All kinds of buildings are relatively concentrated and clustered. Large financial buildings are mainly concentrated in Jiefang North Road, which is called "Oriental Wall Street". Modern commercial buildings are mainly concentrated in Heping Road, while China commercial buildings are mainly concentrated in Yuyi Street and Guwen Street. Residential historical buildings are mainly concentrated in the original concession of Gong Yi and Jianguo Road in Hebei District. The original German concession of Dayingmen and Xiawafang in Hexi District; Heping District, Fifth Avenue Scenic Area and Central Garden.
The design concept and application technology of planned architecture are in step with western society. Mainly reflected in:
-Reasonable planning mode:1920s, when the British "Garden City" planning theory prevailed, the British Concession New Area (now Fifth Avenue area) was basically planned and constructed according to this theory, thus forming a high-level residential area with complete public facilities, pleasant spatial scale and comfortable living environment. For example, in order to ensure the environmental quality of residential areas, there is no commercial center and public transport such as trams are forbidden to enter, so the roads in this area are small in scale and pleasant in scale.
-Perfect public facilities and indoor facilities: the construction of various concessions pays attention to land consolidation and road construction, and builds perfect municipal facilities, such as street lamps, greening and water supply and drainage facilities. Another example is that the introduction and popularization of flush toilets in houses have improved the living environment and improved the sanitary level.
-Advanced real estate development concepts: Western real estate development concepts and models have been introduced into the construction of various concessions. For example, in the British and French Concession, the plot was divided into four squares and surrounded by roads, which was beneficial to the land transfer by stages.
-Modern life style and urban space: the construction of various concessions introduced the modern life style of the West, such as the family life style centered on residence, restaurants and dance halls, the social life style centered on parks, churches and city halls, and the modern transportation mode of trams and cars. These open lifestyles are quite different from the closed traditional ways in China, and they also bring quite different urban spaces.
There are various architectural styles and architectural arts. Influenced by western architectural thoughts at that time, different architectural styles such as classicism, eclecticism and modernism were formed. They complement China's traditional architectural art, and together form Tianjin's unique and rich urban space and landscape.
The third part of Tianjin Xiaoyanglou is the business circle. There are two business districts, one is Xiaobailou and the other is Quanyechang. Xiaobailou is located in the former American Concession (1902 later merged into the British Concession). Because there were some foreigners who opened up the concession in the early days, various shops of foreigners appeared and gradually created a business district. Nowadays, on the external walls of some shops in Xiaobailou, English shop names or advertisements that have lasted for a long time can often be seen vaguely. Xiaobailou business circle appears in front and Quanyechang business circle appears behind. It is located at the western end of the former French Concession. Since the 1920s and 1930s, many new commercial buildings have mushroomed. Such as Quanyechang (1929), Zhonghui Hotel (1930), Jiaotong Hotel (193 1), Bohai Building (1934), etc. There are not only many department stores, but also multifunctional giant buildings integrating shops, hotels, restaurants and entertainment industries. This commercial facility and business form, which just became popular in the West in the 1920s and 1930s, entered Tianjin on a large scale at the same time, which not only pushed Tianjin to the forefront of modern China, but also influenced the local people's life concept and way in a brand-new way, just like the imported supermarkets after the reform and opening up. The residents of Fifth Avenue were the first to accept this way. Quanyechang business circle is not only a shopping center, but also a place for Fifth Avenue residents to carry out various social activities, so the residential area of Fifth Avenue is closely integrated with Jiefang Road, Xiaobailou office area and Quanyechang business circle, and Tianjin is therefore "foreign". The modern image of Greater Tianjin is thus produced.
