The original text of "The Spring Festival in Beijing" in the second book of the sixth grade language of the Ministry of Education
According to the old rules of Beijing, the Spring Festival begins almost at the beginning of the waxing moon. "Laxi Laxi, freezing cold crows", this is the coldest time of the year. On the day of Laba, every family makes Laba congee. The congee is made from various kinds of rice, various kinds of beans, with various kinds of dried fruits. This is not a congee, but a small agricultural fair.In addition to this, on this day, we have to make Lahai garlic. The garlic cloves are put in vinegar and sealed for the New Year's dumplings. By the end of the year, the garlic soaked as emerald color, vinegar also has some spicy flavor, color and taste double beautiful, so people can not help but eat a few more dumplings.
Children preparing for New Year's Eve, the first big thing is to buy a mixed mix. This is made of peanuts, jujube, hazelnuts, chestnuts and other dried fruits mixed with candied fruit. Children like to eat these bits and pieces. The second big thing is to buy firecrackers, especially for the boys. I'm afraid the third thing is to buy all kinds of things - kites, firecrackers, harmonica and so on.
The kids are busy and the adults are nervous. They have to prepare the food, drink, clothes, and supplies for the New Year, so that the New Year will be a time of renewal.
Lunar New Year's Eve on the 23rd day of the Lunar New Year is almost a "dress rehearsal" for the Spring Festival. As soon as it gets dark, the firecrackers go off, and there is a taste of the New Year. On this day, it is necessary to eat sugar, the street early a lot of maltose and jiangmai candy sellers, sugar shape or rectangular or melon shape, sweet and sticky, children's favorite.
After the 23rd, everyone is more busy, the Spring Festival is coming. Before New Year's Eve, you have to clean up once, which is called sweeping the house. The meat, chicken, fish, vegetables, rice cakes and so on are all prepared, at least enough to eat for a week - according to the old custom, most of the stores are closed for five days, and will not be opened until the sixth day of the first month.
New Year's Eve is a very busy time. The smell of wine and meat was everywhere. Men and women of all ages put on new clothes, red couplets outside the door, the house posted a good colorful New Year's paintings. On New Year's Eve, every house is lit up all night long, without interruption, and the sound of firecrackers continues day and night. People who work outside, unless absolutely necessary, must rush home to eat a reunion dinner. This night, in addition to very small children, there is no one to sleep, all to keep the New Year's Eve.
New Year's Day light and New Year's Eve is very different: New Year's Eve, the streets are crowded with people; New Year's Day, shoppers are on the board, in front of a pile of firecrackers set off last night, the whole city is resting.
The men went to relatives and friends before noon to pay tribute to the New Year. The women received guests in their homes. Many temples inside and outside the city organize temple fairs, and vendors set up stalls outside the temple to sell tea, food and various toys. Children especially love to visit the temple fair for the opportunity to see the wild scenery outside the city, ride donkeys, and buy those New Year's special toys. There are car races and horse races, and in the older age groups, camel races are said to take place. These races are not for who is first and who is second, but in front of the audience to perform mules and horses and riders of the beautiful posture and skill.
Most of the stores opened on the sixth day of the month, and again firecrackers were set off, and from dawn to early morning the sound of cannon was heard throughout the city. Except for the stores selling food and other important daily necessities, people are not very busy, and the fellows in the stores can still take turns to visit temples, walk on the footbridge and listen to the opera.
The Lantern Festival is another high point of the Spring Festival. On the fifteenth day of the first month, lights and colors are put up everywhere, and the whole street looks like a happy event, red and beautiful. Famous old store are to hang out hundreds of lights to, in all shapes and colors, some are all glass, some clear is the horn of the cow, some are yarn lamps, some through the colorful painting of all the "Dream of the Red Chamber" or "Water Margin" story. In those days, it was also a kind of advertisement. Once the lights were up, anyone could enter the store and visit. At night, when the lamps are lit with candles, there are even more visitors.
Children buy all kinds of firecrackers to light, even if they do not run to the street to play, in the home can still play with sound and light. There are also lights at home: horse lanterns, palace lanterns, paper lanterns of various shapes and colors, as well as yarn lanterns, which have small bells, when the time comes to jingle. Everyone must also eat Lanterns on this day! It is indeed a wonderful and happy day.
