The general family of hermit crabs includes the family of hermit crabs, hermit crabs, stone crabs, and so on, and the common ones, such as the large hermit crabs (square-wristed hermit crabs), are very large, with the length of the large chelipeds exceeding 10 centimeters, and the two chelipeds have many spiny projections on the surface and margins, and there are spines on the stepping feet. The general family of terrestrial hermit crabs includes the living frontal hermit crab family, the terrestrial hermit crab family, the cheliped hermit crab family, and so on, and the common ones are the Ai's living frontal hermit crabs and the lower teeth fine cheliped hermit crabs. There are nearly 1,000 known species in the world and about 100 species in China. Most of them are warm-water species, and there are a few cold-water species in the Yellow Sea.
With the exception of a few species, hermit crabs generally have an asymmetrical body, a soft abdomen, and can be curled up in a snail's shell (see figure). The caudal segment is also often asymmetrical. The base of the eyestalk has an ocular scale. The 1st antennal peduncle is often folded, and the 2nd antennal peduncle has a spine at its base. The basal segments of the 3rd pair of palpophores are either adjacent to each other or separated from each other. Chelicerae are a pair of strong chelicerae, used for feeding on enemies. The first and second pairs of footsteps are longer, and the third and fourth pairs of footsteps are generally very small, with horny mattresses, which can support the inner wall of the conch shell and stabilize the body. The male reproductive pore opens at the basal segment of the 4th (last) pair of legs. The female genital pore opens at the basal segment of the second pair of pedipalps. Ventral limbs are reduced, more often than not paired on both sides, and often only present on one side. Females are more developed for egg-holding. The left side of the caudal limb and caudal segment is often more developed than the right side, with a rough cuticular mattress. This specialized tail fan is used to hook the inside of the conch shell from being pulled out. As the body grows, it can readily switch to a larger, empty conch shell. Species living in the intertidal zone are often active, while those in the deep sea are more sluggish. Feeds on small or dead animals. Terrestrial species are omnivorous. Males are often larger than females. In order to compete for females, the two males often fight each other. Usually in the seashore or shallow water crawling, in case of danger, that is shrunk into the shell, and with the chelicerae to plug the mouth of the snail. A few burrowing or parasitic in the horn shells and worms straight tube species, the abdomen does not bend. Hermit crabs often live with other animals ****, such as Ai's living forehead hermit crab chelae often bearing anemones, and some hermit crabs, hermit in the sponges or coelenterata, because these two types of animals can continue to grow, so the hermit crabs can be often do not have to change to a new home. Large hermit crabs can be eaten, especially the meat of the large chelae is very tasty. Smaller ones can be used as poultry feed or hook bait. The hermit crabs can be used as traditional Chinese medicine.
The lower teeth of the fine cheliped hermit crab in the cheliped long section of the inner edge of the bottom of a row of teeth, the rear end of a tooth is very large. It is capable of making friction sounds. The highest density of hermit crabs is often in the upper intertidal zone of coral reefs, turning over the rocks in the stagnant water, you can often find a lot of light palm hard shell hermit crabs and fine cheliped hermit crabs, and they are fast, they will quickly escape to hide. In addition, due to the mild ecological conditions inside the tide pools, they are not subject to the impact of waves and can retain water during low tide, so most of the hermit crabs will gather at the edge of the tide pools or under the rocks in the pools. The tide pools at the high tide line of the coral reefs in Orchid Island are very hot due to sunlight exposure, and the salinity varies a lot, but they are inhabited by Serratia hard-shelled hermit crabs and Photorhabditis hard-shelled hermit crabs. In terms of vertical distribution, land hermit crabs inhabited only the seashore wetlands, fine cheliped hermit crabs inhabited only the high intertidal zone, hard-shelled hermit crabs distributed throughout the intertidal zone and shallow subtidal zone, and true hermit crabs were widely distributed in the intertidal zone, shallow subtidal zone, and shallow waters. Take the more carefully studied hard-shelled hermit crabs in Taiwan as an example, this genus of hermit crabs is widely distributed in the intertidal and subtidal zones of the tropics and subtropics, especially coral reefs and rocky platforms, and they are the dominant species on most of the hard coasts, and they are also easy to be found in the seashore of Taiwan. The habitat range of different hard-shelled hermit crabs is not the same. Some species occur only in the intertidal zone, e.g., the Palmer's hard-shelled hermit crab and the