In 220 A.D., Meng Da, who was at odds with Liu Feng and at the same time feared that Liu Bei would blame him for not rescuing Guan Yu, mutinied and surrendered to Cao Wei. After defecting to Cao Wei, he was reused by Cao Pi, the Emperor of Wei, and attacked the three counties of Shangyong with Xiahou Shang and Xu Huang. Meng Da also wrote a letter to his former friend Liu Feng to persuade him to surrender, which was rejected, so he bribed the brothers Shen Tan and Shen Yi. As a result, Liu Feng was defeated and fled back to Chengdu in distress.

Liu Feng returned to Chengdu and met his ? Liu Bei. Instead of being comforted, Liu Bei received a series of accusations that he had bullied Meng Da, his deputy general, and that he had failed to rescue Guan Yu. The military advisor Zhuge Liang was even more ruthless and advised Liu Bei to take the opportunity to get rid of Liu Feng in order to eliminate future problems. Liu Bei obeyed Zhuge Liang's words, so he disregarded years of ? Liu Bei was so obedient to the words of Zhuge Liang that he disregarded the love between father and son for many years. s love for his son, he gave Liu Feng the opportunity to kill himself. Liu Feng was so sad that he willingly recognized Liu Bei as his? Liu Feng was so sad that he willingly recognized Liu Bei as his "righteous father". Liu Feng was so sad that he willingly recognized Liu Bei as his "righteous father", fighting and sacrificing his life for his righteous father, but the treatment he received was to kill himself. After Liu Feng killed himself, Liu Bei even pretended to cry very sadly.

The relevant account in the "Three Kingdoms? Liu Feng biography" in the relevant records are as follows: Shen Yi rebel Feng, Feng broke away and returned to Chengdu. Feng both to, the first Lord blamed Feng's encroachment da, and do not save the feather. Zhuge Liang was worried about Feng's rigidity, and advised the late lord to get rid of him because he would be difficult to control after the change of world. So he gave Feng a death sentence, so that he could cut himself. Feng sighed:? I hate not using Meng Zidu's words! The late lord shed tears for him.

So why did Zhuge Liang want Liu Bei to kill Liu Feng? What were his true thoughts?

The ostensible reason given by Zhuge Liang, considering that Liu Feng was fierce and courageous, threatened Liu Zen's rule after Liu Bei's death and was difficult to manage, he advised Liu Bei to take this opportunity to get rid of him.

From the surface of the reason, Zhuge Liang is bent on thinking about Shu Han, thinking about Liu Zen, for Liu Zen to get rid of the potential threat Liu Feng. Liu Feng, originally the son of Luo Hou Kou and the nephew of a family surnamed Liu in Changsha County, Jingzhou. After Liu Bei was defeated by Cao Cao at the Battle of Runan, he came to Jingzhou to join Liu Biao. At that time, Liu Bei was nearly half a hundred years old but had no son, and had to consider adopting a righteous son as an heir. He took a liking to Liu Feng and adopted him as his adopted son.

So, Liu Bei was not in the same situation as Cao Cao's three adopted sons, Cao Zhen, Qin Lang, and He Yan, who were adopted according to the standard of an heir, and also had high hopes for Liu Feng.

But after less than a few years, Mrs. Gan gave Liu Bei a biological son, Liu Zen, and that's when Liu Feng was in an awkward position. He went from having the right to inheritance as the ? Shizi? status, he was suddenly demoted to an ordinary righteous son, which no one could accept.

Liu Bei could not bear to get rid of Liu Feng, but Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu and others were worried about this, fearing that after Liu Bei's 100 years, Liu Feng would threaten Liu Zen's throne. Guan Yu had spoken ill of Liu Feng, believing that he was not qualified to inherit Liu Bei's foundation, and Zhuge Liang considered the same thing, taking the opportunity to persuade Liu Bei to get rid of Liu Feng after he lost the three counties of Shangyong.

