Ephedra often grows on hillsides, plains, dry wasteland, river beds and grasslands, and is distributed in areas with low humidity and little water. It often forms a large-scale simple community, which can survive at the extreme temperature of -3 1.6 ~ 42.6℃. It has the characteristics of heat-resistant plants and cold-resistant plants, and has a high survival probability in extreme habitat conditions. Ephedra sinica is suitable to grow in sandy soil, which is closely related to the distribution and growth of Ephedra sinica. The soil matrix layer of 0 ~ 20 cm topsoil is particularly important for the distribution and development of horizontal roots of ephedra, which grows well around pH.

It can be planted by seeds or propagated by plants.

1. Selection of improved varieties: Chinese medicinal ephedra 1 1 species. The main varieties in Hexi Corridor are ephedra, Casuarina equisetifolia, Casuarina equisetifolia and Ephedra membranaceus. Among them, ephedra has a large distribution area, high grade and good quality, and is the main acquisition target and cultivated variety of ephedra processing plants.

2. seedling raising? . It is difficult and expensive to collect ephedra seeds. Once the seedlings fail, the economic loss is huge, so the seedling raising work is very important. ?

(1) Selection of nursery? . Nursery should be located in a flat place with the leeward facing the sun. The soil should be sandy loam or clay loam with loose structure and good permeability. The PH value should be lower than 7.5, and the saline-alkali land must be avoided. ?

(2) Prepare the soil for the bed? . In order to improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and facilitate the extension of seedling roots, comprehensive soil preparation should be carried out in the autumn one year before sowing, and the ploughing depth should reach more than 25 cm. Before soil preparation, it should be mixed with carbodan and sprinkled on the paddy field. When ploughing, 2500-5000 kg of farm manure should be applied per mu. ?

Make a flat bed or a high bed according to soil and climate conditions. The height 15 cm, width 1 m and length of the high bed depend on the nursery, which is generally about1m. After the bed is made, water is poured enough for sowing. ?

(3) sowing. In order to prevent seedling blight, our seeds should be disinfected before sowing. The method is as follows: first, soak the seeds in Miaoling solution with a concentration of 200PPm for two hours, then take them out and dry them until they can be spread flat by hand, and then evenly mix them into the medicinal soil mixed with captan (the dosage of captan is 0.5% of the weight of the seeds, and the soil is 10- 15 times the weight of captan &; #4 1; The sowing amount is per mu 10- 15 kg. ?

It can also be soaked in 0.5% edible sugar solution for 24 hours, and then mixed with sand to accelerate germination. The mixing ratio of sand and seeds is 2: 1, and germination is accelerated for 2-3 days. When 1/3 seeds germinate, they can be planted. ?

Sowing time depends on the surface temperature. Generally, when the surface temperature reaches above 10℃, sowing can be carried out. Generally, drilling is adopted, with sowing width of 4-5 cm and spacing of 10 cm. Because the ability of ephedra seeds to be unearthed is weak, the composite soil must be thin, so the seeds should not be exposed, and should be slightly suppressed after the composite soil. ?

(4) seedling management? . Ephedra started to emerge 4-5 days after sowing, and it emerged in about 12 days. At the same time, always keep the soil moist and water it several times. It is usually enough to water it once every two days. After the seedlings come out, apply ferrous sulfate once with water. During the growth period, ferrous sulfate and nitrogen fertilizer are applied again, and the soil is loosened to weed for 2-3 times. Water should be controlled in August to facilitate squatting seedlings, and antifreeze water should be poured in mid-June at 5438+ 10. Ephedra can overwinter in the open air because of its cold tolerance. Ephedra seedlings are generally 2 years old. ?

3. Cultivation techniques? . Ephedra can be planted in spring and rainy season. But Tomb-Sweeping Day has the highest survival rate before and after planting. Ephedra can be planted in pieces, intercropped with fruit trees, interplanted with crops and planted on sandy soil, sandy loam and clay. ?

Before planting, fertilization can be carried out if conditions permit. Generally, the hole sowing method is adopted, each hole has 1-2 plants, and the planting depth should be 1-2cm in the soil. The plant spacing is 20× 30cm or 30× 30cm, and it is about 6000- 1 10,000 plants per mu. Water it in time after planting. ?

4. Intertillage weeding: Ephedra is a perennial plant, often accompanied by a variety of weeds competing with Ephedra for water and fertilizer, which has a great impact on the yield and alkali content of Ephedra. Therefore, it is necessary to weed in time in combination with intertillage, loosen the soil 3-5 times a year, and remove weeds 3-5 times in combination with loosening the soil.

Timely harvesting: Generally, Ephedra is in the vigorous growth period from May to June, and 9- 10 is the high-value period of ephedrine accumulation, and harvesting is not allowed in the high-value period. In the third year, the end of 10 or the beginning of 1 10 is suitable for direct broadcast of ephedra. It is best to harvest the regenerated plants after harvesting in rotation once every two years, and 3 cm reed heads should be reserved during harvesting to facilitate regeneration.

5. Timely harvesting: Generally, Ephedra is in the vigorous growth period from May to June, and September to 65438+1October is the high-value period of ephedrine accumulation, and harvesting is not allowed in the high-value period. In the third year, the end of 10 or the beginning of 1 10 is suitable for direct broadcast of ephedra. It is best to harvest the regenerated plants after harvesting in rotation once every two years, and 3 cm reed heads should be reserved during harvesting to facilitate regeneration.

6, pest control

① Rhizoctonia solani: Before sowing ephedra, disinfect the soil with ferrous sulfate 15kg per mu. After the seedlings come out, hairy microbial agents such as Actinomycetone thiram, Chlorothalonil 2787, Benomyl, Kangkuning or Mancozeb should be sprayed immediately. Spray once every two weeks, and whether to spray again in the future depends on the disease of the seedlings. At the same time, the amount and frequency of irrigation should be controlled in susceptible bags, and seedlings should not be raised in wet places with high or low groundwater level as far as possible.

② Sudden fall: spraying Bai Weiling, amylin and chlorpromazine is effective. For ephedra cataplexy, once in the early stage of onset and again two weeks later. If the disease spreads in a large area, spray it every 5 days.

③ Aphids: Insecticides should be used alternately in time during the occurrence period of ephedra aphids, and insecticides such as 50% acetaminophen 0,000 ~ 2,000 times or 40% omethoate EC 65,438+0,000 ~ 65,438+0,500 times or 20% fast killing EC 4,000 ~ 0,000 times can be sprayed.

(4) Cuscuta chinensis: Ephedra is a strongly positive plant, and the occurrence of weeds should be resolutely put an end to. For ephedra with only sporadic dodder parasitism, the host plants with dodder can be cut off with sickle or uprooted, and herbicides can be used to eliminate them in a large area if there is any harm.

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