Insecticide, which can kill or drive intestinal parasites out of the body, is called insect repellent. This kind of medicine is mainly used for diseases caused by intestinal parasites (ascaris lumbricoides, tapeworms, hookworms, pinworms, etc.). Patients often have abdominal pain, abdominal distension, anorexia, overeating, yellow face and emaciation. Drugs can be selected according to the types of parasites. Taking insect repellent can paralyze or kill the insect body, so that the insect can be excreted and can be cured fundamentally. For patients with physical weakness, it should be supplemented first and then attacked, or both. When expelling insects, it is usually taken on an empty stomach, so that the drugs can be easily contacted with the worms and the insect repellent effect can be better exerted. Often combined with purgative drugs to promote insect discharge. Some anthelmintics are toxic, so pregnant women should use them with caution. Commonly used anthelmintics include neem bark, quixote, betel nut, pumpkin seed and thunder pill.

Drug deworming

Drive ascaris

The ethanol extract of neem bark has paralyzing effect on ascaris suum in vitro, especially on ascaris suum, and its effective component toosendanin has stronger effect than neem bark extract. The effects of toosendanin with different concentrations on ascaris suum were slightly, moderately to completely inhibited with the increasing concentration, and then they could gradually resume their activities. For ascaris suum, toosendanin is paralyzed at high concentration, but it has obvious exciting effect on ascaris suum at low concentration, which can disturb the energy metabolism of the worm and make it unable to adhere to the intestinal wall and be excreted. The main action site of toosendanin is the nerve ring of ascaris lumbricoides head. After oral administration of toosendanin to monkeys, the drug was absorbed and distributed quickly, widely and slowly. The drug concentration in tissues was the highest in gallbladder, liver and duodenum, followed by spleen and kidney, and distributed evenly in all parts of the brain, but the concentration was low. Repeated administration is cumulative. Junzi decoction and ethanol extract can inhibit ascaris suum. The water-soluble part of Junzi seed extract has paralyzing effect on ascaris suum. The anthelmintic effect of Juniper has nothing to do with the removal of sugar, ash and potassium oxalate from its extract by fermentation, and its effective component is potassium Juniper acid, which has high anthelmintic effect. The high concentration of Junzi first excites ascaris and then paralyzes it, which is also one of the reasons for the insect repellent effect.

Tapeworm repellent

Arecoline is an effective component of areca catechu to repel tapeworm, which has a strong paralyzing effect on all parts of pork tapeworm, but it only paralyzes the head and immature segments of beef tapeworm, and the pregnant segments (middle and late segments) are also affected to soften, but it is not completely paralyzed and the effect is poor. Areca catechu has a strong paralyzing effect on hookworm, hookworm and short tapeworm. Pumpkin seed decoction and its extract make the middle and rear segments of beef tapeworm thinner and wider, the middle part of the segment is sunken and paralyzed, and the head and immature segments move freely. Using L-cucurbitacin perchlorate and synthetic dl- cucurbitacin hydrobromide to treat taeniasis dogs can repel worms. It has paralyzing effect on the immature and mature segments of the head segment of Taenia canis-Taenia leguminosa, so the whole Taenia is often discharged. Cucurbitacin is effective in treating Taenia solium in cats and Taenia solium in mice. Thunder pill can also repel tapeworms. According to the Classic of Materia Medica, Leiwan "killed three insects". The main effective component is Leiwansu, a protease with a content of about 3%, which can decompose protein in weak alkaline solvent (pH8). In vitro experiments show that Leiwan water extract can kill tapeworm segments. Its function is that protease decomposes the protein of the worm, destroys the worm, and does not necessarily find the worm segments in the enlarged stool. Its curative effect can be affirmed because of long-term fecal examination and repeated negative results.

Repelling pinworm

Junzi powder has no effect on expelling adult pinworm in mice, but it has obvious effect on expelling mature female worms and females whose uterus is full of eggs. In vitro experiments of areca nut powder and decoction have paralyzing effect on mouse pinworm and can repel its adults, but the effect is not as good as that on human pinworm, and areca nut powder also has a little effect on larval pinworm.

Hookworm repellent

In vitro experiments on hookworm in dogs with Neem root bark decoction showed that at high concentration, it could kill all hookworm. Areca nut decoction can also kill hookworms, and some female worms have broken tails, exposed uterus and curled bodies.

Whiplash

Areca catechu decoction and mixture (Areca catechu, Mume Fructus and Glycyrrhiza uralensis) can repel whipworm and ginger leaf worm.

Anti-schistosomiasis

Pumpkin seeds were given to mice on the day of infection with Schistosoma japonicum for 28 days as a course of treatment, which had the best preventive effect, significantly reduced the number of worms and had no effect on Schistosoma japonicum adults. The acetone extract of pumpkin seeds and cucurbitacin can inhibit the growth and development of juvenile worms and have preventive effects, but they can't kill adult Schistosoma japonicum in mice, but can only make bisexual worms atrophy, reproductive organs degenerate and the number of eggs in uterus decrease. When the combination of cucurbitacin and tartar emesis is used to treat schistosomiasis in mice, the effect of the two drugs is the best, or the effect of taking cucurbitacin first and then tartar emesis is generally poor. After oral administration of cucurbitacin in mice, liver cells showed slight atrophy or a small amount of fat infiltration in the liver, and returned to normal after drug withdrawal.