Tianjin Quanyechang is located at the intersection of Heping Road and binjiang road in Heping District. Built in 1928. It was built for Gaoxing Bridge and designed by French engineer Muir. It belongs to an eclectic architectural form. The building area is 2 1 1,000 square meters. The main body has five floors and the corner has seven floors, which is a reinforced concrete frame structure. 192865438+February 12 opened, and the golden signboard of "Tianjin Ye Quan Shopping Mall" inscribed by the famous calligrapher Hua Shikui hung high in the venue. Persuade family members to be diligent in business development and add new banners is the purpose. The word "persuade business mall" is composed of the first few words of these four sentences.
The building area of Tianjin Quanyechang was originally 1.65 million square meters. After many renovations, the building area is now 29,600 square meters, which is a large-scale comprehensive open shopping mall.
1926 At the beginning of the establishment of Tianjin Quanyechang, Gaoxing Bridge was designed by French engineers, and its architectural style was obviously influenced by eclectic architectural forms. The main body has five floors and the corner has seven floors, which is a reinforced concrete frame structure. There is a towering tower above the seventh floor, which consists of two hexagonal towers, two circular towers and a dome-shaped tower top, decorated with flagpoles and lightning rods. The whole building looks majestic and tall.
On the facade, there is a circle of reinforced concrete overhangs above the street display window on the first floor, and there is a big arch coupon at the entrance of the shopping mall, which is connected with the overhangs on both sides. The top and front of the arch coupon are decorated with exquisite patterns. The balcony is designed to be convex and concave, and the convex and concave balcony is supported by a bracket. Concave balcony with colonnade on both sides and Aquarius railing in the middle. There is a three-bay balcony at the corner of the fifth floor, and the cantilever beam is also in the shape of a bracket. The fifth and seventh floors are semi-circular arched window coupons, which are divided into three arches and double arches to increase the decorative effect of the facade.
Inside the mall is a hollow cloister. There is a bridge in the middle, and two two-way stairs are set on both sides of the bridge. There are four stairs and five elevators in the four corners of the venue to communicate vertical traffic. There are also two steel Taiping stairs in the alley on the north side. The traffic in the venue is very smooth.
The hollow part of the roof is a stepped reinforced concrete flat roof with three skylights, which is convenient for natural lighting and ventilation. The surrounding part of the roof is a roof garden, that is, the "Tianwaitian" playground. The foundation of the whole Quanyechang building is reinforced concrete with plum blossom piles.
The former Zhejiang Industrial Bank Building was built in 192 1, which is an important historical witness of the national financial capital. Designed by Mr. Shen Liyuan, a famous early architect in China in modern times, who founded the Department of Architecture of Tianjin Industrial and Commercial University and was a pioneer of architectural education in China, the exterior of the building adopts strict western classical style, and the interior of the business hall also adopts western classical decoration style, with ancient Chinese coins as decorative patterns, which makes a useful attempt to reflect national style and cultural interest. It is one of the few excellent modern buildings designed by China architects in China, with high historical and artistic value.
Gothic-Bohai Building: Located on Heping Road. Before liberation, it belonged to the French Concession. This 48.2-meter-high building was once the tallest building in Tianjin. 1933 was designed by French businessman Yonghe Construction Company and built by German comprador Happiness Bridge. After the completion of 1935, it was managed by its son Gao Bo, so it was named Bohai Building. The building is an eight-story (local ten-story) steel-concrete frame structure with brown decorative bricks on the exterior wall, which is stable and generous in color. The building facade emphasizes vertical composition, which is solemn and straight, and has the style characteristics of modern architecture. Historical buildings listed as national key protection.
Gothic department store
With a history of 80 years, its predecessor was Tianjin Zhongyuan Co., Ltd., which was founded on 1926 and renamed as Tianjin Department Store on 1949. It is the first large-scale state-owned department store in North China, and also the initiator and the earliest member of the National Top Ten Department Store Business Federation (hereinafter referred to as "Business Federation"). Tianjin department store and its unique Gothic bell tower spire have always been the symbol of Tianjin's commerce and even Tianjin.
