It is most suitable to drink 200-300ml of milk every day.
Is milk not only uncomfortable for some people with gastrointestinal dysfunction, but also good for ordinary people? How many milliliters of milk should I drink every day?
According to Zou Shurong, generally speaking, drink 200-300 ml of milk every day. According to the data, the annual per capita milk consumption in the world is about 100 kg, which can reach 300 kg in Europe and America, while China is far below the world average. In 2002, the annual per capita milk intake of Shanghainese ranked second in China, but only 34.5 kg. Therefore, there is no problem of drinking too much in China at present. For some people, if the stomach is slightly uncomfortable, they can drink it several times a day, a small number of times.
When to drink milk is more scientific, which has been controversial. In fact, when to drink milk is not a matter of principle, and both methods can be used in the morning and at night. If you drink it for breakfast, don't drink it on an empty stomach. You should eat a proper amount of cereal (such as steamed bread, bread, biscuits, etc.) at the same time. On the one hand, it makes full use of the nutritional value of high-quality protein milk, and supplements the shortage of lysine in cereal, while ensuring sufficient energy supply; On the other hand, solid food can increase the residence time of milk in gastrointestinal tract, which is more conducive to the digestion and absorption of milk.
Drinking a glass of milk before going to bed can also supplement nutrition, and milk contains a substance that is easy to make people tired-L tryptophan, which has a calming effect on the human body, can promote sleep, deepen sleep depth, ensure adequate rest, and is beneficial to study and work the next day, especially for people with neurasthenia and poor sleep. But you should not drink too much at night. If you drink too much, you will often get up at night, which will affect the quality of sleep.
When to drink milk can be arranged according to each person's situation, and there is no need to make mandatory regulations. If conditions permit, it is not necessary to take it several times.
Who should not drink milk?
Nowadays, many people regard milk as a nutritional supplement, but some people have symptoms of gastrointestinal discomfort after drinking milk. So who is suitable for drinking milk and who is not?
According to Zou Shurong, milk is a kind of food with rich nutrition and high edible value, and is known as "white blood". Milk is rich in high-quality protein, and its essential amino acids are suitable for human use. Milk contains vitamins A, B 1, B2, etc. It is also the main and best source of calcium in the diet. As we all know, when breastfeeding is not available, milk is the best food for infants, and its good nutritional composition plays an irreplaceable role for infants in growth and development. Milk also has a good health care effect on the health of adults, especially the elderly. Milk can reduce the absorption of toxic metals such as aluminum and cadmium in food and has a slight detoxification effect. There is a bioactive substance SOD in milk, which can remove harmful substances in the body, enhance immunity and have anti-aging effect ... In short, there are still many nutritional values and health care functions of milk, and children, adults and the elderly should be encouraged to drink milk every day.
Milk is suitable for all people, but some people will have uncomfortable gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea and flatulence after drinking it. This is because the carbohydrate in milk is mainly lactose, which can be decomposed into glucose and galactose by the action of lactase in small intestine after entering our body. If some people lack lactase, lactose cannot be decomposed. When lactose enters the colon, it will be fermented by bacteria to produce short-chain organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid and gases such as methane, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Although most of the products can be reabsorbed by the colon, those that are not absorbed can cause bowel sounds, abdominal pain, flatulence and diarrhea. These symptoms are called "lactose intolerance". For these people, you can avoid these symptoms by drinking a small amount of milk or yogurt many times. In addition, people who are allergic to milk and some patients with diseases who are advised not to drink milk are not suitable for drinking milk.
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Several common misunderstandings in drinking milk
Milk drink is milk.
Some people regard milk drinks, lactic acid drinks and lactic acid bacteria drinks as milk. Actually, strictly speaking, these milk drinks are not dairy products. Their main raw materials are water and milk. Water, sugar or sweetener, fruit juice, essence, organic acid, etc. are added to them. Their nutritional value is lower than that of milk, and their protein content is about one third of that of milk. But because of its diverse tastes, children and teenagers prefer to drink it. Therefore, people should pay attention to the nutritional content of their products when drinking milk. It is very likely that you are not drinking milk, but a milk drink.
It is not advisable to drink milk in summer.
