Second, the pathogen diagnosis and characteristics
Scraping scales, scales and mucus from the white spot of the diseased fish, and observing with a dissecting mirror (5× 10), it was found that there was an oval worm with a flat back and abdomen, a sucker on both sides of the front end, a fixer on the back end, three pairs of central hooks and eight pairs of small hooks. After the front sucker, the mouth swallowed continuously, followed by pharynx and two dendritic intestines. Its morphological characteristics are similar to those of Benedictine worm. At the same time, the diseased fish was put in a bucket and soaked in fresh water for 2 ~ 3 minutes. It was found that a large number of worms fell off the surface of the diseased fish and turned white, so it was diagnosed as Benedictine worm.
Benedictine worm, belonging to Polychaeta, Cladocera, capsalidae. The worm body is oval, with a flat back and abdomen. The length is generally 5.4 mm ~ 6.6 mm, the longest is 1 1.6 mm, and the width is generally 3. 1 mm ~ 3.9 mm.. The front of the body is slightly protruding, and there are 1 front suction cups on both sides of the front end. There are 1 oval rear suction cups at the back end of the body, which are much larger than the front suction cups. There are 8 pairs of small notches on the edge and the edge of the inner membrane, 7 pairs of small edge hooks, 2 pairs of anchor hooks and 1 pair of attachment pieces in the center. The mouth is at the rear edge of the front sucker, and the throat is below the mouth. There are two pairs of black eye spots from pharynx back. The reproductive system has two testes, which are generally located in the center of the body, and there are prostate reservoirs and mating devices under the pharynx; Ovary 1 ovary, yolk glands are all over the body, and there are yolk storage capsules in front of yolk.
Third, prevention and control measures
1.Soak the sick fish with 20ppm furazolidone in fresh water for 5 minutes ~10 minutes, and aerate during the bathing to observe the fish's tolerance. If the fish is found to be upset, it should be taken out immediately and put into a cage for recovery. This method can kill Benedictine effectively, but it is difficult to kill eggs. In order to consolidate the curative effect, it is necessary to take another medicinal bath every 5 ~ 7 days after taking the medicine to prevent Benedictine from parasitizing again in large water. This method is safe and reliable for controlling Benedictine disease in Pseudosciaena crocea, but it is troublesome to operate and the fish is easy to be damaged.
2. Make a net cage cover with woven cloth, put it outside the fish cage when treating fish diseases, disinfect and treat it, add 300 ~ 400 ppm formalin +20ppm furazolidone, and soak the sick fish for 20 ~ 30 minutes. Or when the tide is at low tide, just lift the cage without woven bag, with the water depth of 0.5 m ~1m, and sprinkle with the above two drugs, keeping the concentration of the medicine bath for 20 ~ 30 minutes, and pay attention to observe whether there is any abnormal phenomenon in the fish body during the immersion bath. The advantage of this method is that you don't have to move the fish, and the stress response is small.
3. Use "long-acting bacterial toxin powder" (trichloroisocyanuric acid) and seawater to fully dilute and dissolve, and then sprinkle evenly. The application time should be chosen in the early morning or evening, when the fish are floating, and it is best to choose to apply the medicine at low tide, because the water flow is slow at low tide, and the drug effect lasts for a long time and loses slowly. For each cage (2.6m× 3.6m), the dosage is 1 .0g ~1.5g, once in the morning and once in the evening, and only1time can be used for patients with mild illness for 5-7 days continuously, and it is unnecessary to lift the cage when taking the medicine. This method is the simplest and has a good therapeutic effect, but this medicine is a strong chlorine agent, so the dosage should be properly controlled and even when spilled.
Fourth, preventive measures
1.Change the net in time. Change the net once every 5 days to10 in high temperature, and eliminate Benedictine eggs attached to the net coat in time, thus reducing the density of larvae in the water.
2. Drug Bagging Before the epidemic season of Benedictine's disease (June ~1October), a disinfection zone can be formed at the four corners of the cage with drugs, and 5 ~ 6 tablets of "long-acting bacterial toxin" (trichloroisocyanuric acid) can be hung on each cage with a depth of 50 cm ~ 60 cm, which can remove Benedictine, other pathogenic bacteria and pathogens from the water.