In the blink of an eye, to the end of the temple, the Spring Festival in the first month of the nineteenth end. Students should go to school, and adults go back to work as usual. The first month of the lunar calendar and the first month of the lunar calendar, in the countryside is the time when everyone is the most idle. After the Festival of Lights, the weather turns warm and everyone goes back to work. Beijing is a city, but it also followed the rural New Year's Eve, and it was very lively.
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The author of this article, Lao She, was changed when the text was selected.
Ministry of the sixth grade next book language "Spring Festival in Beijing" text lesson plan
[Teaching Objectives]1. Recognize 9 vocabulary words and 2 polyphonic characters, and know how to write 8 words. Accumulate words independently.
2. Read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally, understand the customs of the Spring Festival in old Beijing, feel the lively atmosphere of the festival, and appreciate the author's love of Beijing and life.
3. Understand the order of expression of the article, and appreciate the characteristics of the article in detail.
[Teaching Focus]
Understand the customs and habits of old Beijing, and feel the unique charm of the traditional New Year culture.
[Teaching Difficulties]
Taste Lao She's language style, and learn the writing method of sequential, detailed and appropriate.
[Teaching Preparation]
Lessons on nursery rhymes; information on the customs of the Spring Festival in various regions and ethnic groups
[Teaching Hours]
2 hours
[Teaching Procedure]
The first lesson
A. Creating a Situation, Introducing the Topic
1. Can you say one or two things about the Spring Festival in your hometown?
2. Now, we will follow the writer Lao She, to go to the old Beijing to have a Beijing flavor of the Spring Festival, feel the unique folk customs and charm of the year culture.
Second, the first reading of the text, the overall perception
1. Read the text freely, read the words correctly, sentence reading smooth, and mark the natural paragraph number.
2. Ask the students to take turns reading the text according to the natural paragraph, and other students listen and draw the words or sentences that they don't quite understand.
3. Exchange and report, understand the words according to the context.
截然不同：截然，很分明的，断断分开的样子。 It describes two things that are not the same as each other.
Wanxiang Renewal: Wanxiang, all the scenes in the universe. More, change. All things or sights become new.
4. Read the text again, the overall perception: the Spring Festival in Old Beijing left you what impression? (Guiding students to read to say "lively, busy, festive, reunion" and other preliminary feelings.)
Third, read the text, understand the customs
1. Beijing's Spring Festival from which day, to which day to end?
2. Silent reading of the text, group work to fill out the table below, the main examples written in detail.
Time Main examples
Lapa Lapa congee, Lapa garlic
Lapa Lunar New Year's Day, 19th, to buy miscellaneous goods, firecrackers, and contraptions
23rd, to sacrifice to the stove
New Year's Eve, to wear new clothes, to put up couplets and New Year's paintings, to firecrackers all day long and night long, to eat reunion dinner, to offer sacrifices to the ancestors, to keep watch for the new year
New Year's Day, the man goes out to pay homage to New Year's Eve, and the woman stays at home to wait for guests, and to go to temples
New Year's Night, the New Year's Eve, to celebrate New Year's Eve. p>
New Year's Eve, hanging lanterns, firecrackers
3. Exchange the table, the teacher's camera in the form of key words. Discuss with each other if you have different opinions.
4. Observe the above table, do you know the text is written in what order?
4. Read aloud to experience the folklore
1. Fill in the table by reading to find out the most lively and festive days in the Spring Festival. (New Year's Eve and Lantern Festival)
2. Which of the two days of New Year's Eve and Lantern Festival do you prefer, please find out the corresponding paragraphs and try to read out the lively and festive atmosphere.
V. Summary, homework
In this lesson, we learned about the customs of the Spring Festival in Old Beijing, know the order of writing the text, read aloud their favorite passages. In the text there are a lot of new words need to be attentive to figure out, contact the context to remember their sound and meaning. Next class we will have a dictation contest.
The second lesson
I. Dictation
Lunar New Year porridge dumplings Lapa garlic vinegar rice cake temple fair
1. Check the corrections against the text, and evaluate the champion of the dictation.
2. Explain the wrong words.
"porridge" of the word "boiling", the upper left of a vertical can not be linked to the following apostrophe; "vinegar" can not be written on the left side of the word "west". "West".