Some people think that the temperature is high in summer, and milk is hot, so it is easy for people to get angry after drinking milk in summer, but it is not. In traditional Chinese medicine, milk is sweet in taste, flat in nature, has the functions of moistening lung and stomach, relaxing bowels, invigorating qi and nourishing blood, and basically does not cause dryness and heat. Milk contains a lot of water. After drinking it, people can supplement water and nutrition, so drinking milk in summer is beneficial.
Milk should be sweetened.
Some people like to drink milk with sugar. We say that it is ok to drink milk with sugar, but it is best not to add it at high temperature, because sugar will react with lysine in milk at high temperature and produce a new substance-fructosyl amino acid, which is not absorbed by human body, but harmful to human health. The correct way is to add sugar when the milk is cold, or add it after the milk is boiled and cooled to room temperature. In addition, don't add too much sugar, and the proportion of 5%-8% is more appropriate.
The advantages of 1 1 using milk every day.
1 There will be potassium in milk, which can keep the arterial blood area stable when blood pressure is high, and reduce the risk of stroke by half.
It can prevent the human body from absorbing toxic metals and cadmium in food.
Yogurt and skim milk can enhance immune function and prevent tumor cells from growing.
Tyrosine in milk can promote the growth of serotonin, a happy hormone.
Iodine, zinc and neighboring substances in milk can greatly improve the working efficiency of the brain.
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Iron, copper and vitamin A in milk have cosmetic effects, making skin smooth and plump.
Milk is rich in calcium, which can strengthen bones and teeth, and reduce bone atrophy by half. Drinking one liter of milk every day can make up 80% of the daily calcium needs, and drinking milk often does not need to supplement calcium.
Magnesium in milk makes the heart and nervous system resistant to fatigue.
Zinc in milk can promote the wound to heal faster.
10 Vitamin B2 in milk can improve eyesight.
1 1 Drinking milk often can prevent arteriosclerosis.
Clear up the wrong understanding of milk
1.The more fragrant the milk, the better: Wrong. Milk smells like milk when it is heated, while cold milk smells like milk.
2. The thicker the milk, the better: Wrong. The consistency of milk can directly reflect the quality of milk. If you think that the thicker the milk, the better, you can add thickener, stabilizer or milk powder, but this is not pure fresh milk.
3. Bulk milk is good: wrong. Because we don't know the health status of cattle, experts suggest that it is best not to drink bulk milk.
4. Milk is delicious when heated: Wrong. If you want to drink hot milk, you can soak it in hot water (without boiling water). Milk should not be cooked at high temperature for a long time, nor should it be frozen.
5 drink more milk to get fat: wrong. If everyone drinks 500 ml of milk every day, it can provide about 140 kcal for human body, while normal people need about 3000 kcal, so drinking milk will not cause obesity.
6 imported dairy products are good: wrong. Domestic goods are better than imported goods. Pay attention to the production date and quality guarantee date when purchasing.
7 Milk can be drunk as water: Wrong. Water is very important to the human body. In order to keep the balance in the body, it must be supplemented from the diet. Both drinks and milk contain a lot of water, but the same as hypertonic drinks, drinking too much, especially when sweating and losing too much water, will easily lead to dehydration. Therefore, milk can't be drunk as water.
Coffee with milk is harmful to health.
Drinking pure coffee in moderation (no more than two cups a day) is good for the heart and brain. Milk rich in calcium is a good drink to strengthen bones. However, drinking coffee and milk together for a long time will cause damage to the liver, because this mixing will produce an unstable and difficult-to-digest emulsion. French people drink the most coffee and milk in the world, but the number of people suffering from hepatitis among them is not more than that in other countries. It turns out that there is a trick: pour coffee into milk, not milk into coffee, and it is best to use skim milk. This will prevent the milk from going bad in your stomach.
Which is better, fresh milk or long-acting milk?
At present, there are various kinds of milk sold in the market. In fact, there are only two types of milk: one is fresh milk and the other is long-lasting milk. From the processing technology, fresh milk is pasteurized and long-lasting milk is sterilized at ultra-high temperature. The main difference between them is that pasteurization is an advanced method for fresh milk processing at present, which can not only preserve the nutrients in fresh milk, but also kill harmful bacteria in milk, making the processed milk delicious and pure; Although ultra-high temperature sterilization can also kill harmful bacteria in milk, it also destroys the nutrients in milk, and its nutrients are not as good as fresh milk.
