Whole musk (hairy incense): spherical, oblate or persimmon shape, 3 to 7 cm in diameter. The open face is slightly flattened, densely gray or brown and short hairs, arranged in a whirlpool, the central pore (the mouth of the capsule) diameter of about 2 ~ 3 mm; after removing the hairs show brown leathery skin, the inner membrane is very thin. Dorsal surface (wrapped in the half of the musk abdomen) for a layer of slightly wrinkled and soft endothelium, brown slightly purple. Inside the capsule is the musk kernel. Soft, slightly elastic. Aroma. Dry body, yellow color, aroma is good. Musk kernel: the product for the musk capsule hidden in the loose musk. Fresh was a thick black-brown ointment, dry brownish-yellow powder, and there are different sizes of black block particles, commonly known as when the door, and mixed with fine hair and endothelial skin, etc.. Strong aroma, smell for a long time there is a foul odor, taste slightly bitter and slightly spicy. To kernel black, powder brownish-yellow (commonly known as the black son of yellow incense) aroma strong, rich in oil is good. Musk for precious herbs, easy to adulterate, Chinese medicine for its authenticity has a wealth of experience, choose a number of them are introduced as follows:

(1) hand test elasticity: the whole musk is solid, but rich in elasticity, hand pinch Microsoft, let go of the hand is still recovered. Check for foreign matter and dryness: can take a little musk kernel, placed in the palm of the hand with the finger friction, do not lose color, rubbing that is a ball, knead that is scattered, do not stick to the hand, and send out a strong aroma of the best.

(2) brazier insertion probe: to special brazier inserted into the capsule, the body to observe whether there is a foreign body against the needle, if not blocking the needle, astringent needle, fuzzy sub-eye, strong aroma, and no first after the first fade, it is the real thing.

(3) groove needle pumping test: the system has a groove of the nail, inserted by the opening of the capsule, four-way stirring pumping, take the groove to observe, there is a fine velvet white hairs, powder sub traces of clear, no sharp corners, natural laxity, fly maggot-like stacking attached to the generation of the true incense; particles of irregularity, sharp corners, no velvet, dry and lusterless forgeries.

(4) burning test: take a small amount of musk powder, placed on a metal vessel on the fire heating, the real burst, the aroma is strong and overflowing, burning oil points like beads, ash is grayish-white. If there is plant-based adulteration, fire that is burning smoke and no aroma oil point, the ashes were black-brown; if the Department of mineral adulteration is no oil point, the ashes were ochre; if there is animal adulteration, then fire bubbles such as blood clots bursting, no aroma, and there is a burnt gas, ash was purple or black.

(5) water test: take a small amount of musk, put into a bowl of boiling water, not immediately dissolved, and the water is still slightly yellow, clarified, and the water is still clear and odorless for real.

2. In the past, the following substances have been found to be mixed with musk: powdered lock yang, liver powder, dried blood, sheep dung, starch, catechu, iron, sand, etc.. The following methods can be identified:

(1) take a little powder, observed under the microscope, shall not show plant fibers and other plant tissues; otherwise, the lock yang or other plant substances or sheep dung and other adulteration of the disease.

(2) take a little powder and boil for a few moments, filtration, filtrate is divided into two, respectively, plus iodine solution and 5% ferric chloride solution, shall not be blue, blue-black or blue-green, or else starch, catechism and other adulteration of the evidence.

(3) take a little powder into the crucible burned, the ashes of the real product is white; such as red is dry blood or liver powder adulteration of the disease.

(4) according to the pharmacopoeia method of ash determination, the ash of the real product shall not exceed 8%, otherwise there is iron powder, sand and other inorganic evidence of adulteration.

2. Physical and chemical identification Take a small amount of powder, placed in the palm of the hand, moistened with water, rubbed with the hand can be formed into a ball, and then gently rubbed with the fingers that is scattered, should not stick to the hand, stained hand, top finger or lumps. Take the hair musk with a special groove needle inserted from the capsule hole, turn the grain outside, handful of musk kernel, immediately check the machine, the groove of musk kernel should be gradually swollen above the surface of the groove of the phenomenon, commonly known as the "bubbling groove". Take a small amount of musk kernel sprinkled in the blazing hot pot of burning, the first into the crack, then melted and swelled, blistering like a bead, strong aroma overflowing, there should be no hair, meat, burnt odor, no flames or sparks appeared. After ashing, the residue is white or off-white. Take fine powder, add antimony pentachloride *** research, the aroma disappeared, and then add a little ammonia *** research, the aroma is restored. Take a narrow strip of filter paper, suspended into the wood mouth ethanol extract. 1h after removing, drying, in the ultraviolet lamp (365μm) under the observation, the upper part of the bright yellow, the central part of the greenish-purple; sometimes the upper part and the central part of the bright yellow with greenish-yellow. Add 1% sodium hydroxide solution to become yellow. Take 2g of the powder, add 10g of diatomaceous earth, mix and study uniformly, placed in Soxhlet extractor, extracted with ether 200mL reflux 8h filtered, recovered solvent, add benzene 3mL dissolved, for the test, and the other musk sweet and cholesterol made of control solution. Separately absorb the above two solutions on the same piece of silica gel GFZ254 +366 plate, benzene as the unfolding agent, unfolding, ethanol spray with vanillin phosphate, baked at 105 ℃ for 5min, the test product should be the same color with the control product in the corresponding position on the spot.

Quality mark (Chinese people's **** and the National Pharmacopoeia) 1995 version of the provisions: the product shall not be detected animal and plant tissues, minerals and other adulterants. There shall be no mold. Loss on drying: Take 1g of the product, put it in phosphorus pentoxide dryer, dry it under reduced pressure until constant weight, and the weight loss shall not be more than 35.0%. Total ash: take 0.2g of the product to determine the total ash, according to the dry product, not more than 6.5%. The product to musk ketone as a control, determined by gas chromatography, calculated according to the dry product, containing musk ketone (C16H30O) shall not be less than 2.0%. Nasal smell

If the odor is not strong fragrance, or fishy, odor, it is necessary to identify forgery. Mouth taste

Mouth taste that there is a feeling of tongue piercing, and there is a cool taste directly to the root of the tongue, and the flavor is pure, the aroma is positive, no fishy odor. If the mouth taste is not piercing the tongue, not refreshing, the aroma is not pure, there is a fishy odor, it is necessary to identify the fake. Hand pinch

The hand pinch if Microsoft, elasticity and back to the hand feeling for the authentic, and vice versa for the fake. Burning

Place the aluminum foil on the heat of the fire, if there is a musk jumping, writhing, bursting or popping sound, and then melted up cloudy point like a bead, expanding bubbles, not a flame, no sparks for the genuine, and vice versa for the fake.