Treatment of visceral leukoplakia
The symptoms are as follows: at the initial stage of illness, the diseased fish has no obvious symptoms, only slow response, decreased appetite, and then floats out of the group, swims alone or stays at the bottom of the cage, and the weak body dies soon, and almost no symptoms can be seen on the body surface. However, with the aggravation of the disease, some fish have white or yellowish spots on the body surface. There were injuries and ulcers on the body surface, bleeding and redness, bleeding and redness on the caudal fin and chin, and then the number of deaths gradually increased. Anatomical observation showed that the viscera of the diseased fish had obvious pathological changes accompanied by slight swelling of ascites, liver, spleen, kidney and other viscera, and were covered with a large number of irregular spherical white or yellowish nodules, especially the spleen, which was formed by a layer of fibrous tissue wrapped by colonies. Many kidney white spots were anemic, and many spleen white spots were found. For the treatment scheme of the above symptoms, the following three schemes are proved to have unique curative effects after a large number of fish drugs are used in Xiabaishi Bentoukeng and Qingshan Fishing Pai.
Scheme 1: Mix fresh ingredients per kilogram: 4 g of fluoxetine+4 g of doxycycline+5 g of Gansuning+special multi-dimensional B6g for aquatic products, with three meals in a row, which is generally used for fish above 150g.
Scheme 2: Mix fresh ingredients per kilogram: 8 g of Jinpinjiajundi No.1+3 g of ampicillin+5 g of Gansuning+5 g of aquatic products, with 2-3 meals in a row. This scheme is suitable for all kinds of fish.
Scheme 3: Mix fresh ingredients per kilogram: 5 g of Jinpin Chuanlijia+5 g of Gansuning+VC6g for aquatic products for 2-3 meals. This scheme is very effective for fish below 150g. Generally speaking, the number of deaths decreases after one meal 1/3 to 1/2. [ 1]
The editor of this paragraph uses the value of large yellow croaker with good meat quality and delicious taste. "Squirrel yellow croaker" is a feast delicacy. Most of them are fresh-sold, and others are salted into "melons". After eviscerating and salting, they are washed and dried to make "yellow croaker" or canned. The swim bladder can be dried to make a valuable food "fish belly" or "yellow croaker glue". The liver of Pseudosciaena crocea contains vitamin A, which is a good raw material for making cod liver oil. Otoliths can be used medicinally.
Edit this paragraph. Nutritional analysis is beneficial to nutrition.
1.Yellow croaker contains large yellow croaker.
Rich in protein, trace elements and vitamins, it has a good tonic effect on human body. For the weak and middle-aged and elderly people, eating yellow croaker will receive a good therapeutic effect.
2. Yellow croaker is rich in trace element selenium, which can remove free radicals produced by human metabolism, delay aging and prevent and treat various cancers.
nutritional ingredient
The energy of nutrient elements contained in Pseudosciaena crocea is 97.00 kcal; Protein17.70g; 2.50 grams of fat; 0.80g of carbohydrate; Vitamin A 10.00 μ g
Thiamine 0.03 mg; Riboflavin 0. 10 mg; Nicotinic acid 1.90 mg; Vitamin e1.13mg; Calcium 53.00 mg; Phosphorus 174.00 mg
Potassium 260.00 mg; Sodium 120.30 mg; Magnesium 39.00 mg; 0.70 mg of iron; Zinc 0.58 mg; Selenium 42.57 micrograms; Copper 0.04 mg
Manganese 0.02 mg.
Dietetic therapy
Yellow croaker is sweet, salty and flat in nature, and enters the liver and kidney meridians.
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that yellow croaker has the effects of regulating stomach to stop bleeding, tonifying kidney to tonify deficiency, invigorating spleen to stimulate appetite, calming nerves to stop dysentery, benefiting qi and replenishing essence; It has good curative effect on anemia, insomnia, dizziness, anorexia and postpartum weakness of women.
Production instruction
1.The meat of yellow croaker is fresh and tender, which is suitable for steaming. If you fry it in oil, you need more oil to avoid scattering the yellow croaker, and the frying time should not be too long.
2. When burning yellow croaker, remove the scalp to remove the odor.
Suitable crowd
The general population can eat it.
1.Anemia, insomnia, dizziness, loss of appetite and women's postpartum weakness are especially suitable.
2. Yellow croaker is hair, and people with asthma and allergies should eat it carefully.
Food phase grams
Yellow croaker cannot eat with Schizonepeta tenuifolia; Avoid drinking tea before and after eating fish; It is not suitable to eat with buckwheat.