This is only Zhuge Liang to get rid of Liu Feng's surface reasons, the deep-seated reasons are also Zhuge Liang's real ideas, he did not say out. Then Zhuge Liang persuaded Liu Bei to get rid of Liu Feng's deep-seated reasons (real ideas) in the end is what?

The deep-rooted reason is probably Zhuge Liang's own attempt to get rid of Liu Feng in order to monopolize power.

The first patriarchs of the establishment of Shu Han, who probably influenced Zhuge Liang's hold on power, were probably Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Pang Tong, Fa Zheng and Liu Feng. Guan Yu lost the Battle of Xiangfan in 219 and died in battle, Pang Tong was shot by a flying arrow and unfortunately died in battle when he attacked the city of Luo in 214, Fazheng soon died of illness, and Zhang Fei was a martial artist who was not enough to worry about.

Several others, though not low in status, could not make much of an impact on Zhuge Liang. For example, Ma Chao has just defected to Liu Bei and has not yet gained Liu Bei's full trust, so his status is respected but he has no real power, and the same applies to Xu Jing. Zhao Yun is mainly responsible for Liu Bei's security, not enough to worry about, Huang Zhong is old and will not live long.

Therefore, the only one who could threaten Zhuge Liang's hold on power was Liu Feng. Liu Feng was nominally Liu Bei's godson, counting as half-master of Shu Han. He was also a valiant warrior who had won many battles, and was a good writer and soldier, much better than Liu Bei's own son, Liu Zen.

Some people say that Zhuge Liang is a great loyal minister, did not have the idea of getting rid of Liu Feng for his own selfish interests. There is no denying that Zhuge Liang was a great loyal minister, but at the same time he was a great power minister. Powerful ministers are those who are very possessive of power and hold a great deal of power, almost more power than the emperor. There are also good and bad power ministers, such as Cao Cao, Dong Zhuo and Sima Yi are bad power ministers, while Zhuge Liang is a good power minister.

Geliang Zhuge Liang's great power was mainly to realize his great ambition, in order to revive the Han Dynasty, bowing and dying. He did this by getting rid of another trustee minister, Li Yan, and keeping military power firmly in his hands.

If Liu Feng had lived to a later stage, he would most likely have checked and balanced Zhuge Liang, dividing Zhuge Liang's power. With this in mind, if Zhuge Liang can abolish the stumbling block Li Yan, he can also get rid of Liu Feng.

In 220 A.D., Meng Da was at odds with Liu Feng, and at the same time was afraid that Liu Bei would be blamed for not rescuing Guan Yu, so he rebelled and surrendered to Cao Wei. After defecting to Cao Wei, he was reused by Cao Pi, the Emperor of Wei, and attacked the three counties of Shangyong with Xiahou Shang and Xu Huang. Meng Da also wrote a letter to his former friend Liu Feng to persuade him to surrender, which was rejected, so he bribed the brothers Shen Tan and Shen Yi. As a result, Liu Feng was defeated and fled back to Chengdu in distress.

Liu Feng returned to Chengdu and met his ? Liu Bei. Instead of being comforted, Liu Bei received a series of accusations that he had bullied Meng Da, his deputy general, and that he had failed to rescue Guan Yu. The military advisor Zhuge Liang was even more ruthless and advised Liu Bei to take the opportunity to get rid of Liu Feng in order to eliminate future problems. Liu Bei obeyed Zhuge Liang's words, so he disregarded years of ? Liu Bei was so obedient to the words of Zhuge Liang that he disregarded the love between father and son for many years. s love for his son, he gave Liu Feng the opportunity to kill himself. Liu Feng was so sad that he willingly recognized Liu Bei as his? Liu Feng was so sad that he willingly recognized Liu Bei as his "righteous father". Liu Feng was so sad that he willingly recognized Liu Bei as his "righteous father", fighting and sacrificing his life for his righteous father, but the treatment he received was to kill himself. After Liu Feng killed himself, Liu Bei even pretended to cry very sadly.