Action type

treat

Toosendanin is administered in different ways, which has therapeutic effect on animals poisoned by botulinum toxin. The mice given lethal dose of botulinum toxin were treated with toosendanin within six hours after challenge, and the survival rate was over 80%. More than half of the monkeys with botulism can be cured after 24 hours of treatment. It also has a protective effect on type C botulism, and the dosage of anti-venom can be significantly reduced when it is used together with anti-venom serum. Botulinum poisoning mice have obvious antagonistic effect on the decrease of synaptic vesicles at the neuromuscular junction of diaphragm caused by toosendanin. Experiments showed that the density of synaptic vesicles in neuromuscular junction of normal mice was184 37 ц m2/The average density of synaptic vesicles in neuromuscular junction was 6815/um2 after single administration of toosendanin, while the average density of mice after administration of toosendanin was137/respectively.

antimycotic

The aqueous extracts of Melia azedarach bark, Fructus quisqualis and Areca catechu have inhibitory effects on some skin fungi in vitro.

Excite gallbladder

Areca catechu injection can obviously excite gallbladder muscles in guinea pigs in vitro or cats and dogs in vivo, causing strong contraction and increasing the discharge of gallbladder contents. It has no obvious effect on bile secretion. Rhubarb injection can promote bile secretion. If the two drugs are used intermittently, it can increase the pressure of common bile duct in a short time for dogs or cats, accelerate the discharge of bile and facilitate the discharge of common bile duct stones. Areca catechu has a certain contraction effect on human gallbladder, which is weaker than that on dogs. It can promote the excretion of biliary ascaris or stones when it is combined with other traditional Chinese medicines in clinic. Areca catechu has a cholinergic effect, and the effect of arecoline is similar to that of pilocarpine and muscarine, which excites M-cholinergic receptors and also has a cholinergic effect on the central nervous system. A small amount of arecoline injected intravenously into cats can cause cortical wake-up response, and atropine can reduce or block this effect. Arecoline can also stimulate N-cholinergic receptors.

toxic effect

Neem bark decoction can cause vomiting in dogs 15 g/kg, and the lethal dose in rabbits is above 40g/kg. The tolerance of animals to it may depend on nutritional status and physique.

Several Insect Repellents (5 pieces)

The reason is slightly different. When toosendanin is given to dogs and cats by gavage at different doses, the blood pressure will decrease with the increase of dosage, and the blood pressure will drop to zero, and the breathing and heartbeat will stop, and the lungs and gastrointestinal bleeding will occur. Microscopic examination showed that bleeding was caused by vascular wall injury, and respiratory failure was mainly caused by direct inhibition of respiratory center. Nikethamide had a slight antagonistic effect on respiratory inhibition caused by it. The subacute toxicity test showed that toosendanin could increase alanine in mice and monkeys. The pathological changes of liver are more obvious than those of other organs, and there are brown particles deposited on the intima of blood vessels. The pigs poisoned by taking toosendanin tablets orally showed limb tremors, strong movements and paroxysmal convulsions. Poisoned children show unstable standing, delirium, drowsiness, dilated pupils and slow response to light, which may be related to different drug purity, dosage forms and animal species.

Toxic dose of toosendanin can make rats, pigs, dogs and monkeys appear general weakness (flaccid paralysis, drooping eyelids), dyspnea, limb twitching and other symptoms.

Experiments show that toosendanin is a neuromuscular transmission blocker that selectively acts on presynaptic membrane. It can block the normal transmission between rats and mice, which is the direct cause of muscle weakness in monkeys and other animals. Electron microscopic observation showed that toosendanin had obvious changes in the submicroscopic structure of presynaptic membrane of neuromuscular junction in mice and rats.

The minimal lethal dose of Junzi water extract was 20g/kg by subcutaneous injection in mice, which caused mild convulsion all over the body, and then stopped breathing. Junzi gave the dog 26.6g/kg orally, which could cause vomiting and nausea. Arecoline can enhance gastrointestinal peristalsis and produce diarrhea, which often leads to gastrointestinal spasm, severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting.

Small knowledge

Propendazole and levamisole are commonly used for deworming, once a day for three consecutive days. It is effective for ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm and Rao worm. Mebendazole is effective against ascaris lumbricoides, hookworms, hookworms, whipworms and nematodes. Compound mebendazole (Xiaocheqing) is a mixture of mebendazole and levamisole hydrochloride. Take two tablets, but some dogs have bloody stools, and the reason is unclear. Praziquantel can treat tapeworm infection, and it can be taken once per kilogram of body weight 10-20MG.

When puppies are in February-March, they often have diarrhea, which is endoparasitic enteritis. Generally caused by roundworms, hookworms, tapeworms or coccidia. Due to the small intestinal cavity of puppies and many parasites such as ascaris, puppies suffer from diarrhea, emaciation and even insect spitting. Eggs can be seen in feces. Individual puppies can cause small intussusception or proctoptosis.

It is best for pregnant dogs not to take mebendazole or enterotoxigenic. If the parasite can also be killed (ivermectin), it can be injected subcutaneously once, and the dose is as prescribed by the doctor.

Metronidazole can be selected for trichomonas resistance. Sulfonamide can only prevent coccidiosis infection, and ampicillin hydrochloride can be used to treat coccidiosis. [ 1]

Of course, if animals and people are different, they should not be taken indiscriminately.