Edit the related recipes in this paragraph: cabbage soup and yellow croaker.
Main ingredients: large yellow croaker with pickled cabbage.
: large yellow croaker
Seasoning: Ningbo potherb mustard and bamboo shoots.
Pickled pickles pickled by potherb mustard in Ningbo are cut into powder and winter bamboo shoots are cut into thin slices. Then, fry the large yellow croaker in oil until both sides are slightly yellow, and cook.
Cover the yellow rice wine, simmer for a while, add water, ginger, cabbage, bamboo shoots, salt and monosodium glutamate, boil with strong fire, and then use a small amount.
Burn for a few minutes, and when the soup is milky white, sprinkle with chopped green onion.
Steamed large yellow croaker in seawater
Ingredients: newly steamed large yellow croaker
Fresh Pseudosciaena crocea 1 strip (about 400g clean meat), 2 cornmeal cakes100g, 5g shredded green pepper and 5g shredded onion. Seasoning: Lee Kum Kee steamed fish soy sauce 50g, raw soybean oil 20g, lard 20g and scallion oil 20g.
Marinated fish ingredients: seawater1000g, onion 50g, ginger 20g, fragrant leaves 5g, star anise 5g, pepper 5g, carved wine 50g, coriander root10g.
Production: 1, first scale and gill the yellow croaker, cut a small mouth in the throat, pick out the internal organs with the tip of a kitchen knife, cut the back and connect the abdomen, and soup the yellow croaker with pickled cabbage.
Marinating fish material 12 hours. 2. Blow the salted yellow croaker for 20 hours to dry. 3. Put the dried yellow croaker skin upward into a dish, pour in raw soybean oil and lard, steam in a steamer for 10 minute, take it out, cover with shredded green and red pepper and shredded green onion, pour in boiled scallion oil, pour in steamed fish and black bean oil with 80% heat, and serve with cornmeal cake.
Features: fresh and fragrant, fresh and delicious.
Tip: Marinating fish in seawater is a major feature of coastal areas. Fishermen marinate and dry the caught fresh fish in seawater, and use it for drinking and eating in their leisure time. After many improvements, the effect of salted fish material in seawater is much better than that of ordinary salt water.
Braised large yellow croaker
Braised large yellow croaker in brown sauce
Material: Pseudosciaena crocea 1 piece (about 750g). Seasoning: soy sauce15g, Shaoxing wine 8g, salt 5g, sugar 5g, tomato sauce 5g, pepper 5g, monosodium glutamate 8g, sesame oil 8g, wet starch10g, onion slices, ginger slices, onion slices and green pepper slices 5g, and salad oil100g.
make
1.Slaughter Pseudosciaena crocea, remove its internal organs from its abdomen, then remove scales and gills, clean the fish body, slant a knife at 45 degrees and put a Chinese character knife with a depth of 2 cm on it, add 4 grams of Shaoxing wine and 2 grams of salt for pickling for 20 minutes.
2. Put 30g of salad oil in an oil pan, heat it to 50% heat, add 2g of onion, 2g of ginger slices and 2g of onion, stir-fry until fragrant, then add large yellow croaker and fry for 2 minutes, then cook 4g of Shaoxing wine, 3g of salt, tomato sauce, monosodium glutamate, sugar, soy sauce and pepper for seasoning, then add 350g of clear water and simmer for 6 minutes.
3. Put the remaining onion, ginger, onion and green pepper slices into salad oil that is heated to 50%, and then take them out and cover them on the large yellow croaker.
Features: bright red color, salty, fresh and soft taste.
Fish sticks with salt and pepper
Ingredients: Pseudosciaena crocea1000g
Accessories: egg100g, wheat flour100g.
Seasoning: 5g of salt, 0/5g of salt and pepper/kloc-0, 5g of cooking wine/kloc-0, 0g of shallot/kloc-0, 5g of ginger/kloc-0, 3g of monosodium glutamate, 75g of peanut oil and 0g of lard (refined)/kloc-0.
Features: crisp outside and tender inside, fragrant outside and fresh inside, yellow and pleasing to the eye.
Practice:
1.Slaughter and clean the yellow croaker. Take 2 slices of clean meat, cut them into 4.5×l cm strips, put them in a bowl, marinate them with salt, cooking wine and minced onion and ginger for 30 minutes.