Jiefang bridge was built in 1902, rebuilt in 1923 and officially completed in 1927. Formerly known as "national bridge", it means international bridge. North of Laolongtou Railway Station (formerly known as Tianjin Railway Station), Nantong Zizhulin Concession. At that time, Tianjin was named after British, French, Russian, American, German, Japanese, Italian, Austrian and Belgian concessions. Located at the entrance of the French Concession, this bridge was built under the auspices of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce of the French Concession, so Tianjin people preferred to call it "French Bridge" at that time. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, the then National Government named the bridge after Chiang Kai-shek and changed the "Universal Bridge" to "Zhongzheng Bridge". 1949, after the liberation of Tianjin, the bridge was officially renamed as "jiefang bridge", which has been in use ever since.
Wanguo Bridge is an open steel structure bridge with a length of 97.64m and a deck width of19.50m.. The bridge body is divided into three holes, and the middle hole is a span. The account opening span is of Shuang Ye vertical rotation type, and a fixed track is attached behind the lower chord of the truss near the approach bridge. When the bridge is opened, the movable leaf truss moves along the track to make way for a larger navigation gap. When we are together, we will take a bus and drive a ferry. "There are big ships under the bridge of nations" was once a scene of Haihe River.
Jiefang bridge, which was rebuilt in 2005, has restored its original opening function through comprehensive transformation of open systems such as circuits and drives. At the same time, the steel beams of the whole bridge have been repaired, reinforced and repainted. Due to serious corrosion, experts from Tianjin Urban Construction Design Institute, together with professors and experts from Tongji University, copied and replaced some seriously corroded parts at 1: 1. According to the engineer, the number of parts copied is not very large. In order to maintain the "original flavor" of this ancient bridge as much as possible, most of the replaced parts are the main parts that jiefang bridge guaranteed to start the rotating system, while for other parts, methods such as on-site repair, rust removal of structural members, and rust prevention treatment were adopted. During the reconstruction of jiefang bridge, the whole bridge was supported by jacks. Although engineers and technicians have successfully hoisted Shizilin Bridge and Bei 'an Bridge during the reconstruction of Haihe River, it is the first time to hoist the steel bridge. According to the technicians, it is difficult to hoist the steel bridge, because the main components of the bridge support each other. If the stress is uneven, the structure is easy to deform. In addition, the reconstruction project in jiefang bridge is more difficult than other bridges. The reconstructed new bridge will be 20cm higher than the original one, and the clearance under the bridge will be increased by 60cm. I believe that in the near future, jiefang bridge will welcome tourists with a brand-new look.
On July 22, 2008, the opening function was restored and opened for the first time.
Yuanshikai former residence
This style of building is a unique three-story building with a garden. It was built for Yuan Shikai when he took office as President of the Republic of China. It lasted ten years and was completed in 19 18. The architectural design is baroque, with a total construction area of about 19 16.66 square meters, covering an area of 5.7 14 mu, and the original garden covers an area of 3 mu. Housing construction has three characteristics: first, there is a "hiding place", second, there is an "escape place" and third, there is a "feng shui window". "Invisible place", there is a secret door on the left corner of the second floor (invisible to outsiders). There are reinforced concrete stairs in the door, equipped with iron corridor poles, up to the roof and down to the basement. If you close the secret door, you can't find a place to go. "Escape", there is an iron staircase next to the platform pavilion on the third floor, which leads directly to the back garden (there are many doors). If there is an assassin or a fire, you can escape. "Feng Shui Window", it is said that Yuan Shikai is superstitious about Feng Shui. In order to design this building near the sea, he specially invited Mr. Feng Shui to design an octagonal building between the second and third floors, with six windows facing the Haihe River. At that time, Haihe River was connected with Bohai Sea, and there were high tides and low tides. Whether the tide is high or low, the water in Haihe River seems to flow from the window to the octagonal room. According to superstition, "water" means "wealth", and countless "treasures of gold and silver" flow into Yuanjialou.
