Is the Mediterranean Sea Healing?
Thalassemia is the most common incomplete dominant chronic hemolysis in the population, also known as marine anemia, which is a group of heredity. Its mechanism is that the decrease or deletion of synthetic globin chain leads to structural abnormality, which reduces the deformability of abnormal red blood cells and shortens their life span. It is also called hemolytic anemia in medicine. The Mediterranean can be divided into three types clinically: mild, moderate and severe. Generally, those who can survive to adulthood are mild and partially moderate, and those who are serious often die in childhood due to chronic hemolysis or repeated infection.
Will thalassemia? Experts say that thalassemia is mainly caused by. Mild asymptomatic patients do not need treatment. Severe thalassemia requires hematopoiesis Without hematopoiesis, patients can only rely on blood transfusion and long-term use of iron remover to maintain their lives. At the same time, after long-term blood transfusion, more and more iron will be deposited in organs such as liver and spleen, leading to the failure of these organs and the death of patients. Moreover, hematopoietic hepatocyte transplantation is also very dangerous.
People who need special attention are those with severe thalassemia. After examination, it was confirmed that the fetus had severe thalassemia. It is best to have an induced abortion and terminate the pregnancy. If the examination results show that the fetus is genetically normal or belongs to mild thalassemia, the pregnancy can be safely continued. Mild thalassemia does not require special treatment. Moderate thalassemia and severe thalassemia can be treated by blood transfusion and iron removal. Pay attention to rest and nutrition in daily life, and supplement folic acid and vitamin E appropriately.
Thalassemia is more harmful to patients, so what are there? Let's take a look together.
Thalassemia can be divided into three types: mild thalassemia, moderate thalassemia and severe thalassemia. Among them, mild thalassemia does not need special treatment, and moderate and severe thalassemia should be treated by one or more of the following methods.
1, drug therapy
(1) General treatment: Pay attention to rest and nutrition, and be active. Appropriate supplementation of folic acid and vitamin E.
(2) Blood transfusion to remove iron: This method is still one of the important treatment methods at present.
Red blood cell transfusion: a small amount of blood transfusion is only suitable for intermediate α and β thalassemia, not for severe β thalassemia. For severe β thalassemia, moderate to high blood transfusion should be carried out from the early stage to make the child close to normal and prevent bone degeneration. The methods are as follows: firstly, the concentrated red blood cells are infused repeatedly to make the hemoglobin content of children reach120 ~150g/L; Then, every 2 ~ 4 weeks, concentrated red blood cells 10 ~ 15 ml/kg were infused to keep the hemoglobin content above 90 ~105 g/L. However, this method is easy to lead to hemosiderosis and should be treated with iron-Austrian mixture at the same time.
(3) Iron chelating agent: The commonly used deferoxamine can increase the excretion of iron from urine and feces, but it cannot prevent the gastrointestinal tract from absorbing iron. Iron load is usually evaluated after regular infusion of red blood cells 1 year or 10 ~ 20 units. If there is iron overload (such as SF >；; 1000 μ g/l), using iron chelating agent. Every night, deferoxamine/kloc-0 was injected subcutaneously for 1 2 hours, or 8-12 hours by intravenous drip in glucose osmotic solution. 5 ~ 7 days a week, long-term application. Or adde into red blood cell suspension for slow infusion. Deferamine has few side effects and occasional allergic reactions, which can cause cataracts and long bone development disorders for a long time. Too much will lead to poor eyesight and hearing. The combined application of vitamin C and chelating agent can enhance the effect of deferoxamine on urinary iron excretion, and the dose is 200rng/ day.
2. Surgical therapy
(1) Splenectomy: Splenectomy is effective for H disease and moderate β thalassemia, but not for severe β thalassemia. Splenectomy can weaken immune function, and should be performed after 5 ~ 6 years old, and the indications should be strictly controlled.
(2) Hematopoiety: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a method that can radically cure severe β thalassemia at present. If there is HLA-compatible hematopoietic stem cell donor, it should be the first choice for the treatment of severe β thalassemia.
The best way to prevent thalassemia is to do prenatal examination. If it is thalassemia, as long as you actively cooperate with the doctor, your condition will definitely improve.