From the consumption point of view, the United States, Japan and other developed countries in Europe and Asia sell almost all fresh milk in the market. Therefore, fresh milk is also the inevitable trend of milk consumption in the future.
Distinguish pure milk from milk-containing drinks
There are all kinds of milk drinks in the market, such as pure milk, fresh milk, yogurt, flavored milk and milk-containing drinks. In fact, these milk drinks can be divided into pure milk and milk-containing drinks according to different ingredients.
Pure milk is also called fresh milk. There is only one ingredient in this product, namely fresh milk. There are two main indicators to distinguish the quality of pure milk: total dry matter (also called whole milk solids) and protein. The higher their content, the higher the nutritional value of milk. In addition, yogurt, which is popular with consumers, is fermented with pure milk, so yogurt is also pure milk.
Milk-containing drinks can be seen from the ingredient list that besides fresh milk, there are generally water, sweeteners, fruity agents, etc., and water often ranks first (the state requires that all ingredients in the ingredient list should be listed in order from high to low). National standards require that the milk content in milk-containing drinks should not be lower than 30%. That is to say, the water content should not be higher than 70%. Because milk-containing drinks are not made of pure milk, their nutritional value cannot be compared with pure milk.
Formula
Formula milk powder is prepared to overcome the defects of ordinary milk powder. Compared with ordinary milk powder, it removes part of casein and increases whey protein; Removing most saturated fatty acids and adding vegetable oil to increase unsaturated fatty acids; Adding lactose to make the sugar content close to human milk; Reduce mineral content to reduce the burden on infants' kidneys; Add trace elements, vitamins, certain amino acids or other ingredients to make it closer to human milk ingredients.
First, an empty stomach is not allowed:
1, it is not good to drink milk on an empty stomach! Because water accounts for a large proportion in milk, drinking more milk on an empty stomach dilutes gastric juice, which is not conducive to the digestion and absorption of food. In addition, on an empty stomach, intestinal peristalsis is very fast, milk passes through the gastrointestinal tract very quickly, and its retention time is very short. Its nutrients are often too late to be absorbed, so it enters the large intestine in a hurry and goes through the motions. Therefore, drinking milk on an empty stomach is not in line with nutrition and hygiene. The ideal breakfast should be protein, a high-calorie meal, and the quantity should not be less than the whole day? . Therefore, it is best to drink milk during a nap or before going to bed late, which can eliminate disadvantages and promote benefits and better play its role. If you are used to drinking milk at breakfast, you must also eat some other food before drinking milk, so that milk can stay in the gastrointestinal tract for more time. If you want to drink a bottle of milk for breakfast, you can eat 50 grams of rice or pasta first, then add an egg and a little pickles and dried tofu, and then drink milk, so that milk can be mixed with other foods in the stomach and stay in the gastrointestinal tract for a long time, which is beneficial to the digestion and absorption of its nutrients. Because the food provides enough calories, digestion and absorption are slow and sufficient, so that blood sugar continues to be at a high level, and you will be full of energy in the morning.
Milk can be heated, but not boiled. Because after boiling, some vitamins will be destroyed, and calcium in milk will form calcium phosphate precipitation, which will affect the absorption of nutrients by the human body. Boiling milk also has a certain knowledge. Most people will add milk to white sugar and cook it with fire. This will make lysine in milk react with sugar at high temperature to generate fructosyl lysine, which will not be digested and absorbed by human body, but will be harmful to human health. Therefore, boiling milk should wait until the milk is not hot.
2. Experts remind the public not to drink milk on an empty stomach. According to reports, many people drink milk in the morning, thinking that it can completely absorb nutrients. In fact, drinking milk on an empty stomach will soon be discharged into the large intestine through the stomach and small intestine, and as a result, various nutrients will be discharged from the body before digestion and absorption. The correct way should be to eat some food before drinking milk. Excessive gastric acid leads to protein's degeneration and precipitation, and nutrients are not easily absorbed by the stomach, which seriously leads to indigestion and diarrhea. Therefore, some bread, biscuits and snacks should be served with milk. It can be seen that the main reasons for not drinking milk on an empty stomach are: First, it is easy to cause diarrhea; Second, the absorption efficiency is not high. Because the time through the gastrointestinal tract is too fast. Try to put milk at the end of a meal before drinking, which is beneficial to absorption and tolerance.