Tianjin Jiefang North Road China Wall Street
First reprint a paragraph written by others: "As the Wall Street of old China, even compared with Shanghai, Jiefang North Road has no sense of inferiority. It once controlled the economic lifeline of Tianjin and even northern China. When we come here again today, we have a feeling that things have changed. Those prominent people who used to go in and out of these banks and chambers of commerce are gone, and those lost prosperity are left to us ... "
In the 1940s, there were 49 domestic and foreign banks on Jiefang North Road in Tianjin, of which 12 domestic banks were headquartered in Tianjin. Jiefang North Road was originally named Zhongjie, and jiefang bridge to Yingkou Road was called Guoguo Road, while Yingkou Road to Xuzhou Road was called Victoria Road. There used to be 30 banks in this street, which is called "Oriental Wall Street". Well-known ones include HSBC, Macquarie Bank, Citibank, meifeng Bank, China Industrial and Commercial Bank, Credit Suisse Oriental Bank, Dehua Bank, Yokohama Zhengyin Bank, Korea Bank, Russia-China Dawson Bank, Belgian Bi Hua Bank, Unilever Bank, China Central Bank, Continental Bank, Jincheng Bank, Salt Bank and Zhongnan Bank. Hotel is beneficial to Shunde Hotel, Yuzhong Hotel and DD Hotel. Lishunde Hotel, established in 1863, is the earliest foreign-related hotel in China. Sun Yat-sen, Zhang Xueliang and Cai E, as well as Hoover, the 3rd President of the United States and Hirofumi Ito, the Japanese Prime Minister, all stayed here, leaving behind a number of precious cultural relics.
Jiefang North Road11is the issuing place of the first Dalong stamp in China. There are 75 historic buildings in the scenic area. Strolling along Jiefang Road, the unique western-style buildings on both sides of the street bring people a strong exotic flavor-European architecture such as Romanesque, Romanesque architecture, Germanic, Russian classical, Greek, Renaissance, Gothic, Romantic, eclectic and so on. It is dizzying, forming a group of magnificent buildings, luxurious and dignified, and there is also a European style, which is just integrated with the Haihe River. These two rows of buildings are not inferior to the Bund in Shanghai, but distributed on both sides of the street, not near the river, which shows Tianjin's low-key character. The night is quiet and sparsely populated. Walking on Jiefang North Road and Fifth Avenue, you will feel in a trance, turn back the clock and dream back to Europe.
Central Bank of Korea
Jincheng Bank was established in 19 17, and its head office was once located in Tianjin. The Bank Building is located at Jiefang North Road 108 in Heping District, and was built at 1937. Jincheng Bank is one of the important private banks in China, also known as the "Northern Fourth Bank" (Jincheng Bank, Salt Industry Bank, Central South Bank and Continental Bank were well-known banks in China at that time, and their financial radiation functions spread all over the north of the Yangtze River, so they were also called "Northern Fourth Bank". Among these four banks, except the mainland banks, the head offices of the other three banks are all in Tianjin. The main pillar of).
Citibank
Citibank Tianjin Branch was established on 19 16. After the outbreak of the Pacific War, the bank was confiscated by Japan. 1945 After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, it resumed its business at the original site, and replaced the British HSBC by virtue of its political advantages, becoming the overlord of foreign banks in Tianjin. After the liberation of Tianjin, the bank closed down and evacuated. The business building of this bank is built in 19 18, and its front door is supported by four Onek-shaped columns, forming an open colonnade. There are seven square columns in the hall, with pilaster on the inner wall and European sculpture on the top. This building is in the western classical style.