The relevant account in the "Three Kingdoms? Liu Feng biography" in the relevant records are as follows: Shen Yi rebel Feng, Feng broke away and returned to Chengdu. Feng both to, the first Lord blamed Feng's encroachment da, and do not save the feather. Zhuge Liang was worried about Feng's rigidity, and advised the late lord to get rid of him because he would be difficult to control after the change of world. So he gave Feng a death sentence, so that he could cut himself. Feng sighed:? I hate not using Meng Zidu's words! The late lord shed tears for him.

So why did Zhuge Liang want Liu Bei to kill Liu Feng? What were his true thoughts?

The ostensible reason given by Zhuge Liang, considering that Liu Feng was fierce and courageous, threatened Liu Zen's rule after Liu Bei's death and was difficult to manage, he advised Liu Bei to take this opportunity to get rid of him.

From the surface of the reason, Zhuge Liang is bent on thinking about Shu Han, thinking about Liu Zen, for Liu Zen to get rid of the potential threat Liu Feng. Liu Feng, originally the son of Luo Hou Kou and the nephew of a family surnamed Liu in Changsha County, Jingzhou. After Liu Bei was defeated by Cao Cao at the Battle of Runan, he came to Jingzhou to join Liu Biao. At that time, Liu Bei was nearly half a hundred years old but had no son, and had to consider adopting a righteous son as an heir. He took a liking to Liu Feng and adopted him as his adopted son.

So, Liu Bei was not in the same situation as Cao Cao's three adopted sons, Cao Zhen, Qin Lang, and He Yan, who were adopted according to the standard of an heir, and also had high hopes for Liu Feng.

But after less than a few years, Mrs. Gan gave Liu Bei a biological son, Liu Zen, and that's when Liu Feng was in an awkward position. He went from having the right to inheritance as the ? Shizi? status, he was suddenly demoted to an ordinary righteous son, which no one could accept.

Liu Bei could not bear to get rid of Liu Feng, but Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu and others were worried about this, fearing that after Liu Bei's 100 years, Liu Feng would threaten Liu Zen's throne. Guan Yu had spoken ill of Liu Feng, believing that he was not qualified to inherit Liu Bei's foundation, and Zhuge Liang considered the same thing, taking the opportunity to persuade Liu Bei to get rid of Liu Feng after he lost the three counties of Shangyong.

This is only Zhuge Liang to get rid of Liu Feng's surface reasons, the deep-seated reasons are also Zhuge Liang's real ideas, he did not say out. Then Zhuge Liang persuaded Liu Bei to get rid of Liu Feng's deep-seated reasons (real ideas) in the end is what?

The deep-rooted reason is probably Zhuge Liang's own attempt to get rid of Liu Feng in order to monopolize power.

The first patriarchs of the establishment of Shu Han, who probably influenced Zhuge Liang's hold on power, were probably Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Pang Tong, Fa Zheng and Liu Feng. Guan Yu lost the Battle of Xiangfan in 219 and died in battle, Pang Tong was shot by a flying arrow and unfortunately died in battle when he attacked the city of Luo in 214, Fazheng soon died of illness, and Zhang Fei was a martial artist who was not enough to worry about.

Several others, though not low in status, could not make much of an impact on Zhuge Liang. For example, Ma Chao has just defected to Liu Bei and has not yet gained Liu Bei's full trust, so his status is respected but he has no real power, and the same applies to Xu Jing. Zhao Yun is mainly responsible for Liu Bei's security, not enough to worry about, Huang Zhong is old and will not live long.

Therefore, the only one who could threaten Zhuge Liang's hold on power was Liu Feng. Liu Feng was nominally Liu Bei's godson, counting as half-master of Shu Han. He was also a valiant warrior who had won many battles, and was a good scholar and soldier, much better than Liu Bei's own son, Liu Zen.

Some people say that Zhuge Liang is a great loyal minister, did not have the idea of getting rid of Liu Feng for his own self-interest. There is no denying that Zhuge Liang was a great loyal minister, but at the same time he was a great power minister. A powerful minister is a minister who is very possessive of power and holds a great deal of power, almost more power than the emperor. There are also good and bad power ministers, such as Cao Cao, Dong Zhuo and Sima Yi are bad power ministers, while Zhuge Liang is a good power minister.

