Feeding technology of native chicken
1, Choose a suitable site: The local chicken breeding should choose a place with the leeward facing the sun, flat terrain, high dryness, convenient water intake, far away from the village, convenient transportation, small crown and sparse fruit trees. Avoid densely populated chicken farms along the river, and the distance between farms is not less than 200 meters. Make use of the advantages of natural barriers in mountainous areas, and advocate a mountain to cover a field.
2. Disinfection of the site: the new site, the nursery room is sprayed with 5- 10% lime water or1:600 chlorpyrifos,1:kloc-0/200 disinfectant and 2% caustic soda, etc.; On the basis of the above methods, the old site is cleaned and washed. For more exciting contents, please pay attention to Fumu. com, use potassium permanganate14g/m2 and formaldehyde 28ml/m2 for closed fumigation and disinfection 1-2 days (put the drinking fountains, buckets and other appliances into disinfection together), and then turn on the ventilation 1-2.
3, temperature requirements: temperature is the key to the success of brooding. Before the chicks enter, the temperature should be adjusted half a day in advance. Generally, the temperature in the brood house should be controlled at 0- 1 week-old 32-33℃, and then it should be reduced by 1-2℃ every week, and the temperature can not be removed until 4 weeks old. There are two ways to observe whether the temperature is suitable: one is to look at the thermometer, and the other is to look at the situation of the chickens. When the chickens get together, close to the heat source and keep singing, it indicates that the temperature is low; When the chickens are far away from the heat source, distributed around, and don't stop breathing, it indicates that the temperature is high; When the chickens are evenly distributed, freely moving and relatively quiet, it shows that the temperature is more suitable.
4. Choose high-quality chicken seedlings: The quality of chicken seedlings plays a decisive role in the success of raising chickens. At present, small and medium-sized late-speed chickens such as Jiangcunhuang, Sanhuang Chicken, Guangxi Ma Chicken, Zhejiang Dahuang, Gushi Chicken, Xianju Chicken and Fujian Green Chicken are more suitable for outdoor breeding in our city because of their low environmental requirements, wide adaptability, strong disease resistance, large activity and excellent meat quality. It is necessary to choose chickens with pure varieties and strong physique. Generally, chicks with lively flocks, strong calls, big heads, bulging eyes, strong struggles, clean bodies, uniform individuals and consistent coat color are high-quality chicks.
5, boiling water as soon as possible: the first time a chick drinks water, it is called boiling water. When the chick arrives, send it to the nursery as soon as possible (especially in winter) to let it drink freely. For chicks after long-distance transportation or hot weather, add 0.9% glucose saline and quick supplement to drinking water; Add 0.0 1-0.02% potassium permanganate to drinking water at close range. Boiling water should be early, so that more than 80% of chicks can drink the first saliva at the same time; For those who are slow to respond and squat, they should be manually set up, or clap their hands to stimulate drinking water. Water should be supplied all day.
6, timely cutting: the first feeding for chicks is cutting. The cutting time should be delayed appropriately, and the most suitable time should be 24-36 hours after the chicken is hatched. It can also be determined according to the health status of chicks and the external temperature. Generally, it is better when 85% of chicks have appetite. Cutting the material too early will easily lead to the malabsorption of yolk and become a stiff chicken, which will lead to the disadvantages of low brooding rate and poor uniformity. It is best to choose a compound feed with small granularity and easy digestion when cutting. Feed should be sprinkled on nylon cloth or dough basket to make chicks easy to eat, and should be added as little as possible to stimulate chicks' appetite and reduce feed waste.
7. Appropriate feeding density: The feeding density of native chickens can be slightly higher than that of fast-growing chickens. Generally, it is controlled at 35 chickens per square meter within one week, and then it will be reduced by about 5 chickens per week until the temperature of four weeks is lowered.
8. Do a good job in immunization: the local chicken has a long feeding period, and its immunization should be different from that of the fast-growing chicken raised indoors. It is mainly necessary to do a good job:
8. 1, choose high-quality vaccine. Because of the long feeding period of native chicken and the threat of epidemic disease, when farmers buy vaccines, they must check the validity period, batch, manufacturer and production date of the vaccines, and stop using them if they find broken bottles, deliquescence, invalidation or impurities. You should go to the store designated by the agricultural department to buy it.