Second, before going to bed, you can:
Drinking milk before going to bed is beneficial to the body's absorption and utilization of calcium. Most of the calcium ingested at dinner is absorbed and utilized by the human body before going to bed. After sleep, especially after midnight, the level of calcium in blood will gradually decrease, and the decrease of blood calcium will promote hyperparathyroidism. Hormones will act on bone tissue, so that part of calcium in bone tissue will be dissolved into blood to maintain the stable balance of blood calcium. This dissolution is a self-regulating function of human body, which will become one of the causes of osteoporosis after a long time. Drink milk before going to bed at night, the calcium in milk can be slowly absorbed by the blood, and the blood calcium can be supplemented and maintained in balance all night, so it is not necessary to dissolve the calcium in bones, which prevents bone loss and osteoporosis, so it is good to drink milk before going to bed.
Whether heating milk in microwave oven will destroy the nutritional components of milk depends on the length of heating time. Because the heating speed of microwave oven is extremely fast, and the temperature of preserving milk nutrients should not be too high.
According to relevant data, the sterilization ability of microwave ovens mainly comes from thermal effect and biological effect. Thermal effect can denature and solidify the cell protein of bacteria, leading to the death of bacteria. If the milk is heated by microwave oven for a long time, the protein in milk will change from sol state to gel state under the action of high temperature, which will lead to the appearance of deposits and affect the quality of dairy products. The longer the milk is heated and the higher the temperature, the more serious the loss of nutrients, mainly vitamins, of which vitamin C is the most severely lost, followed by lactose.
Drink a cup of milk about 250 ml, and if heated by a gas stove, usually cook at a high temperature of 70℃ for 3 minutes and 60℃ for 6 minutes. Then use the microwave oven, 1 minute or so will do. However, it should be noted that there will be uneven temperature when heating in a microwave oven, so stir it before drinking so as not to get scalded.
Professionals also made it clear that putting bagged milk directly into the microwave oven will have a negative impact on human health. If the words "can be heated in microwave oven" are not marked on the packaging material, it is not suitable to be heated directly in microwave oven. Milk must be poured into a special container for microwave oven before being heated by microwave oven. When the temperature is below 100℃, ordinary plastics will not cause problems. It is suggested to scald the milk bag with boiling water below 100℃ to keep the milk warm.
Love reminder: experts point out that if you can avoid heating and drinking, try not to heat it, so as to preserve the intact nutritional value of milk. Especially for children, intact milk nutrition is more conducive to growth and development. Like pure milk sold in shopping malls or supermarkets, the general health protection is relatively reliable, and there is no need to heat it when drinking.
Nutritional proportion of soybean milk and milk
Milk and soybean milk are the past and present lives of cheese and tofu, respectively. In the progress of food culture, people in the East and the West have found their own forms of existence from "white terror". To tell the truth, tofu is healthy, but it is not as good as cheese in terms of calories. It is no wonder that farmers who eat tofu are often helpless in the face of fierce attacks by nomadic people who eat cheese.
Eating habits can sometimes really change the historical destiny of a nation. China people's most far-reaching invention is boiling water. The progress of metallurgical technology makes it easy for China people to boil water to drink, which also gives birth to a tea culture that relies on boiling water. Therefore, after China people bid farewell to raw water, the disease infection rate is greatly reduced, so the population expands. Too many people make the historical process of China people often determined by the number of people, and the labor force of people becomes worthless. The biggest job of all wise emperors is to raise a large population.
However, most Europeans live in a freezing environment, and their farming level is low, and the population has been unable to get up. Therefore, the human labor force has become precious, so that in the harsh religious environment, the Renaissance can also produce the value of human beings, which promotes the continuous progress of scientific and technological research to make up for the shortage of labor force. Eating high-calorie cheese and meat all day long also makes the blood of Europeans particularly adventurous and aggressive.
The Japanese were the first to realize this. In order to change the gene of "Little Japan", the Japanese government has continuously increased the proportion of milk in the national eating habits, and also encouraged to eat less rice. As a result, the height of the Japanese soon caught up with that of China, and the population quality is also the highest in Asia.