Geliang Zhuge Liang's great power was mainly to realize his great ambition, in order to revive the Han Dynasty, bowing and dying. He did this by getting rid of another trustee minister, Li Yan, and keeping military power firmly in his hands.

If Liu Feng had lived to a later stage, he would most likely have checked and balanced Zhuge Liang and split his power. With this in mind, if Zhuge Liang can abolish the stumbling block Li Yan, he can also get rid of Liu Feng.

It is said that the most famous section of the comedy GuanKou "report the name of the dishes", originally about the full Manchu banquet? There are steamed lamb, steamed bear's paw, steamed deer tail, roasted duck, roasted chick, roasted goose, brined pig, brined duck, soy sauce chicken, bacon, pine flower belly, drying meat sausage, assorted Su Pan, smoked chicken, white belly, steaming eight treasures of the pig, duck stuffed with glutinous rice, pots of pheasants

The question then comes, what is the Manchu Manchu Manchu banquet in the end a seat?

One of the social basis for the formation of Manchu-Han feasts

In the beginning, the Manchu feast is in fact very simple, open field, paved with animal skins, and meals on the ground, a little bit of three or five young people now go on a picnic meaning. The Manchu archives have recorded: ? Beilei set up a banquet, not yet set up a table, are sitting on the ground.

Even if the emperor hosted a banquet, but also a dozen tables, we use the knife to solve cattle, sheep, pigs and other beasts of meat.

Waiting until the Manchu banquet culture has developed, has been the Qing army after the entry of things. At this time, the Qing cuisine in the original Manchu dietary culture, based on the characteristics of the Central Plains dishes, developed into a special Qing Palace cuisine.

Tianmai seven years, Nurhachu issued an edict, ? Manchurian and Han Chinese and other cohabitation, living with the same food and farming. If the Manchurians are deceived by the Han Chinese so against this Oracle, the Han Chinese can be twisted to sue the law enforcement officials; and the Han Chinese are not allowed to descend this Oracle arbitrary lies to the Manchurians, because they are the same as the people of the emperor of the ear.

These policies make the atmosphere of civil interaction between Manchuria and China generally tend to be friendly, and provide a good basis for the dissemination of food customs and production technology between Manchuria and China, which provides a good start for the interchange of food culture between Manchuria and China.

The prototype of the Manchu-Chinese banquet, dating back to the Qing Dynasty after the entry of the Qing Dynasty, when the Qing Dynasty modeled on the Han system, the establishment of a special body in charge of food and drink, so that the Qing Dynasty Palace cuisine gradually developed, when the light of the temple held a variety of banquets, there has been a difference between the Manchu banquet and the Han banquet.

From the "Kuanglu Temple Rules" records, full of six seats, including a full of first-class table with silver eight two, often used after the death of the emperor with the feast. Fourth-class seats with silver four two four money per table, mainly for New Year's Day and other large festivals banquet. Sixth-class table with silver two taels and two cents per table, mainly used for giving banquets. Han seat is divided into one, two, three and on the seat and the seat in five categories, mainly used for the civil and military exams out of the curtain banquets and other scenes.

The prototype of the Manchu-Han banquet is so.

Second, the cause of the Manchu-Han banquet

The formation of the Manchu-Han banquet can be traced back to the period of Qianlong, which is quite good with Qianlong's own desire to have a lot to do with the mouth, can be found in some of the history of Qianlong had been looking around the record of food.

For example, in the book "Xiaoting Ren Lu? The rich people of this dynasty" has a record? Huairou Hao, rich in ten thousand hectares, pure temple (Qianlong) tasted his home in bi bi, into the top of the land and water treasures wrong more than a hundred items, the princes and near servants and carriages lift slaves, all for food, a day's meal, the cost of more than one hundred thousand.

Additionally, when Qianlong inspected various places, the local officials greeted him with a very luxurious preparation.