Huaao Dawson Bank Tianjin Branch Building is a branch building built by Huaao Dawson Bank in Tianjin, China. The branch was established at 1896, located at the corner of the northern section of Victoria Road (now Jiefang North Road), the main street of the British Concession in Tianjin, and the second-class road Consular Road (Datong Road), opposite to the Shanghai Banking Corporation Building in Tianjin. Located at Jiefang North Road 12 1 Heping District, it was built in the 23rd year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1897). Brick and wood structure, two-story building. The exterior wall is decorated with cement, and the coupon window and the flat window are decorated with herringbone flowers. The corners are arc-shaped, there are parapets with overlapping hexagonal decorations around the eaves, and the top is dome, which has a strong Russian architectural style.
The facade of the Sino-French Industrial and Commercial Bank Building along the street adopts the modeling elements of western classical architecture. The whole exterior decoration is stone water brush stone, and 10 Colin new giant columns are symmetrically arranged along the arc from the main entrance to both sides to form the front porch. There is a flat square pilaster along the side elevation of Jiefang Road, which has a strict counterpoint relationship with the colonnade. A row of columns are arranged on the outer side of the four-story concave gallery to support the eaves to form a colonnade, which is shaped like the trunk column of Roma Tower. The ratio of the two-story colonnade is very different, which forms a strong contrast and makes the facade of the building very rich.
Established in 1880, HSBC Tianjin Branch was the earliest foreign-funded financial institution established in Tianjin after its opening, and it was also the largest bank in Tianjin at that time. 1954 HSBC Tianjin branch closed down and evacuated. Located at No.82, Jiefang North Road, Heping District, it was designed by British Business Tonghe Engineering Department, with the ancient Greek revival style. There are three floors in the main building. On the first floor, there is a business hall of more than 600 square meters. The marble floor is paved outside the counter, the cork floor is paved inside the counter, and the lead glass lighting roof is used.
The HSBC business building was built in 1924, which was designed by Atkinson and Dallas, engineers of British Business Cooperation Engineering Department. Three-story steel-concrete structure. The facade of the eaves is decorated with granite, and the stone base is high in steps. Twelve huge Ionian stone pillars stood in front of the door and on the side, and triangular mountain flowers were made on them. The appearance is tall and majestic, and the momentum is spectacular. The inner hall is spacious and magnificent, and it is an ancient Roman building.
The main facade of Yokohama Zhengjinyin Bank is along Jiefang Road, with the main entrance in the middle. There are eight Colin-style new colonnades running through the first and second floors. The outer wall is made of granite. The stone carvings on the column body and the top of the column are fine in workmanship and light in composition. Along the side elevation of Yingkou Road, there are ten wall plants echoing the main elevation, and the cornice is decorated with lion's head dripping water. The prominent column shape, the exquisite carving of column body, stigma, line foot and eaves are in sharp contrast with the heavy wall. In addition, the golden gate and the golden decorative board on the wall make the whole building look steady and gorgeous.
Credit Suisse Oriental was established in 1875, with its headquarters in Paris and Tianjin branch in 1898. The building was built by Belgian Instruments in 19 12 according to the drawings provided by the Paris head office. It is a masterpiece reflecting western eclecticism.
Lihua building
Frame structure, the main building is 43 meters high and the construction area is 6 193 square meters. It is an office and high-grade apartment building funded by Swiss Jew Li Yap and designed and built by the French. It is also one of the earliest high-rise buildings with modern functions and technologies in Tianjin. The facade of the whole building contrasts with the reality. Combined with Fiona Fang, it is tall and straight, and the eighth floor begins to shrink inward step by step, which makes the facade shape change. It is an outstanding example of modern high-rise buildings in Tianjin.
French Ministry of Industry
A police agency responsible for maintaining law and order in the French Concession. The building, built in 1927, is a four-story French building with a steel-concrete structure. This building is of reliable quality and stable style.
Jada Bank (Macquarie Bank) pursues grandeur and grandeur in style, giving people a sense of stability and solemnity. The base of the building is made of granite, and six tall classical columns stand on the base of the main entrance. There are six buttresses on the south facade; The whole external wall imitates the western classical masonry structure and is a rectangular water brush stone; Steel doors and windows, revolving door. A large western-style flowerpot made of concrete is arranged on both sides of the steps outside the door, and concrete short columns are arranged on the outside of the flowerpot, which are connected with thick iron ropes to form railings, and lawns are planted. The whole building is gorgeous and majestic.
