1. Seed selection and treatment: It is necessary to select high-quality rapeseed varieties, dry the seeds first, then soak them, dry them and sow them. 2. Fertilization and sowing: Sowing can be done in late March. Before sowing, you need to apply enough base fertilizer and water according to the soil moisture to create moisture. Use the furrow method. 3. Field management: Thin out the seedlings when there are 2 true leaves unfolding, and set the seedlings when there are 4 leaves and 1 heart. After the seedlings are set, they need to be watered 3-4 times during the growth period. 4. Cultivating, weeding, and preventing frost damage: Carry out cultivating, loosening, and cultivating soil in combination with top dressing to ensure root ventilation, thicken the rhizosphere soil layer, absorb heat and increase temperature, and enhance the anti-freezing ability of vegetable seedlings.
1. Planting technology and field management of rapeseed
1. Seed selection and processing
(1) In order to ensure the yield of rapeseed, you must choose high-quality, Disease-resistant, bolting-tolerant, and high-yield rapeseed varieties, such as Jinglu No. 2, Xiaoqingcui, Huaguan, etc.
(2) Before sowing, you can put the seeds in a place with sufficient light to dry for about 3-4 hours, and then soak them in warm water with a temperature of 50°C for 20-30 minutes. Soak the seeds in warm water at 20-30°C for about 2-3 hours, and then sow them after drying.
(3) The seeds can also be placed in an environment of 15-20°C for germination, and they can be sown after all the buds emerge.
2. Fertilization and sowing
(1) 3000-5000kg of high-quality and fully decomposed farmyard manure, 20-25kg of diammonium phosphate, and 10-15kg of potassium sulfate is used as base fertilizer.
(2) Generally, sowing can be carried out in late March, and the amount of seed used per acre is 350g.
(3) Before sowing, you must water according to the soil moisture to create moisture. When the water seeps down, sow the seeds again.
(4) When sowing, 5 furrows can be opened in a 1m wide border with a depth of 1.5-2cm, and then the seeds are sown evenly in the furrows.
3. Field management
(1) When the rapeseed has 2 true leaves expanded, thinning can be carried out, and the distance between seedlings is 3-4cm.
(2) When the rapeseed has 4 leaves and 1 heart, the second thinning (seedling setting) must be carried out. The distance between seedlings is 8-10cm. Generally, about 40,000 seedlings per acre are needed.
(3) Rapeseed generally requires less water in the seedling stage. Under normal circumstances, if there is no drought, it is basically not necessary to water.
(4) After setting the seedlings, be sure to water the rapeseed 3-4 times during its growth period. Generally, watering can be done in the morning on a sunny day.
(5) About 15 days before harvest, fertilizer needs to be applied once. Generally, 20-25kg of urea or 20kg of ammonium sulfate can be applied per acre.
4. Cultivate soil, weed, and prevent frost damage.
(1) It can be combined with top dressing for cultivating, loosening and building soil. This can ensure root ventilation, help thicken the rhizosphere soil layer, absorb heat and increase temperature, enhance the anti-freeze ability of vegetable seedlings, and strengthen the soil. Permeability is conducive to fertilizer efficiency.
(2) Chemical agents can be used for weeding. When the weeds are in the 2-3 leaf stage, use 12.5% ??grass cover per acre with 40-50 ml of water mixed with 50-60 kg of water. Spray in the rows. On the weeds.
5. Apply bud moss fertilizer steadily and spray boron fertilizer to promote high yield
(1) Bud moss fertilizer can promote the stable growth of rapeseed spring growth and branch growth. If there are more trees, strive for more corners. You can fertilize rationally based on the characteristics of the seedlings and the temperature after the beginning of spring, based on the principles of early growth and stable growth, no premature senescence, and no greed for greenness and late maturity.
(2) For fields with insufficient fertilizer at the beginning of the season, poor growth, and a tendency to lose fertilizer, bud moss fertilizer must be applied early and heavily.
(3) For fields with heavy fertilizer application, large leaves, and a tendency to grow vigorously, try not to apply bud moss fertilizer or apply less fertilizer depending on the seedlings.
(4) Bud moss fertilizer is suitable for application when the moss is 10-15cm high, sooner rather than later.
(5) When fertilizing in late January or early February, you can generally use 800-1200 kg of pig manure per mu, add 5-6 kg of urea, and spray 0.2% borax per mu. 50 kg of solution.
4. Prevention and control of pests and diseases
(1) Diseases
①Types
Downy mildew, white mildew Diseases such as rust, sclerotinia, black spot, and damping-off are all common diseases in rapeseed.
② Prevention and control methods
⑴ Downy mildew can generally be treated with 40% Phytophthoralen wettable powder 200 times liquid, 25% metalaxyl wettable powder 800 times liquid and other agents. Prevention and treatment.
⑵ White rust can generally be controlled with 50% sterilizing wettable powder 800 times liquid, 50% thiram wettable powder 800 times liquid and other chemicals; during the flowering period, 40% sclerotia can generally be used Use 1,000-1,500 times of net wettable powder, or 2,000 times of 50% Sukelin wettable powder to prevent and treat Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
⑶ In the early stage of the onset of black spot disease, generally 65% ??carbendazim wettable powder 500-600 times the solution can be used for spray control.
⑷ Damping-off can generally be prevented and controlled by spraying 95% Hymexazine 4000 times solution or 72.2% Pulik Water 400 times solution.
(2) Pests
①Types
Aphids, diamondback moths, leafminers, cabbage mealybugs, cabbage bugs and other pests These are relatively common pests in rapeseed.
②Control methods
⑴Aphids can generally be controlled by spraying with 5% beta-cypermethrin 2000 times solution or 40% dimethoate 1000 times solution.
⑵ Diamond moth can be controlled with 2.5% dimethoate EC (20-40ml per acre); leaf miner can be controlled with 40% dimethoate EC 1000 times, or 50% dichlorvos EC 800 times. Liquid for prevention and treatment.
⑶Piaris cabbage can generally be controlled with 20% chloride emulsifiable concentrate 2500 times, or 5% Lefulin emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times, or 2.5% chlorfluuride colloidal suspension 1000 times.
⑷ Generally, before the 3rd instar of cabbage stink bug nymphs, 40% omethoate 50ml, or 80% dichlorvos 50ml, or 25% oxycyan 40ml, and 50kg of water can be sprayed evenly for control every 667 square meters.
2. In which months to plant rapeseed
1. The best planting time of rapeseed is generally around September to November. After planting, the bone is properly managed. Generally Harvesting can begin in May of next year. Some areas are suitable for spring sowing, planting around the end of April and harvesting in September. Rapeseed prefers a warm environment and has a certain degree of cold tolerance. In order to grow better, it can be topdressed regularly during the growing season and given sufficient light. This can promote its vigorous growth and produce higher yields in the later period.
2. The seeding rate of rapeseed is generally about 300-400 grams per mu. Based on this seeding rate, about 20,000-30,000 plants can be planted per mu. During the planting process, the fertility of the soil must be adjusted in time, and attention must be paid to ensure that the sowing is even and consistent, and no missed sowing occurs.
3. Rapeseed is more susceptible to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum during the flowering and fruiting stages. After the disease occurs, the plant leaves will turn yellow. In severe cases, it will directly affect the yield, so we must pay attention to prevention. Rapeseed seedlings can be transplanted when they are 30-35 days old and have about 6 leaves. When transplanting, they must be fertilized and soiled. About 7,000 plants per acre can be planted. This density is more reasonable and can Let rapeseed grow better.