2. Stir the eggs and flour into egg batter, then add cooked lard and mix well.
3. Put the pot on a strong fire. When peanut oil is burned to 60% heat, hang the pickled fish strips in egg batter one by one, fry them in the pot until golden brown, then take them out, then pour them with cold oil and put them on the plate.
4. Keep up with a small dish of salt and pepper.
Making tips:
1.When making egg batter, cooked lard should be added (melted) to make the batter smooth.
2. When the fish is fried, it should be covered with cold oil to keep the quality crisp.
3. Because of the frying process, 750g of peanut oil should be prepared.
Raw smoked large yellow croaker
Fresh yellow croaker 1 strip (about 750g), wine 1/2 tbsp, onion 1 strip, 2 pieces of ginger, 2 cups of white rice, tea (black tea or Longjing) and brown sugar, and 2 pieces of lettuce leaves.
① Rub the yellow croaker with salt wine and chopped onion and ginger, and marinate for about 20 minutes.
(2) After the oil is heated to six minutes in the pot, put down the yellow croaker and fry it slowly with low fire (that is, soak it). After about 2 minutes, take it out and drain the oil.
(3) use a ginger wok, put tea, white rice and yellow sugar in the wok, and then burn it with low fire. When all the ingredients smoke, put a piece of barbed wire in the wok (brush a little oil on the net), then put the fish flat on the net, cover the pot tightly, and smoke it with low fire for about 15 minutes. When the fish has turned brown, it will be fine. Move the fish carefully.
Stewed croaker at home
Ingredients: 650g large yellow croaker.
Accessories: 50 grams of pork (fat and thin)
Seasoning: 50 grams of vegetable oil, 5 grams of coriander, 5 grams of salt, 25 grams of cooking wine, 2 grams of soy sauce 10, 2 grams of monosodium glutamate, 5 grams of green onion 10, 5 grams of ginger and 5 grams of garlic (white skin).
Practice:
1.Scrape the scale of yellow croaker, remove its internal organs, clean it, and put parallel knife lines with a spacing of 2 cm on both sides of the fish.
2. Cut pig fat and lean meat into filaments (5cm long).
3. Cut the onion, shred the ginger and slice the garlic for later use.
4. Put the pot on high fire, add vegetable oil and heat it to 80%, add croaker and fry it until it is light yellow, and then take it out.
5. Leave the bottom oil (20g) in the pan, stir-fry pork, onion, shredded ginger and garlic slices, cook cooking wine and soy sauce, pour stock (750g), add fried yellow croaker and refined salt, and bring to a boil, skimming the floating foam.
6. Stew with medium heat until the raw materials are put into monosodium glutamate, add monosodium glutamate and coriander segments, and take the pot and put it into the soup bowl.
Yellow-Fin Tuna with Pine Nuts
First, clean the yellow croaker's belly, and cross it with a knife on both sides of the fish, with four straight knives and six horizontal knives (depending on the size of the fish). Spread it evenly with cornstarch, boil the oil, carefully put the fish down in the pan, and don't turn the fish over immediately. The fire should not be too strong. After five minutes, turn the fish over and fry it on one side. After a few minutes, fish out and drain the oil, then boil the oil, put the fish down, and after two minutes, fish out and drain the oil to serve, and cook the sweet and sour juice in the pan (sweet and sour sauce: tomato sauce)
Huangyuzeng
Boil the large yellow croaker in clear water, remove the bones to leave the meat, remove the skull and bones the size of the fish, use shredded ham, shredded leeks, shredded bamboo shoots, and add egg white (beat the egg white evenly before serving), boil the ingredients with the soup of boiled fish, add salt and pepper, put the egg white down, turn off the heat, and serve.
Sweet and sour yellow croaker
Raw materials: yellow croaker 1 strip, shredded mushrooms 20g, shredded red pepper 1 5g, shredded onion 20g, shallot1root, and 3 slices of ginger. 5 grams of salt, 20 grams of sugar, 25 grams of vinegar, 5 grams of tomato sauce 10, 5 grams of cooking wine, 5 grams of starch and a little sesame oil.
Production:1.Wash the yellow croaker, cut the sides of the fish, put it in a dish, wipe the whole body with salt, cooking wine, ginger and shallots, marinate for 20 minutes, then wrap the fish with starch, put it in hot oil, fry it until it is crisp, and take it out.