Searle's hard-shelled hermit crab; others are often found in the shallow subtidal zone, e.g., the Geiger's hard-shelled hermit crab, the Guam hard-shelled hermit crab, and the minute hard-shelled hermit crab; however, some species can be found in both the intertidal zone and the subtidal zone, e.g., the Cryptomeria hard-shelled hermit crab; and some other rare species are found on the bottom below the shallow subtidal zone. below the shallow subtidal zone, such as the linear-footed hard-shelled hermit crab and the graceful hard-shelled hermit crab. Most hard-shelled hermit crabs are inactive, often hanging upside down from rocks or on steep slopes, and in the shallow subtidal zone they tend to congregate at the tops of coral branches. When a hard-shelled hermit crab senses disturbance, it will immediately retreat into its shell and drop deeper into the branches, making it difficult for enemies to catch it, and this is a very effective enemy avoidance behavior. Any situation where two organisms live together asdasdasdasd is called ****breeding. The shell carried by the hermit crab is a good hard substrate for benthic organisms, on which a very large number of organisms live with it ****. The cnidarians (especially anemones and hydrozoans) are the larger and more well-studied ones. Most hermit crabs do not have absolute, one-to-one relationships with cnidarians; most relationships are mutually beneficial, with the cnidocytes of the anemones providing some protection to the crab, and the anemones providing a hard substrate for perching on the shell, and detritus when the crab feeds. Hydrozoans also provide some protection to hermit crabs and prevent colonization of the shell by other large, harmful epiphytes; in addition to access to detritus, hydrozoans can avoid submersion in the substrate, and even promote sexual reproduction when hermit crabs congregate. Both may take the initiative in establishing a ****trophic relationship between the hermit crab and the anemone, depending on the species. Both have a set course of behavior that completes the relationship or can be artificially triggered. Hermit crabs will position anemones on their shells to gain balance in their center of gravity or as an effective defense against enemies. In the absence of a predator, hermit crabs gradually lose their anemone-acquisition behavior, but when a predator is present, the behavior resumes immediately. Advantageous individuals can take anemones, a resource, from disadvantaged individuals. The house of the hermit crab is the conch shell, and when the hermit crab grows up and must find a suitable house for itself, it attacks the conch, killing and tearing it apart. Then, burrowing in, it hooks its tail to the top of the conch shell, a few short legs hold up the inner wall of the conch shell, and the long legs reach outside the shell and crawl around, guarding the mouth of the shell with its large chelipeds. In this way, it moves into a new home. Hermit Crabs - Distinguishing Sea-dwelling Hermit Crabs from Land-dwelling Hermit Crabs First of all, as to where they are found, sea-dwelling hermit crabs are usually found in the ocean or in the shallow waters of beach reefs, while land-dwelling hermit crabs are found inland, such as along the coasts of beaches. Secondly, the size of the two pairs of chelicerae, the left chelicerae of land hermit crabs are larger than the right chelicerae, while this is not necessarily the case for marine hermit crabs. The chelicerae of marine hermit crabs can be the same size, or the right chelicerae can be larger than the left, or the left sting can be larger than the right. In addition, except for the short-fisted hermit crab and the Cyrillus hermit crab, which have round eyes, the eyes of all other species of hermit crabs are quadrangular in shape. The eyes of marine hermit crabs are rounded. Hermit Crab - Land Hermit Crab The Land Hermit Crab, also known as Land Hermit Crab (scientific name Coenobita/commonly known as Land Hermit Crab), as its name suggests, does not live in the sea but on land. It is said that land hermit crabs ascended to land from the sea about 23 million years ago, after which their abdominal membranes were textured and their skin evolved to absorb acid in the air, and they adapted to life on land. The classification of land hermit crabs is as follows:
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
The most common species in the world are the hermit crabs. Crustacea
Order: Decapoda
Suborder: Pleocyemata
Infraorder: Anomala
Family: Crabidae
Family: Crabidae
Genus: Land hermit crabs (Coenobita)
Species: Refer to Species Introduction for species introduction
1. Coenobita cavipes (C. cavipes) Stimpson, 1838 (concave-legged land Coenobita cavipes (C. cavipes) Stimpson, 1838 (concave-footed land hermit crab)
2. Coenobita brevimanus (C. brevimanus) Dana, 1852 (short-fisted land hermit crab)
3. Coenobita perlatus (C. perlatus) H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (orange-red land hermit crab)
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4. Coenobita rugosus (C. rugosus) H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (grayish-white land hermit crab)