China's process from tradition to modernization is just like the evolution of soybean milk fritters to milk bread. With the economic development in the past 20 years, people have been drinking more milk. Should the next step be to eat cheese with better nutrition? If the habit of eating cheese had been carried forward from the Yuan Dynasty, Eight-Nation Alliance would not have been afraid to enter Beijing a hundred years ago.
Milk can't be drunk overnight
Sterilized milk stored overnight in cold storage only needs to be heated and boiled, so don't boil it repeatedly. Milk stored at room temperature will generally deteriorate overnight. I advise you to read the following article to have a good understanding of milk.
First of all, we must see that the various names of liquid dairy products in the market can test consumers' commodity knowledge. Pure milk, fresh milk, pure fresh milk, yogurt, active milk and fruit milk are all articles around the word "milk". It's actually quite easy to classify them-there are "protein content" on the label and the ingredients list of the product that must be marked, which is nothing more than choosing one of the two, or pure milk or milk-containing drinks. Pure milk is also called fresh milk and pure fresh milk. As can be seen from the ingredient list of the product, there is only one ingredient, namely fresh milk. Judging from its own nutritional value and the degree of recognition by experts, pure milk is an indispensable "mainstream product". There are two main indexes to evaluate the quality of pure milk: total dry matter (also called whole milk solids) and protein. The contents of these two indicators are generally stated on the packaging bags of products. The higher their contents, the higher the nutritional value of milk.
There are two ways to disinfect milk.
A senior engineer surnamed Zhang from a dairy factory said that liquid milk can be divided into sterilized milk, sour milk and pasteurized milk according to the production process. As far as disinfection methods are concerned, there are two kinds of disinfection methods: pasteurized milk and ultra-high temperature sterilized milk. As far as packaging forms are concerned, it can be roughly divided into four types: plastic bag, Tetra Pak, carton and plastic bottle. Among them, Tetra Pak bottles are divided into pillow type (bagged) and brick type (boxed), both of which are made of 5-7 layers of paper and aluminum foil. According to experts, the shelf life and drinking methods of milk have a great relationship with packaging, and different packaging and disinfection methods determine the shelf life of milk.
Pasteurized milk: Also called pasteurized milk. Sterilized at about 80°C for several seconds, it is "short-acting milk" and needs to be stored at low temperature. The shelf life is generally 1-7 days. When the storage temperature exceeds 4 C, the bacteria in milk can reproduce, so it cannot be stored for a long time at room temperature. Pasteurized milk includes three products: whole milk and partially defatted milk, which is suitable for families with fast disinfection and high purchase frequency.
Bagged milk is cheap, so it is suitable for delivery to thousands of households and becomes breakfast food for many families. House-shaped fresh milk, which looks like a house, is packaged with paper materials that are protected from light and conform to the concept of environmental protection, and adopts the internationally accepted "cold chain control method", that is, the whole process from fresh milk extrusion to production, storage, transportation and sales is carried out at low temperature, and the longest storage period can reach 7 days. One of its characteristics is "freshness": from milk extrusion to product filling is completed within 8 hours; Second, the production technology is advanced and scientific, and the nutritional components are well preserved, and all nutritional indexes are higher than those of ordinary bagged milk. House-shaped milk with rich flavor and mellow taste is a fine product in fresh milk, and its price has been greatly adjusted and began to approach ordinary people. However, because the price is still at a disadvantage, house-shaped milk can't replace the packaged sterilized milk with good quality and low price for a long time.
Ultra-high temperature (pillow bag/brick box) sterilized milk: also called high temperature milk. Using instantaneous ultra-high temperature sterilization method, the sterilization of packaged materials, packaging box forming and packaging are completed at one time in a production line, that is, from packaging forming to product filling, all in a sealed sterile area. Tetra Pak fresh-keeping carton containing 5-7 layers of protective film can protect vitamins in milk from sunlight. The ultra-high temperature instant sterilization fresh milk in Tetra Pak fresh-keeping packaging is "long-lasting milk", which can make consumers reduce the frequency of purchase. The product itself does not need to be refrigerated, and the shelf life is generally 8 months at room temperature, but the premise is that once the package is opened in the unopened state, it should be put into the refrigerator for refrigeration and drunk as much as possible within 3-4 days. Tetra Pak pillow packaging is economical and practical, and it is also more suitable for carrying out.
"Sterilization" and "sterilization" are hard to distinguish.
