Tangerine is orange, the difference between tangerine and orange is as follows:

I. Definition

Tangerine (English: Mandarin?orange; scientific name: Citrus reticulata) is a fruit of the genus Citrus in the family Rutaceae. "Tangerine" (jú) and "orange" (jú) are modern Chinese standardized characters, but "orange" for the meaning of tangerine, for the "tangerine "In some dialects of Guangdong, the two characters are used in the same way. In some dialects of Guangdong, the two characters are homophonic, and "tangerine" has also been used as the second simplified character for "orange". In Minnan, tangerine is called mandarin. The dialects of the Southwest Mandarin area call it "mandarin" or "mandarin".

The orange (scientific name: Citrus sinensis English: orange) is the fruit of the orange tree of the genus Citrus in the family Rutaceae, also known as the yellow fruit, citrus, golden ring, willow. Orange is a citrus fruit with high edible, medicinal value. The orange originated in Southeast Asia. The orange tree is a small tree. The fruit can be peeled and eaten fresh for its pulp, which can be used as a seasoning or addition to other foods.

Two, origin

Oranges originated in China, thousands of years of cultivation history can not say the exact location. By the Arabs spread throughout Eurasia, orange in the Netherlands, Germany are still called "Chinese apple". China is one of the important origin of orange fruit, citrus resources, excellent varieties, there are more than 4000 years of cultivation history. According to evidence, until 1471 A.D., tangerines, mandarins, oranges and other citrus fruit trees from China to Portugal, 1665 A.D. was introduced to the United States.

Oranges have a long history of cultivation, to its rind contains aromatic odor, the ancients used it as a fragrant substitute. Hunan Province, Changsha suburb of Mawangdui unearthed in the Western Han Dynasty tomb artifacts in the seeds of this genus. The seeds, which are believed to be those of the orange - thicker and slightly angular, with a grayish-black color - are thought to have been one of the materials used as incense to accompany burials and to preserve the integrity of the body. Those seeds, along with other items of their kind, were placed on the west side of the casket cavity, while food items were placed on the east side.?

Three, the growing environment

Orange fruit tree growth and development, flowering and fruiting and temperature, sunshine, water (humidity), soil, and wind, altitude, topography and slope direction and other environmental conditions are closely related to these conditions have the greatest impact is the temperature. Even if the difference of 0.5 ℃ temperature sometimes appear very different results. Orange fruit growth and development requires temperatures of 12.5 to 37°C. Flower bud differentiation in the fall requires day and night temperatures of about 20 ℃ and 10 ℃, respectively, and the soil temperature for root growth is roughly the same as that of the ground. Too low a temperature will make the orange fruit frozen, sweet orange -4 ℃, Wenzhou mandarin -5 ℃ will make the branches and leaves frozen, sweet orange -5 ℃ or less, Wenzhou mandarin -6 ℃ or less will be frostbitten large branches and branches, sweet orange -6.5 ℃ or less, Wenzhou mandarin -9 ℃ or less will make the plant freeze to death.

Orange growth and development, flowering and fruiting and temperature, sunshine, water (humidity), soil, and wind, altitude, topography and slope direction and other environmental conditions are closely related to these conditions have the greatest impact on the number of temperature. Even a difference in temperature of ℃ can sometimes lead to very different results. The optimum temperature for orange growth is ～37℃. Fall bud differentiation, the requirements of day and night temperatures of about 20 ℃ and 10 ℃, respectively, too low a temperature will make the orange frozen. In addition, oranges are shade-tolerant tree species, but still need good sunshine for high quality and abundant production. General annual sunshine hours of 1200 to 2200 hours of the region can grow normally.

Four, morphological characteristics

Orange

Orange tree is more branched, branch extension or slightly pendulous, less spiny. Single compound leaves . Winged leaves usually narrow, or only traced, blades lanceolate. Elliptic or broadly ovate, highly variable in size. Apical part often notched, midvein forked and branched from base to near notch, leaf margin usually with obtuse or crenate teeth at least in upper part, rarely entire.

