Weather refers to the specific state of the atmosphere near the surface in a short period of time. Weather phenomenon refers to various natural phenomena in the atmosphere, that is, the comprehensive expression of the spatial distribution of various meteorological elements in the atmosphere (such as temperature, pressure, humidity, wind, clouds, fog, rain, flash, snow, frost, thunder, hail, haze, etc.). ) in an instant.

Weather process is the process of weather phenomena changing with time in a certain area. All kinds of weather systems have certain time and space scales, and they are intertwined and influence each other. The combination of many weather systems constitutes a large-scale weather situation and hemispheric and even global atmospheric circulation.

The weather system is always in the process of rebirth, development and extinction, and there are corresponding weather phenomena in different development stages.

In addition, the climate types in China are: tropical monsoon climate, subtropical monsoon climate, temperate monsoon climate, temperate continental climate and alpine plateau climate.

Climate is a long-term average state of atmospheric physical characteristics, which is different from weather and has certain stability. According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), a standard climate calculation time is 30 years. Climate is measured by the characteristics of cold, warm, dry and wet, and is usually characterized by the average value and deviation value of a certain period.