The disease mostly occurs in calves and weak cows, especially in winter and spring.
1 etiology
Usually, when cows are exposed to wind, cold and improper feeding, which reduces the resistance of cows, microbial infection will occur and cause disease. In addition, mechanical stimulation or chemical factors, such as inhalation of human dust, irritating ammonia, toxic gases and smoke, can directly stimulate the lungs and also cause inflammation. Another example is that cows lack nutrition, old and young, and lack vitamin A and minerals. This may also be the cause of the disease.
The secondary causes are malignant catarrhal fever, tuberculosis, foot-and-mouth disease, endometritis and mastitis. Pathogens invade the lungs through blood or lymph and cause inflammation.
2 Clinical symptoms
At the beginning of the disease, symptoms of bronchitis appeared. With the development of the disease, the symptoms of the whole body get worse, the spirit is weak, the appetite and urination decrease or disappear, the conjunctiva is flushed, and the pulse is accelerated, reaching 90 ~ 100 beats/minute.
Dyspnea, increased frequency, up to 40 ~ 100 beats/min. The degree of dyspnea varies according to the size of the inflamed area of the lung. The larger the area of inflammation, the more difficult it is to breathe. Open your mouth, stick out your tongue, and vibrate your nose rhythmically. The body temperature is as high as 39.5℃ ~ 465438 0℃. It's very hot.
In the early and late stages of the disease, there are many runny noses. Due to the different procedures of the disease, nasal discharge is often mucus or mucus purulent, sometimes mixed with blood.
Lung auscultation, alveolar breathing sounds weakened at the initial stage of the lesion, and twisting sounds could be heard. Later, due to the change of inflammatory exudate, wet rales can be heard. When lobular pneumonia foci merge with each other and alveoli and bronchioles are filled with exudates, alveolar breathing sounds disappear.
Hematological changes, the total number of white blood cells and neutrophils increased, accompanied by nuclear left shift.
3 Pathological changes
There are inflammatory lesions in the lungs, and the diseased tissue is solid and does not contain air. Small pieces of diseased lung tissue will sink when put into water. Because of the different degrees of lesions, lung sections show various colors. Pulmonary interstitial expansion, serous exudate infiltration capsule, gelatinous.
Differentiation of four diseases
4. 1 The symptoms of bronchitis are cough and runny nose, and there are dry and wet rales in auscultation, and breathing is accelerated. Due to the slow onset of bronchitis, it does not have a typical and periodic course of disease, the type of fever is uncertain, and it is limited to the voiced area, and the systemic symptoms are obvious; Chronic bronchitis is characterized by long-term cough.
4.2 The symptoms of lobar pneumonia are high body temperature, which can reach 40℃ ~ 4 1℃, cough, dry and wet rales during auscultation, anorexia and depression. Moreover, it is a missed diagnosis fever, and the course of disease develops rapidly, but typical cases are often stereotypes fever. The voiced area of the lung is enlarged by percussion, and there is often rust-colored nose in the course of the disease. X-ray examination shows that the lesion is obviously and widely shadowed.
4.3 Bovine epidemic fever, the body temperature rises above 40℃, the number of breaths increases and is rapid, the auscultation of alveolar breathing sounds is rough and sharp, and there is a runny nose. The disease is an acute, hot and highly contagious infectious disease caused by virus, which is characterized by pain in muscles and joints of limbs, stiff and unstable gait, limping, and some cows can't walk and can only lie on the ground. Conjunctival congestion, tears, photophobia, salivation, and foam in the mouth. Happened in an epidemic.
4.4 Pleuropneumonia is a disease characterized by rising body temperature, flaccid fever, cough, dyspnea and increasing number. Lung auscultation has rales. It is contagious, and the rubbing sound can be heard in the ribs, and there is a large area of voiced sound during percussion, and there is pain during percussion.
4.5 The temperature of bovine pasteurellosis rises to 40℃ ~ 42℃, with shortness of breath and cough. Infective, knocking on the chest, pain in the vocal area and one or both sides, unwilling to lie flat; Throat-type sore throat, red eyes and tears.
5 Prevention and control
5. 1 Prevention Strengthen feeding management, prevent colds and avoid the stimulation of mechanical and chemical factors. If you have bronchitis, you should treat it in time. If it is suspected that it is caused by an infectious disease, it should be observed in isolation to prevent infection and spread.
5.2 treatment
(1) The principle of western medicine treatment is to pay attention to nursing, eliminate inflammation, eliminate phlegm and relieve cough, stop exudation, and promote the absorption and elimination of inflammatory exudates.
① Penicillin 3.2 million units and streptomycin 2 ~ 3g can be injected intramuscularly, 8 ~ 12h 1 time; Or 10% sulfadiazine sodium injection, or 10% sulfadiazine injection 100 ~ 150ml, intramuscular injection, 1 time/d; Or dissolve erythromycin (4 ~ 8 mg/kg bw), neomycin (4 mg/kg bw) and ampicillin (3.2 million units) in 15 ~ 20 ml distilled water and slowly inject it into trachea.
② To prevent exudation, 10% calcium chloride injection 100 ~ 200ml, intravenous injection, 1 time/d; Or take 0.5-2g hydrochloric acid urine plug, 2g potassium iodide, 30e polygala tenuifolia and 500ral warm water orally, 65438 0 times/d. ..
③ Cows with expectorant cough have difficulty breathing, so aminophylline L-2g can be injected intramuscularly; Or with 3% hydrogen peroxide solution 500ral, 25% grape solution 1500ral, intravenous drip injection; Or subcutaneous injection of 5% ephedrine injection 4- 100ral.
④ To prevent autotoxicity, we can use 100 ~ 200ml camphor alcohol solution, 1 time /d ... To enhance heart function, we can use cardiotonic drugs, such as 20% caffeine sodium solution and 10% sodium camphor sulfonate solution.
(2) Cortex Mori, Cortex Lycii, Semen Lepidii, Radix Asparagi, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, Radix Scutellariae, Radix Ophiopogonis, and Radix Platycodi each 24-30g, and Radix Glycyrrhizae18g, which are treated with traditional Chinese medicine and decocted.