Su Shi
On the twentieth night of the first month of Yimao, I remembered my dream.
Ten years of life and death are two boundless, not thinking, unforgettable.
Thousands of miles away in a lonely grave, there is nowhere to talk about desolation.
Even if you don't know when you meet, your face is covered with dust and your temples are like frost.
Night comes and dreams suddenly return home. Xiao Xuan window, dressing.
Care for each other without words, only tears thousands of lines
It is expected that the annual heartbroken place: the moonlit night, short Matsuoka.
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This is a eulogy. The author vividly reflects the sincere feelings and deep memories of his dead wife by combining his unfortunate experiences and infinite feelings in his political career in the past ten years.
When the author wrote this word, he was in Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province) and his wife Wang Fu died in Kaifeng in Song Yingzong for two years (1065). By this time (Xining eight years), it has been ten years before and after. The preface before the word clearly points out that the theme of this article is "remembering dreams" However, the dream scene only appears briefly in the next piece of the word, and does not occupy a dominant position in the whole article. The reason why the author can enter the hometown of "quiet dreams" and can "remember dreams" with words. It is entirely the inevitable result of the author's yearning for his dead wife and his long-term unforgettable experience. Therefore, the beginning points out the tragic reality of "ten years of life and death". What is written here is the personal sad life experience in the long years. Health refers to the author; Death means dead wife. This shows that both the living and the dead have missed each other for a long time, but the news is blocked and the voice is slim. The reason why the author mentioned life and death side by side, in addition to clarifying the function of the topic, was to emphasize the sadness of the living, so the words "I will never forget if I don't think about it" immediately appeared. "Don't think", in fact, is to retreat for progress, just use it to show the depth of the feeling that the living are "unforgettable". The sentence "a thousand miles away in a lonely grave, nowhere to talk bleak" will be added immediately. Explain the actual content of "unforgettable". After Wang's death, he was buried in Meishan, Su Shi's hometown, so it is natural that there will be a "lonely grave of thousands of miles". As a result, it is difficult for the author to even get the opportunity to pay a sacrifice in front of the grave. The dead are "desolate" and the living are heartbroken. "Ten years" is a long time; "Thousands of miles" is a vast space. In this long and vast space of time, there is an insurmountable boundary between life and death. How can the author not multiply the sigh of "nowhere to talk"? It is difficult to cross the boundaries of time, space and life and death, so we have to beg for a dream meeting. The above four sentences pave the way for "remembering dreams". At the end of the last film, the three sentences suddenly turned around, taking advance as retreat, and imagined the unexpected consequence of not knowing each other even if they met. These three sentences have a lot of content, including the author's suffering from the ups and downs of his official career in the past ten years, the mental torture of his dead wife for a long time, and the aging of his body in the past ten years. Assumption; Even if the boundaries between time, space and life and death are broken, the living and the dead can still "meet", but I am afraid it is difficult for the other party to "get to know" when they meet. Because ten years later, the author is "dusty and frosty" and looks like an old man. These three sentences set off the author's misfortune in the past ten years (including his three-year life in Beijing after opposing the new law) and the great changes in the world from the reflection of the imaginary dead.
The next film is about the sudden appearance of dreams: "Night comes and dreams suddenly return home". As far as the whole word is concerned. This article is indeed the true feelings of Yu Bo, and every sentence is painful, while this sentence contains joy in sadness. "Xiao Xuan window, dressing" complements the above sentence with a vivid image, thus making the dream more realistic. As if the author was beside Wang when she was newly married, seeing her look and manner when she bathed in the morning light and dressed herself in the mirror, her heart was full of honey and tenderness. However, then the word pen changed from happy to sad. "There is nothing to say about each other, only a thousand lines of tears." These two sentences should be "a lonely grave a thousand miles away", and now they can "return home", which should be the time to enjoy "bleak words". However, I don't know where to start with a thousand words in my heart, so I have to "care for each other" and tears flow. These five sentences are the theme of the word: "Remember dreams". Just because the dream is illusory, the artistic conception of the word is also somewhat dreamy, so it is impossible and unnecessary for the author to describe it to the fullest. In this way, it can leave readers room for imagination. The last three sentences are a sigh after the dream, and also a comfort to the dead. If we connect the opening "ten years" with the indefinite "year after year", then the author's nostalgia for his dead wife is not "while this unending sorrow goes on and on for ever"? One of the noteworthy characteristics of this article in art is that it is straightforward and sincere. Because the author has extremely deep feelings for his dead wife, even ten years after the other person's death, the author still fantasizes about meeting in his dream. And through dreams (or parts related to dreams) to express their true feelings heartily, neither taboo nor obscure. Words such as "I will never forget if I don't think about it", "I have nowhere to talk about it" and "I care about nothing but tears for a thousand lines" all reflect the characteristics that it is natural to express my feelings directly and spit. Another feature is rich imagination and exquisite conception. The author gallops his imagination from a long time and a vast space, and integrates the past, the present, the dream and the future into a unified artistic whole, closely describing the words "thinking" and "unforgettable". The whole word is well-organized, but it is tortuous and ups and downs. In the first film, eight sentences are written about the memory and emotional ups and downs before the dream, the first five sentences are written about the sadness and joy in the dream, and the last three sentences are about the lamentation after the dream. The plot has ups and downs; With a pen, there are advances and retreats, feelings, sadness and joy; Do all the twists and turns. Another feature is that the language is frank and pure line drawing. Because this is a poem that expresses true feelings, the language is also extremely simple and natural, with true feelings. If you understand it, there is no trace of carving. This simple language is combined with the staggered use of different sentence patterns (three, four, five and seven words), which makes this word both handsome and piercing, and properly shows the author's thoughts and feelings. It has an inherent sense of rhythm and gripping artistic charm that is difficult to produce in ancient poetry and rhythmic poetry.
In the Tang, Five Dynasties and Northern Song Dynasties, most of the ci articles describing women were narrow in realm and dusty in words. Su Shi's words are open-minded, pure in feelings and noble in character, which makes people feel refreshed. It is Su Shi's initiative to mourn with words. This article should occupy a certain position in expanding the theme of words and enriching the expressive force of words.
This article can be compared with Pan Yue's Mourning Poem, Yuan Zhen's Mourning for the Sadness and Wu Wenying's Preface to the Singing of Birds in the Southern Song Dynasty.