5. Coenobita purpureus (C. purpureus) Stimpson, 1838 (purple land hermit crab)
6. Coenobita violascens (C. violascens) Heller, 1852 (deep purple land hermit crab)
7. Coenobita clypeatus (C. clypeatus) Herbst, 1791 (Siberian land hermit crab)
8. Coenobita variabilis (C. variabilis) McCulloch, 1909 (Australian land hermit crab)
9. Coenobita compressus (C. compressus) H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Ecuadorian land hermit crab)
1. Coenobita spinosus (C. spinosus) H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Spiny-footed land hermit crab)
11.Coenobita scaevola (C. scaevola) Forskal, 1775
12. Coenobita olivieri (C. olivieri ) Owen, 1839)
13.Coenobita carnescens (C. carnescens ) Dana, 1851
14.Coenobita pseudorugosus (C. pseudorugosus/Philippilippus)
15. Coenobita pseudorugosus (C. pseudorugosus/Philippine Land Hermit Crab) Nakasone, 1988
(Red Sun Land Hermit Crab)
15.Coenobita rubescens (C. rubescens/Nigerian Land Hermit Crab ) Greeff
16.Coenobita longitarsis (C. longitarsis) de Man.
17.Birgus latro Linnaeus, 1767 (Coconut Crab) However, five of these species have only their names and no other data are available. Nine species of land hermit crabs are now widely kept in the United States, Australia, Japan and Taiwan. The following species introduction introduces each species by body color, body features, body size, etc. We hope that you can have a better understanding of the characteristics of each species. The habitat of each species of land hermit crabs is different, in terms of habitat can be divided into three broad categories:
1) species that live near the coast and are highly dependent on seawater - orange-red land, deep purple land, Ecuadorian
2) species that go in and out of the inland, basically relying on freshwater only to live in the species - concave footed land, short wristed land, Siberian
3) species that are in between - gray-white land, short-wristed land, and white-white land - the most popular species in the world. The species in between - gray and white land, purple land - the main points to look for in distinguishing each species are:
1. whether there are articulators on the left chelicerae
2. whether there are bristles on the stingers
3. the caudal segment of the left third thoracic peduncle
4. the shape of the male's genitals Hermit Crab - Wrinkled Hermit Crab Wrinkled Hermit Crab ( Tawny Hermit Crab)
Scientific name: Coenobita rugosus
Origin: East coast of Africa to South Pacific countries
Habitat: Coastal areas
Body length: 6-11 centimeters
Seasonable temperature: 23-28 degrees C. The Wrinkled Hermit Crab is one of the three native species in Taiwan. They are also one of the three native hermit crabs in Taiwan, and their body color variations are even greater than those of the concave-footed hermit crabs. The most important feature is that their chelipeds and gaiters are long and slender. There is very little difference in the size of the two chelipeds. The wrinkled hermit crab can be considered one of the most interactive of the pet hermit crabs and is therefore the most popular among owners. They are not only active and bold, but also like to climb, are very receptive to being picked up by their owners, and like to change their shells, and on the whole, they seem to have a relatively high IQ. Therefore, they will be more fun to keep.
The artificial environment and food for keeping wrinkled hermit crabs is the same as that of the concave-footed hermit crabs, and you can also use bark chips or cultured soil as the substrate, and fresh water and seawater should be supplied at any time. Both fresh and salt water should be available at all times, especially when they are first purchased. They are also suitable for group or mixed culture, and since they like to climb, you can arrange some rocks or sunken wood for them to climb high.
Wrinkled hermit crabs are also typical nocturnal crabs and usually feed at night, so evening is a good time to feed them. They are also probably the most adaptable to artificial environments among the three species of land hermit crabs in Taiwan. If you are interested in keeping hermit crabs, you may want to start with wrinkled hermit crabs. Strawberry Hermit Crab Strawberry Hermit Crab (Pearl Hermit Crab)
Scientific Name: Coenobita perlatus
Origin: Indian Ocean to South Pacific countries
Habitat: Coastal areas
Body Length: 5-10 centimeters
Temperature: 21-27 degrees Celsius
Temperature: 21-27 degrees Celsius
Temperature: 21-27 degrees Celsius
Temperature: 21-27 degrees Celsius Temperature: 21-27 degrees Celsius The distribution area of the strawberry hermit crab is very wide, extending from Madagascar in the Indian Ocean through Indonesia to Samoa in the Pacific Ocean southeast of Australia. This vast area also covers the tropical waters between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Cancer. Taiwan is also in this area, so it is also distributed. They are the most beautiful and easy to distinguish among the hermit crabs, because they are bright red with white spots, almost like strawberries in disguise, so they are called strawberry hermit crabs abroad. Taiwan's Dr. Shi Xi-de calls them pearl hermit crabs.