2. Heat oil in a pan, stir-fry shredded mushrooms, scallion and red pepper, mix white sugar, vinegar, tomato sauce, starch, sesame oil and salt with water, pour into a wok, stir-fry over high fire until boiling, and pour over the fish. [2]
The therapeutic effect of editing this paragraph is that yellow croaker tastes sweet and salty, and its nature is flat, and it enters the liver and kidney meridians.
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that yellow croaker has the effects of regulating stomach, stopping bleeding, tonifying kidney, tonifying deficiency, invigorating spleen, stimulating appetite, calming nerves, stopping dysentery, benefiting qi and replenishing essence.
It has good curative effect on anemia, insomnia, dizziness, anorexia and postpartum weakness of women.
Edit this paragraph to identify high-quality large yellow croaker
Body surface: symmetrical posture, relatively complete scales, pectoral fins, ventral fins, and abdomen are golden yellow or yellowish (including white scales), and the back is yellowish brown and shiny.
Gill: Gill silk is clear, bright red, and mucus is transparent.
Pseudosciaena crocea (6 eyes): The eyes are full and the cornea is clear.
Smell: It has the inherent smell of Pseudosciaena crocea, and has no odor such as oil pollution.
Tissue: The muscles are firm and elastic, and the internal organs are clear and free from decay.
Storage method: Fresh-keeping in refrigerator can be stored for more than 20 days, and freezing at minus 8 degrees can be stored for one year.
The distinction between large yellow croaker and small yellow croaker
The shape of Pseudosciaena crocea and Pseudosciaena crocea is very similar, but the head of Pseudosciaena crocea is bigger than that of Pseudosciaena crocea, and the length of its tail handle is more than three times the height of its tail handle. The second fin spine of the gluteal fin is equal to or larger than the eye diameter, with small scales and compact tissues, and there are 8 ~ 9 scales between the dorsal fin and the lateral line; The head is big, the mouth is oblique, and the head and eyes are big. However, the small yellow croaker has a high back, large scales, short tail handle, upturned mouth width and small eyes.
Edit other meanings of this paragraph At the beginning of last century, in dialects in some areas, large yellow croaker also referred to large gold bars, weighing twelve ounces (old scales). Small yellow croaker refers to small gold bars.
Liberation Daily1986.11.2: "(Xiao Zhao) told them very solemnly that this was really a gold bar. Jia' s wife picked up the little black box and opened the bag. It was a' big yellow croaker' commonly known by Shanghainese. "
Edit this nutritional value nutritional analysis:
1. Yellow croaker is rich in protein, trace elements and vitamins, which has a good tonic effect on human body. For the weak and middle-aged and elderly people, eating yellow croaker will get a good therapeutic effect;
2. Yellow croaker is rich in trace element selenium, which can remove free radicals produced by human metabolism, delay aging and prevent and treat various cancers.
Dietotherapy function:
Yellow croaker is sweet and salty, flat in nature, and enters the liver and kidney;
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that yellow croaker has the effects of regulating stomach to stop bleeding, tonifying kidney to tonify deficiency, invigorating spleen to stimulate appetite, calming nerves to stop dysentery, benefiting qi and replenishing essence;
It has good curative effect on anemia, insomnia, dizziness, anorexia and postpartum weakness of women.
Food phase grams:
Yellow croaker cannot eat with Schizonepeta tenuifolia; Avoid drinking tea before and after eating fish; It is not suitable to eat with buckwheat.
Related people:
The general population can eat it.
1. Anemia, insomnia, dizziness, loss of appetite and women's postpartum weakness are especially suitable;
2. Yellow croaker is hair, and people with asthma and allergies should eat it carefully. [3]
Edit this paragraph to refer to gold bars1gold bars added by Shanghai Bund Central Mint at the end of 946. After casting, it will be handed over to the central bank for air transport to various places for later use for public exchange. There are five kinds of gold bars, one or two, two or two, three or two, five or two, and a dozen or so. In the old days, Shanghai was commonly known as "large yellow croaker" and one or two gold bars were "small yellow croaker".
A large yellow croaker is a little different. It is not cut by a flat gold plate, but cast by a common silver house. At that time, the central bank also entrusted some large gold bars from the national treasury to a reputable silver house for casting to meet the needs of the market.
Generally 10, the rail words of two factories start with D, and this rail word starts with S, and S is intended to represent Shanghai.