8.2, the vaccine should be used in sufficient quantities. Other aspects of local chicken breeding can be saved, but the vaccine can't be deducted and should be used in full. The methods are as follows: in the early stage, the immunization amount of drinking water should be doubled (that is, 1000 chickens, using 2000 feather vaccines), and the dosage of intravenous immunization should be 1- 1.5 times; The amount of 1.5-2 times in the later period is appropriate.
8.3, reasonable immunization program. 4-5 days old H 120 vaccine, 8- 10 day old II vaccine or L vaccine, 13- 15 day old bursal disease vaccine and avian influenza vaccine, 25-26 day old bursal disease vaccine, 28-30 day old I vaccine and avian flu vaccine. If the feeding period exceeds 100 days, it is recommended to inject the I vaccine once at the age of 60-65 days.
8.4, take the correct immunization method. In the early stage, chickens are easy to be caught because of their small size and little activity. Therefore, we should advocate the immunization by nose drop, eye drop or mouth drop, and adopt the injection method in the later stage, which can ensure that only chickens are immunized in place, and the immunization effect is indeed effective, and prevent the disadvantages of drinking too much and drinking too little, or even not drinking enough, resulting in immune dead corners.
9. Prevention and treatment of major diseases in the brooding stage
9. 1, white dysentery. The disease mainly occurred within 7 days old, characterized by white feces sticking to the anus of chicks, and was prevented and treated with enrofloxacin, phoretic acid, dijunjing, oxytetracycline and other drugs.
9.2, mold disease. It usually occurs within half a month of age, and is characterized by dyspnea, dehydration and emaciation, and mold nodules in lung airbags can be seen at autopsy. Prevention and control should put an end to moldy feed, reduce the humidity in the house, change the padding frequently, and can be treated with nystatin.
9.3. Coccidiosis. It is characterized by decreased appetite, increased drinking water, bloody stools in the field, and bloody stools around the anus of a few chickens. At necropsy, the cecum and small intestine are thickened, containing blood thins, and bleeding spots can be seen in the intestinal mucosa. Treatment with penicillin, sulfonamides and coccidiosis, combined with reducing humidity and feeding density in the house, has achieved good results.
10, key points of late feeding management
In the later stage, the feed can be gradually changed from batch to single corn (23 18, -5.00, -0.22%) and rice, and granular feed can be used in good conditions. Generally, feed after 10 in the morning, 1 time after 3 pm, and add it again before going to sleep. Water was not stopped throughout the feeding period. Regular observation, found abnormal spirit, appetite, feces, should take measures as soon as possible. It is necessary to eliminate sick and dead chickens in time to prevent animals such as rats, eagles, snakes and weasels.
10. 1, proper feeding time. Improper feeding period of chicken directly affects the meat flavor and breeding benefit of chicken. The feeding period is too short, the meat is too tender and the flavor is poor, which affects the sales and price; If the feeding period is too long, the feed reward will decrease, the risk will increase, and it will easily lead to the waste of resources such as labor and venues, increase the feeding cost and worsen the benefits. Generally, the weight reaches 1.2- 1.5 kg, and it can be listed in more than 80 days. Parents can also make reasonable arrangements according to market conditions.
10.2, moderate feeding scale. The benefit of raising native chickens is related to the moderate scale of raising. Under the current conditions in our city, it is generally appropriate to use a positive labor force of 1500~2000 per batch. Avoid super-scale contiguous farming. Do not exceed 5000 if the conditions are good. I would rather put it in more places and breed it separately. This is conducive to feeding management, epidemic prevention and treatment, reducing risks, increasing benefits and steady development.
10.3, reasonable rotational grazing time. If a chicken farm is kept for too long, the site will be polluted and bacteria will increase, which will pose a great threat to the health of chickens and affect the survival rate. Moreover, it is easy to peck out the grass roots, roots and barks in the field, causing land hardening and environmental pollution, affecting the growth of fruit trees; Time is too short, investment is repeated, cost increases, resulting in waste and affecting benefits. Generally, a two-year round can avoid the above disadvantages.