Flowers solitary or in clusters of 2-3, cao irregularly 5-3-lobed, petals usually up to 1.5 cm long, 20-25 stamens, style slender, stigma capitate. The flowers of citrus are mixed, with organs such as branches, leaves and flowers after germination, and there are two kinds of flowers: red oranges, Wenzhou mandarin oranges, etc. are single-flowered, sweet oranges, lemons, grapefruits, etc. have inflorescences in addition to single-flowered, and grapefruits are predominantly inflorescences. Citrus usually need to be pollinated and fertilized before fruiting, but Wenzhou mandarin orange, navel orange, etc. without fertilization can also be fruiting, which is unisexual fruiting, also known as unisexual fruiting.

The fruit is variously shaped, usually oblate to subglobose, with a very thin and smooth rind, or thick and rough, pale yellow, vermilion or deep red, very easy or slightly easy to peel, with many or few orange rings, reticulate and easy to separate, usually tender, with a large and often empty center column. Sparsely congested, floating capsule 7-14-valved. Sparse more numerous. Sac wall thin or slightly thick, tender or rather tough, pulp sour or sweet, or with another peculiar odor, seeds more or less numerous. Seeds more or less numerous. Usually ovate, narrowly pointed apically, rounded basally, cotyledons dark green, light green, or interspersed with nearly milky white, polyembryonic, rarely monoembryonic. Fl. April-May, fr. Oct-Dec.

Orange

The orange tree is a small tree, usually with thick long thorns, new shoots and young petioles are often sparsely short hairs. Leaves thickly papery, winged leaves obovate-elliptic, 1-2.5 cm long, 0.4-1.5 cm wide, rounded or obtuse apically, tapering cuneate toward the base, blades ovate or lanceolate, large up to 8 cm long, 4 cm wide, small 2.5 cm long, about 1 cm wide, tapering apically or mucronate apically, often obtuse and notched, rounded or obtuse basally, the leaf margins are finely lobed with teeth on the upper flat segments, sparsely nearly entire.

Flowers solitary in leaf axils, pendulous, pedicels short; calyx cup-shaped, 5-4-lobed, lobes broadly ovate, pointed; petals white, sometimes abaxially light purplish-red, 1-1.3 cm long; 20-25 stamens; style ca. 2x as long as ovary, stigma several times as large as ovary.

Fruit compressed round or nearly pear-shaped, varying in size, large diameter up to 8 cm, small about 4 cm, fruit apex with ring-like protrusions and shallow radial grooves, the tip of the radial grooves sometimes, pericarp rough, concave point uniformity, oil cell large, skin thickness 2-4 mm, yellowish, easier to peel, sarcocarp sacs 9-11 petals, the sac wall is thick and tough, the pulp yellowish-white, taste is very acidic, often have a bitter taste or odor; seeds as many as 40 Seeds up to 40, broadly ovate, full, smooth, cotyledons milky white, simple or polyembryonic. Flowering April-May, fruiting October-November.

V. Distribution range

Tangerine

Chinese mandarin oranges are distributed in the latitude of 16 ° ~ 37 ° north, the highest altitude up to 2600 meters (Batang, Sichuan Province), from Sanya City, Hainan Province in the south, the north to the Shaanxi Province, Gan, Henan, Taiwan Province in the east, and the west to the Yaluzangbu Grand Canyon in Tibet. However, the economic cultivation area of Chinese citrus is mainly concentrated between 20° and 33° north latitude, at an altitude of 700-1000 meters below. Produced south of the south slope of the Qinling Mountains, the south slope of the Fuyushan Mountains and the southern part of the Dabie mountainous area, southeast to Taiwan, south to Hainan Island, southwest to the lower elevation areas of southeastern Tibet.

Hardiness zone 9 to 11. National production of citrus, including Taiwan Province, including 19 provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions). Among them, the main citrus producers are Zhejiang Taizhou, Fujian, Hunan, Sichuan, Guangxi, Hubei, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Chongqing and Taiwan and other 10 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions), followed by Shanghai, Guizhou, Yunnan, Jiangsu and other provinces (municipalities), Shaanxi, Henan, Hainan, Anhui and Gansu and other provinces are also planted. There are 985 counties (cities and districts) that plant oranges nationwide.

Oranges

Gansu, southern Shaanxi two provinces, Jiangxi Gannan, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong and northeastern Yunnan alpine areas, wild and cultivated.

References

Baidu Encyclopedia - Tangerine Baidu Encyclopedia - Orange