Li Dou's "Yangzhou Boat Record", there is the earliest record of the full Manchu banquet food list,? On the buy and sell street before and after the temple, all for the big kitchen, in order to prepare the six divisions of the hundred officials food times: the first, the first five gui bowl ten pieces? Bird's nest chicken soup, sea cucumber sink pig tendon, fresh razor clams and radish soup, kelp and pork belly soup, abalone sink pearl vegetables, tamarind and shrimp soup, shark's fin and crab soup, mushrooms simmered chicken, windlass hammer, fish maw simmered ham, sharkskin and chicken soup, blood powder soup, a grade of soup and rice bowls; the fifth sub Ocean dish twenty pieces? Hot food and wine twenty flavors, twenty small dishes, withered fruit ten Che table, fresh fruit ten Che table. The so-called? The so-called "Man Han Seat". The first is to make sure that you have a good understanding of what you are doing and how you are doing it.

This is the first about? The first of its kind is the Manhan banquet, which is the first of its kind to be held in the city.

This is the earliest clear record of a full Manchu banquet.

In the Qianlong period, due to the cause of the downward spiral, the big manipulation can be said to be very common, then out of etiquette considerations, often full of officials feast Han, organized Han feast, Han feast full of officials, organized full of feast. People talked about, thought? Forgetting our roots? The move. Thus, the officials at the time will be full of feasts and Han feasts combined, said the Manchu and Han are not divided. This banquet trend spread to the people, and it became a full Manchu-Han banquet.

All in all, the form of the Manchu-Han banquet was roughly molded in the Qianlong period, and was closely related to the trend of official banquets.

Three, the style of Manchu-Han banquet

1. Mongolia pro-fan banquet

The so-called Mongolia pro-fan banquet, refers to the Qing emperor in order to entertain the marriage with the Manchu royal family of Mongolian nobles set up a kind of imperial banquet, generally opened in the Hall of Light, the time for the first month of the fifteenth every year, and by the Manchu first and second grade officers, and at the same time, this is the first banquet in the Manchu-Han banquet. In order to show the closeness, and even the food on the banquet are overly close,? Year class Mongolian princes and other Beijing, value awarded food, must be carried to go, said with the blessing to return home. If there is no utensils, then outside the coat pocket, flat gold embroidered python, often soup stained need, dripping, nothing to spare? The first of the twenty-four categories of dishes, for the feast.

2. court ministers feast

The so-called court ministers feast, refers to the emperor used to recognize and bring together the ministers in the outstanding ability of a kind of court ministers feast is held every year on the first day after the first yuan, that is, the first month of the sixteenth day of the month, the participants for the emperor's pro-point of the University of the Nine Secretary of the meritorious among the participants, of course, the princes and princesses of Mongolia are willing to, but also can be participated in together, * * * there are eighteen kinds of dishes, materials from the sky to the ground, from the water to the water to the water to the water. Material from the sky to the ground, from the water to the land, everything, everything.

3. 10,000 birthday banquet

The so-called 10,000 birthday, there are two ways of saying, one is said to participate in the age of more than a hundred old people, the sum of which is long live, so it is called? The first is said to refer to the age of more than a hundred old people, the sum of which is long live, so it is called? , the other is said to be held at the time of the banquet is the emperor and empress of the time of the birth of the emperor and empress, long live the birthday, so it is a banquet of ten thousand lifetimes.

Then, the consort princes, civil and military officials will come to participate in, it is said, Cixi 60 years of age of the Wanshou Banquet, the cost of silver twelve million two.

4. Thousand old man feast

Thousand old man feast, should be a higher visibility of a royal, this, began in Kangxi, flourished in Qianlong, where sixty years five, can participate in a thousand old man feast, to enjoy the feeling of the Royal Banquet, the Kangxi first organized by a thousand old man feast, its participants were as high as several thousand, almost all of them are the oldest old man, and in the society at that time, it is very much a wave of respect for old people and filial piety. The first time I saw this, it was the first time I saw it.