
At present, there are doctors who treat pectus excavatum without thoracotomy: only two 2 cm small openings are cut in the child's chest wall, and steel plates are placed behind the patient's sternum after shaping according to the patient's chest, and both ends of the steel plates are supported on the patient's ribs to correct the child's pectus excavatum deformity. The new operation without thoracotomy has the advantages of less injury and less bleeding. The intraoperative steel plate can be shaped according to the degree of thoracic deformity of patients, which is more suitable for individual differences and makes the operation effect better. Postoperative patients have little pain, can get out of bed the next day, and the hospitalization time is short and the hospitalization cost is low, which is a good method for the treatment of funnel chest in modern times.
(3) the age of operation adaptation
Pectus excavatum belongs to congenital skeletal dysplasia, which is not caused by calcium deficiency and malnutrition, and its etiology is not very clear at present.
In the 1970s, the youngest patients of such operations abroad were about 4-5 years old. At present, the best operation age should depend on the hospital conditions and the level of surgeons. Experts believe that according to the characteristics of children's bones, the best time to correct funnel chest is 2-4 years old, and the operation at a young age can not affect children's development. At present,1-3-year-old children do this kind of surgery, and most of the results are very good.