10.4, correctly handle the relationship between pest control and grazing. In general, there are few pests in orchard chickens, but when it is necessary to control pests, first choose pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue, and spray them on the ground as little as possible, even if chickens eat insects, the possibility of poisoning is small; Secondly, choose sunny days to treat insects, and the liquid medicine drops into the ground less. It is best to stagger pest control and grazing time, and try to make chickens less exposed to drugs, just in case.
Matters needing attention in chicken breeding management
Spring: prevent sudden changes in temperature, which gradually rises in spring, but the weather changes rapidly in spring, so we should always pay attention to the weather changes to prevent sudden changes in weather from affecting production performance and even inducing diseases; To ensure nutrition, spring is a green season. In order to ensure the steady increase of egg production rate, we should first ensure adequate and high-quality feed, properly supplement a certain amount of green vegetables, and supplement certain vitamins and trace elements in the feed to ensure the quality of eggs. The determination of grazing time, the changeable weather in early spring, poor vegetation conditions, unsuitable for grazing, should be adopted in captivity, grazing can be started after mid-April, and adjusted in time according to the temperature, rain and grass growth; Do a good job in disease prevention, regular disinfection and epidemic prevention.
Summer: The adaptability of chickens to high temperature is very poor, so in summer, we should first do a good job of heatstroke prevention and cooling, and artificially build such facilities for chickens to rest in places where there is no tree shade; To ensure water supply, the special function of water supply in summer is to prevent heatstroke and cool down, maintain the metabolic balance and health of the body, and add rehydration salt to the water to resist thermal stress when necessary; Timely rectify some phenomena of nesting or even stopping production, take certain measures to prevent the reduction of production performance, and timely eliminate and treat chickens with little feeding value; Artificial feeding should be carried out in the morning and evening when it is cool, and adjustments should be made according to the forage intake of chickens to ensure nutrition; Pay attention to feed, drinking water and environmental sanitation, control the breeding of mosquitoes and flies, remove parasites in the body regularly, and ensure the health of chickens; Pick eggs in time. Eggs in summer are easy to be polluted, especially those outside the nest. If you don't pay attention, you will be soaked in rain and it is difficult to guarantee the quality. Therefore, you should find and collect eggs outside the nest in time. Pay special attention to the weather changes. In case of rain, strong wind and other weather, it is not allowed to be stocked, but should be artificially fed in the henhouse to prevent losses caused by bad weather; Do a good job in guarding against the enemy, avoiding the enemy and guarding against theft. You can raise one or two geese in the flock to play an alarm role.
Autumn: control mosquitoes and prevent chicken pox, which is a highly contagious infectious disease of chickens and is most likely to be prevalent in autumn, and should be prevented or treated according to the requirements of veterinarians; Prevent other diseases, remove chicken manure and dead chickens with viruses in time, and do a good job of disinfection; Increase artificial light supplement to make up the daily light of 16 hours to ensure the egg laying rate; Prevent sudden changes in weather, unstable temperature and continuous autumn rain, which bring many difficulties to the breeding and disease prevention of free chickens, and should be prevented in advance; Increase the amount of artificial feed in time. Due to the decrease of forage and natural food, the corresponding artificial feed should be increased.
Winter: keep the house warm. Because the outside temperature is too low in winter, there is nothing to feed under the grassland, so it needs to be kept indoors artificially. The heat preservation of the chicken house will be strengthened to increase the light. If conditions permit, temporary sheds will be built to increase the activity area. Increasing the nutrition supply, the lack of nutrition in winter feed will easily lead to the decline of laying performance of chickens. Supplementing green and juicy feed (such as alfalfa powder) in the feed can ensure that the quality of eggs will not drop too much when stocking is impossible; The daily light should not be less than 15 hours; Strengthen ventilation to prevent respiratory diseases; Pay attention to prevent animal harm.
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