After the Boxer War, the Belgian Consulate (Ubi Bank) was established. 190 1 year, the Belgian government proposed to the Qing government to open a concession in Tianjin on the grounds that Tianjin was a trading port of various countries. 1902 In February, Gardez, the Belgian consul in Tianjin, was instructed by Yao, the plenipotentiary ambassador of Belgium, and signed the Sino-Belgian Land Lease Agreement with Zhang Lianfen, a representative appointed by the Qing government, which divided more than 740 mu of land in Hedong into Belgian concessions.
The authority of the Belgian Concession is the Board of Directors, whose directors are composed of senior expatriates from the Belgian Concession, and all previous presidents are Consul General, so the Consul General is actually the chief executive of the Belgian Concession. Due to the remote location of the Belgian Concession, in order to keep close contact with the authorities of various concessions, the Belgian consul never located the Belgian consulate in his own leased land, but in the more prosperous and convenient British Concession, sharing the building with Huaping.
The building was built in 192 1, with Jiefang North Road in the east and Taiyuan Road in the south. Dagu Road in the west and Dalian Road in the north. Designed and supervised by Belgian Instruments. The building area is 2339.5 square meters, and the brick-concrete structure and building foundation remain the original appearance.
Lishunde hotel
Located at Jiefang North Road 199, newly built 1863 and rebuilt 1886 in Heping District. It is the first large hotel in modern China invested and operated by foreign countries. The original building has obvious British colonial architectural style in South Asia. 1924, there is a four-story reinforced concrete structure building closer to the British neoclassical style on the north side of the old building. There are Renaissance-style carved classical sofas and early elevators in Oddis, which are the earliest existing buildings in the British Concession.
Another feature of Fifth Avenue is the deep and quiet atmosphere formed by the privacy of the building. The residents here-whether they are military and political dignitaries with formulas or successful industrialists-want to live comfortably and quietly under the unlucky social background at that time. This psychological externalization is reflected in the environmental image of Fifth Avenue. The scale of the house is pleasant, the tendency is low, and there are no high-rise buildings; The yard faces the street, and the flowers and trees in the yard cover the windows inside. Most importantly, the courtyard walls are solid walls, and railings are rarely used. The most ingenious is the square hole fence of Minyuan Building, which adopts the shutter principle. It seems to be transparent through the hole, but it is impossible to have a panoramic view of the courtyard from the outside, which adapts to the owner's seclusion and privacy, and naturally constitutes the unique elegant, quiet, stable and warm atmosphere of Fifth Avenue. Recently, I saw that several places on Munan Road were demolished and replaced with iron fences, which may be more beautiful and fashionable. In particular, Li Mianzhi's former residence, the four classical garden villas designed by Austrian architect Geling, actually removed the fence in harmony with the building and replaced it with iron bars. The tables and chairs in a yard were exposed, and the original sense of silence and mystery disappeared. Obviously, the reconstructor must not know the unique cultural characteristics and architectural beauty of Fifth Avenue. History has left us not only a house, but also its charming atmosphere. This is not only an architectural atmosphere, but also a historical and humanistic atmosphere. If it is not only the building itself that is destroyed, but the unique human environment of the city.
Former residence of Tang Yulin (now Municipal Administration for Industry and Commerce)
This house is distinctive in architectural form, art and decoration. With Italian Renaissance architectural style. Mixed structure, rubble toe, mechanical brick wall, partially covered with granite mortar, partially symmetrical, roof balanced, Roman column, dome arch coupon for bowl cover. The whole building is divided into two parts: the second floor guest building on the left, and the bowl-shaped arch coupon protruding from the front of the first floor; On the right is a three-story residential building with a car runway on the big steps in front.