Pasteurization and ultra-high temperature sterilization are two different deep processing methods, and it is hard to say which is better or worse. The biggest difference between them lies in the different treatment methods of bacteria in raw milk, so they are different from raw milk selection, technological processing to sales, transportation and drinking methods of finished products.
After pasteurization, protein and most vitamins in raw milk are basically intact, and non-pathogenic bacteria are not completely killed, that is to say, some lactic acid bacteria, yeast and mold will remain, so the shelf life will not exceed 2 days; The ultra-high temperature sterilization of milk is instantaneous sterilization at135-140 C within 3-4 seconds, which kills all microorganisms in raw milk and preserves the nutrients in milk to the maximum extent, which is called sterilization. Filling process, ultra-high temperature sterilized milk adopts aseptic filling method. In the sales and transportation, pasteurized milk needs cold storage conditions, and the shelf life is mostly 48 hours; Ultra-high temperature sterilized milk does not need to be refrigerated, and its shelf life is as long as 8 months at room temperature. Some people think that pasteurized milk can better ensure the pure flavor and nutritional value of fresh milk and taste fresher because of the "cold chain control method". Especially, the house-shaped fresh milk is made of advanced packaging materials, which can effectively prevent ultraviolet rays from damaging the nutrition of vitamin A and vitamin B in milk and protect the nutrition, freshness and taste of milk.
All products marked with the words "sterilized milk" can be drunk immediately within the warranty period; People who are used to hot drinks should not boil the milk, and they can drink it after it is warm. Because if the boiling time is too long, it will not only destroy vitamins, but also cause protein coagulation and calcium precipitation, which will reduce the nutritional value of milk. Sterilized milk stored in cold storage overnight only needs to be heated and boiled, so don't boil it repeatedly. Tetra Pak packaging can resist the invasion of germs, oxygen, ultraviolet rays and moisture to fresh milk, so it can be drunk directly. Be careful not to heat Tetra Pak products in the microwave oven, because the packaging contains metal components, and the sealed packaging items may cause explosion if heated in the microwave oven.
You can't drink without taboos.
Respondent: prada_sj-Magician Level 5 3-28 16:59
Modify the reply: prada_sj, the reply you want to modify is as follows: the integral rule is closed.
Milk has now become a very popular public drink, however, it is the naive and romantic children who benefit the most from it. However, while you are familiar with milk, do you really understand all kinds of good and bad milk?
Every100g of milk contains 87g of water, 3.3g of protein, 4g of fat, 5g of carbohydrate, 93mg of calcium120mg, 0.2mg of phosphorus, 0.40mg of vitamin A 140 international unit, 0.04mg of vitamin B/kloc-0, and 0.04mg of vitamin B. It can supply 69 kcal of heat.
Milk is the best natural food for nurturing new life. Westerners call milk "human nanny". Except dietary fiber, milk contains all the nutrients needed by human body. It is the only nutritious food, and its high nutritional value is incomparable to other foods.
What milk has the highest nutrition?
Good milk: pure milk and sour milk (which can be bought in supermarkets and is superior to other liquid milk)
However, milk with fruit flavor or other auxiliary materials is not comparable to unprocessed milk in nutrition.
Pasteurized milk is often called "fresh milk" by manufacturers because of its rich nutrients. In fact, whether it is low temperature or high temperature during sterilization, it will have a certain impact on the nutritional value of milk, and the real fresh milk should be unprocessed milk.
From the brand: Mengniu, Yili, Guangming and Wandashan are all acceptable in liquid milk.
In fact, milk and milk powder are not fresh milk after packaging and transportation. Milk is fresher than milk powder, but its ingredients are not as complete as milk powder. The vitamins, calcium and other trace elements it contains may not be as reasonable as those added in the production process of milk powder and can meet people's needs. If healthy adults drink milk, they can, but I think infants under 4 years old still drink formula milk powder, which is good for nutrition and absorption, and good for the stomach. If you are an adult or an elderly person with poor health, you can choose milk powder or milk according to your health status. As for beauty, it is better to dilute milk or use it with other things (such as eggs and honey).
Besides being lower in fat than ordinary milk, will skim milk be less nutritious than ordinary milk?
No, but the milk on the market now will not make people fat even if it is full fat, because its fat content is very low, so personally, when buying milk, you don't have to care whether it is skim or full fat.