While hermit crabs can live on land, their umbilical cord with the sea has not been severed because part of their life cycle must be completed in the sea, that is, from spawning to hatching and then to the juvenile stage. So throughout their lives, strawberry hermit crabs will not and cannot live away from the coast. When they are kept, they must be provided with both fresh water and seawater for them to drink.
The artificial environment is best suited for them to have easy access to fine coral sand or crushed coral, and the basic setup is completed by building a shelter with dead tree bark and putting in a shallow dish of fresh water and a shallow dish of seawater. The seawater can be made by yourself with artificial seawater which is available in marine fish stores. The lungs of hermit crabs need proper humidity to complete respiration, so water is absolutely indispensable, especially seawater is the key to keeping hermit crabs well. Never keep land hermit crabs in water, they will drown. Other than that, strawberry hermit crabs are easy to take care of on a daily basis.
They are scavengers, which means they will accept almost anything they can eat. Any feed, fruits and vegetables, rice, dead fish or shrimp will be fine with them. But strawberry hermit crabs are different from other hermit crabs in that they need regular carotenoid supplements to maintain their vibrant body color. Otherwise the red color fades. The best sources of carotenoids are shrimp or color-enhancing feeds for red tropical fish. They also have a tendency to live in groups, so individuals kept alone will not adapt as well as those kept in groups.
Strawberry hermit crabs need to shed their skins like any other crab, but they also need to change their shells. When the hermit crab sheds its shell, it usually digs into the bottom sand and buries itself, which needs to be kept moist, and it takes about ten days for the peeled hermit to harden. Injured and broken limbs usually regenerate after shedding. As for shell changing, this is one of the unique pleasures of keeping hermit crabs, which must constantly change to larger shells as they grow. So you should have several shells of different sizes for them to change into. Stores that sell hermit crabs also sell a variety of rare shells. These shells are often polished and very shiny. Many owners also use their imagination to paint the shells to give their hermit crabs a unique and personalized shell.
The unique reproductive pattern of hermit crabs makes it unlikely that they can reproduce in captivity. The biggest difference between male and female hermit crabs is that the male reproductive pore opens at the lumbar segment of the fifth pair of thoracic legs, while the female reproductive pore is located in the fourth pair of thoracic legs. The male deposits his spermatophore in the female during mating, and the female fertilizes her eggs when she lays them. Approximately 10-50,000 eggs are laid at a time. The female will hold the fertilized eggs on her abdomen with her swimming legs for a period of time. When the eggs have reached a certain level of development, the female will bring the eggs to the shore and discharge them, allowing them to follow the waves into the sea to hatch into plankton, which will evolve into juvenile crabs after a number of shedding cycles in the sea before coming ashore to find a shell to live in and settle down on the land.
General strawberry hermit crab wild individuals can survive 25-30 years, but in artificial environment usually can only survive for 2-4 years, which should be detached from the sea has a lot to do with. If an intertidal environment that is half land and half sea can be arranged, it should allow them to live better and longer. There should be a high percentage of people who have kept hermit crabs in Taiwan, but not many people really know how to keep them or keep them as pets. Maybe nowadays, when keeping hermit crabs has been specialized, we can explore the fun of keeping hermit crabs once again. Hermit Crab Concave Hermit Crab Concave Hermit Crab
Scientific Name: Coenobita cavipes
Origin: East coast of Africa to the Ryukyu Islands
Habitat: Coastal areas
Body Length: 5-10 centimeters in total length
Seasonable Temperature: 21-27 degrees C. Concave Hermit Crab
The most notable feature of the hermit crab is that it is a small crab with a large number of legs. The most noticeable feature of hermit crabs is their pair of bright red tentacles. Their body color varies from dark red to grayish brown or a mixture of colors, but their tentacles are usually red. Their eyestalks have a slight curvature that is not found in other hermit crabs. Habitat crabs are shy or typically nocturnal, so they often hide in the substrate and come out at night to feed.