Qing Palace (now Foreign Affairs Office): Located at No.55, Chongqing Road, Heping District, it was built by the eunuch's house in the late Qing Dynasty, and was bought by the Qing prince in 1926, so it was called "Qing Palace". This building is a typical eclectic style combining Chinese and western styles. Brick and wood structure, 3 floors, with basement. To the east of the building is a small China garden with beautiful scenery.
Puppet Manchukuo Consulate (now Sanyuan Electric Power Company): located at No.24 Munan Road, Heping District, built at 1920. It was originally the former residence of Yan Huiqing, Prime Minister of Beiyang Government. It is a three-story building with brick and wood structure, with classical style, and adopts sulfur cylinder brick, a traditional building material in Tianjin. 1934, the address is rented to the Consulate of the Puppet Manchukuo as the private residence of Li Xuemeng, general manager of Dalian Yonglin Company.
Sun Dianying's former residence (now Luchang Salt Bureau): Sun Dianying was an old warlord and thief in Dongling. The house is located at No.20, Munan Road, Heping District, and was built at 1930. It is a luxurious and elegant residential building with three floors and a basement, which is a typical eclectic feature. Baroque architectural style is highlighted in the center of the facade, which is a semi-open veranda with eaves and square windows scattered at will.
Zhang Jiuju (now Real Estate Corporation): Zhang is the younger brother of patriotic general Zhang Xueliang, and was the mayor of Tianjin in 193 1. The house is located at No.50, Munan Road, Heping District, and was built at 1925. It is an English residential building with two buildings: the main building and the back building. It is made of purple machine bricks and has a sloping big tile roof. The building is equipped with hardwood double-slot windows, fine wood floors and sanitary heating. The yard is spacious, with flowers and trees. Originally a residence, it is now used as an office.
Sun's former residence (now Heping Hotel): Sun is an industrialist who used to run a flour mill and a cement factory. The house is located at No.66 Dali Road, Heping District. Spanish residential style. Brick and wood structure, there are two main buildings and annex buildings. The main building has a three-story, concave plane, symmetrical facade and central entrance hall. The courtyard is spacious and has a small swimming pool. Originally a residence, it is now used as a hotel. After liberation, Chairman Mao, Premier Zhou and many central leaders stayed here.
Casey Church is also known as the French Church. Heping District, Tianjin, is named after the old west area outside the original wall of Dushan Road, binjiang road. Including the Catholic Church and the Cathedral, which were built in 19 14 and 19 17 respectively and were built by French Catholics. The cathedral adopts French Romanesque architecture, with a height of 45 meters and a building area of 1 1,585 square meters. The plane is long and cross-shaped, with three tall towers standing in front and back in a "needle" shape. The tower is made of yellow and safflower bricks, with a turquoise dome-shaped spire at the top and a semicircular arch window under the eaves. The main hall is a three-gallery style with murals painted on the inner wall and gorgeous decoration. Kathy Church is the largest church in Tianjin.
Tianjin wanghailou church
Due to historical reasons, there are many famous Catholic churches in Tianjin, China, and Wanghailou Catholic Church is one of them.
This church was built by French Catholics in June 1869 at the fork in the road outside the concession. It is a large building, also known as the Great Hall of the Bishop of Heaven or the Church of Notre Dame de Victory. Brick-wood structure, height10m, length 30m and width10m. This plane is rectangular. Except for the tower, most buildings have two floors, with blue brick walls and pointed arched doors and windows. There are buttresses on both sides of the entrance and three corridors inside. The middle corridor is slightly higher, followed by the side corridor, which belongs to the hall type. There was also a flat-topped tower, and later a small corner building was built at the four corners of the chapel. This church has a Gothic style.
Wanghailou Church has almost become a landmark building in Tianjin's modern history. 1870 burned down for the first time, which was called "Wanghailou on fire" by the people and "Tianjin teaching plan" in history.