Second, in-depth fragment, read the text
1. Mr. Lao She is written in what order? What are the main time periods?
Named answer, the teacher camera board: Lahai, Lunar New Year's vacation on the 19th of Lunar New Year's Eve, New Year's Day, New Year's Eve, New Year's Day, New Year's Lantern Festival
2.
① In these five time periods, which time period is the preparation for the New Year scene? (Lahai, the 19th day of the first month of the New Year's holiday)
② Please find the passages in the text that describe people preparing for the New Year. (1-7 natural paragraphs) Which word would you like to use to describe the scene of people preparing for the New Year? (You can use your own words or find out the words "busy and nervous" in the text.)
③ What are the adults busy with? What are the children busy with? How are they feeling? What are they feeling at this time?
④ What is your favorite activity? Please find it and read it.
⑤ Name your favorite activity and read it aloud.
⑥ Connect with the reality of life and say what you do in the period before the Spring Festival.
3. New Year's Eve.
① Exchange: which days are focused on? (New Year's Eve, New Year's Day, New Year's Eve) What are the characteristics? (lively)
② are all the same lively? Silent reading think: New Year's Eve, New Year's Day, Lantern Festival, what are the characteristics of each of these three days? Find the key words and phrases in the text to read over and over again and think about it.
③ exchange their own experience, the teacher camera guide:
New Year's Eve: festive, reunion; New Year's Day: leisurely, happy; Lantern Festival: red, beautiful.
④ read the "New Year's Eve" paragraph, to further appreciate the celebration, reunion.
Catch the key words "rush, everywhere, are dressed up, posted" to feel the New Year's Eve festivities, warm; catch "unless, must" to experience the Spring Festival in people's minds in the position, feel the atmosphere of reunion.
⑤ Read the paragraph "New Year's Day" to further understand the leisure and happiness of New Year's Day.
The focus of the guide to read aloud the place where people "visit the temple fair" to experience the leisure and happiness.
⑥ focus on savoring the atmosphere of the Lantern Festival.
Draw out the sentences describing the lanterns in the text, and guide to read aloud with feeling, to experience the role of the prose. The first thing you need to do is to find a way to make sure that you have a good idea of what you're getting into. What else is there besides lanterns?
Key sentences read: "New Year's Eve is lively, but there is no moonlight; Lantern Festival, it happens to be the moon in the sky. New Year's Day is decent, bright red spring couplets pasted in front of every house, people wearing new clothes, but it is not beautiful enough. On the Lantern Festival, lanterns are hanging everywhere, and the whole street looks like a wedding event, fiery and beautiful." Read aloud with feeling, and experience the red-hot and beautiful of the fifteenth.
Third, summarize the text, understand the writing
1. Summarize the text: from the Lahai to the nineteenth day of the first month, more than a month's time, the text but only recounts the main activities of the five time slots, we sketched out a lively and celebratory, joyful and peaceful Spring Festival. Let's go into the text again, to experience the author's method of expression by heart.
2. Silent reading of the text, independent thinking, and then group discussion:
① What part of the text is written in detail, what part of the writing is abbreviated, what are the benefits of writing?
② read and write the "Lahai" paragraph, think: Lahai many activities, why single write Lahai porridge, Lahai garlic, what is the benefit of this writing? This method of describing the main features of the text there are many, can you give another example?
③ If you let you write about the Spring Festival, how do you plan to write? The first thing you need to do is to write down the main features of the Spring Festival, and then write about them.
Fourth, homework
Read aloud the text, read out the festive atmosphere of the New Year.
Board:
Spring Festival in Beijing
New Year's Eve: festive, reunion
New Year's Day: leisurely, happy
Ministry of the sixth grade, the next book of the language of the "Spring Festival in Beijing" background
The article was written in January 1951 after the liberation of the country, and was published in the first volume of the year's "New Observations" magazine, the second issue.At that time, shortly after the founding of New China, the author had just returned from the United States and wrote I Love the New Beijing, in which he talked about the changes in Beijing in terms of sewage, cleanliness, lights and water. At about the same time, he wrote The Spring Festival in Beijing, which describes the customs and bustling atmosphere of the Spring Festival in Beijing, and at the same time expresses his praise for the new China and the new society.