The artificial environment and food for keeping Haplopoda hermit crabs are the same as those for Short Palm hermit crabs, but you can also use bark chips as the substrate, and both fresh water and seawater should be available at all times. Both fresh and salt water should be available at all times, especially when they are bought, as they will be immersed in salt water for several hours. They are also suitable for grouping or mixing, but a few individuals can be aggressive, but usually without serious consequences.
Hermit crabs with concave feet are also native to Taiwan, and are common along the southern coast, usually in groups along the shoreline. Take a closer look when you pick up shells, there might be a hermit crab living inside. Hermit Crab - Purple Land Hermit Crab Scientific Name: Coenobita purpureus
Origin: A species unique to Japan. Ogasawara Island, south of Kagoshima.
Habitat: Coastal areas
Body color: violet-blue, purple, blue
Characteristics and brief description:
Eyes are quadrangular. Very similar to the gray and white land hermit crab except for body color. The joints of chelicerae and thoracic peduncles are distinctly yellowish brown. The dorsal side of the left cheliped is lined with diagonal rows of particles, which make a "squeaking" sound. The purple land hermit crab is milky white when it is young, but as it grows, the purple coloration gradually increases, and eventually the body turns completely purple. Hermit Crab Indonesian Hermit Crab
Scientific Name: Coenobita brevimanus
Origin: Indian Ocean to South Pacific countries
Habitat: Coastal areas
Body Length: 5-10 centimeters
Seasonal Temperature: 21-27 degrees Celsius
Temperature range. 21-27 degrees Celsius The distribution area of the short-palmed hermit crab is similar to that of the general hermit crab, which is distributed in the vast area stretching from the Indian Ocean to the South Pacific Ocean. There is also a large population in Taiwan. Their greatest characteristic is that their drought tolerance is higher than other hermit crabs, second only to the coconut crab. They also have an extra-large purple left cheliped, round eyes and dark-colored antennae, making them easily distinguishable from other Taiwanese hermit crabs.
The artificial environment for keeping short-palmed hermit crabs is similar to that of strawberry hermit crabs, and is best suited for them if you can get easy access to fine coral sand or crushed coral, and use dead tree bark to make a shelter, and then put in a shallow dish of fresh water and a shallow dish of seawater to complete the basic setup. Other equipment can be added according to personal preference. Of course, it would be ideal to prepare a few more empty shells of different sizes for them to change at any time. The lungs of hermit crabs need proper humidity to complete the respiration, so water is absolutely indispensable, especially seawater is the key to keep hermit crabs well. Never keep land hermit crabs in water, they will drown. Short Palm hermit crabs don't like too much humidity, so keeping the substrate dry will be more suitable for their habits.
They are also scavengers and will accept almost anything they can eat. Any feed, fruits, vegetables, rice, dead fish or shrimp will be accepted. In addition, they have a gentle personality, so there is usually no fighting when they are mixed with other species. Their peeling habit is also the same as other hermit crabs, they will burrow into the substrate to peel off their skin, and only reappear after peeling off their skin.
The unique reproductive pattern of hermit crabs makes it unlikely that they will reproduce in captivity. The biggest difference between male and female hermit crabs is that the male reproductive pore opens at the lumbar segment of the fifth pair of thoracic legs, while the female reproductive pore is located in the fourth pair of thoracic legs. The male deposits his spermatophore in the female during mating, and the female fertilizes the eggs when she lays them. Tens of thousands of eggs are laid at a time. The female will hold the fertilized eggs in her abdomen with her swimming limbs and incubate them for a period of time, then she will bring the eggs to the shore and discharge them, allowing them to hatch in the sea with the waves as plankton, and then they will come ashore after many times of shedding their skins to evolve into juvenile crabs, which will then settle on land and start a terrestrial life after they find shells to live in.
Short-palmed hermit crabs are also very common in Taiwan, but most of them are juveniles, and sub-adults or adults are rare, mainly imported from Southeast Asia. But because hermit crabs are not difficult to raise, as long as you know the right way to raise the hatchlings is not a difficult thing. At least it is easier than raising reptiles. Hermit Crab-References This is all the information about Hermit Crab