During the period of 1870, an epidemic disease occurred in Renaitang Nursery run by the Catholic Church, and a large number of children died prematurely. Kindhearted Hall was hastily buried, and many bodies were dug up for wild dogs to eat, which caused great indignation among Tianjin people. At this time, several incidents of abducting and selling children occurred in Tianjin, which caused people's hearts to float and social unrest. It is said that all this is related to the church, but there is no conclusive evidence.
During the war, the British and French invaders left a shadow in the hearts of Tianjin people. The first batch of babies in Kindness Hall were brought from rural Shandong by Xie Gospel. In Tianjin, he can only encourage nuns to buy babies for adoption and give "bonuses" to those who buy them successfully, which provides criminals with opportunities to commit crimes.
Wu Lanzhen, an important figure in the burning of Wanghailou, was arrested by the Tianjin government for abducting and selling children. His confession was made by Wang San of the French Catholic Church, but Father Xie of Wanghailou Church denied that Liu Jie, the magistrate of Tianjin, had brought Wu Lanzhen to the church to confront him. There were more than 10 thousand people present, and there was a conflict with the congregation in the church. Uncle Feng, the French consul who heard the news, shot and killed Liu Jie, the magistrate of Tianjin, and killed his entourage Gao Sheng. The surrounding people rose up and attacked, killing six people, including Uncle Feng and Xie Gospel, and setting fire to Wanghailou Church.
After the religious incident in Tianjin, British and French warships stood by to demonstrate at Dagukou. The Qing court ordered Chonghou to apologize to France and sent Zeng Guofan, governor of Zhili, to Tianjin to investigate the case. His general policy in handling cases is to "severely punish murderers, punish troublemakers, crush citizens and comfort all countries". The British and French envoys put forward that "compensate officials, compensate counties, compensate Chen Guorui, compensate T-shirts for millions, kill murderers for three or four hundred, send troops to Jingu, and pay me out", that is, Zhang Guangzao, the magistrate of Tianjin; County, namely Tianjin magistrate Liu Jie; Chen Guorui is the company commander of Tianjin Town.
Shanxintang is suspected of abducting and selling children, and the popular saying of "gouging out one's eyes for a change of heart" is the direct fuse of Tianjin's religious plan. In the burning of Wanghai Tower, angry people rushed to Renci Hall on the other side of the Haihe River, burned down the Catholic Church of Renci Hall and killed ten nuns in the hall. After the Republic of China, the social acceptance of the benefits of Shanxintang increased, people gradually broke the previous prejudice, and the charity of Shanxintang also developed.
Results Zhang Guangzao and Liu Jie, Tianjin prefects, were sent to Heilongjiang, and Chen Guorui, the company commander of Tianjin Town, was executed and paid 462,000 yuan to France.
1870 After the church of Wanghailou was burned down, 1897 Wanghailou Catholic Church was rebuilt in its original site and was soon burned down. Existing buildings were rebuilt on 1903 and restored after 1976 earthquake. However, despite several reconstructions, the basic image of the church has not changed much.
Liang Qichao's former residence is located at No.44, minzu road, Hebei District, Tianjin, and the ice drinking room is located at No.46, Hebei Road. These two houses were built by Liang Qichao in the early years of the Republic of China when he bought Xima Road vacant lot in the old Italian concession in Zhou Guoxian. Minzu road apartment is an Italian two-story brick-wood building, which was built in 19 14. The main building is cement external wall, plastic ornamental design, irregular red tile roof and high stone steps, with a building area of 1 12 1 m2; The study "Ice Drink Room" is a light gray two-story building built in 1924. The first floor is its study, and the second floor is the bedroom, which is also a visitor. Liang Qichao's later works were all completed here. Designed by Italian architect baronio, the "Ice Room" is unique and elegant. The building area is 949.50 square meters.