Sugar is a condiment processed from plants such as sugar cane or sugar beet, and its main ingredient is sucrose. Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong, Hainan, Fujian, Taiwan and other provinces and Xinjiang, northeast China is the main sugar-producing areas. Sugar is an important condiment, can increase the sweetness and freshness of the dishes, add color and lustre of the products, for the production of dishes, especially beets varieties of the main seasoning raw materials.
According to the national production license requirements are divided into
White sugar, white sugar, brown sugar, brown sugar, crystal rock sugar, single crystal rock sugar, sugar, rock sugar, sugar, yellow sugar (Guangdong), processing brown sugar (Zhejiang).
According to the daily production of customary edible sugar is divided into
Raw sugar, white granulated sugar, white sugar, brown sugar, yellow granulated sugar, brown sugar powder, block brown sugar (including brick sugar, bowl sugar, Yuanbao sugar, etc.), artificial brown sugar, polycrystalline crystal rock candy, monocrystalline crystal rock candy, ice flake sugar, square sugar, health care brown sugar, health care rock candy, powdered sugar and so on.
A, raw sugar
Using sugar cane, sugar beet extraction of sugar juice, after simple filtration, clarification, through the boiling concentration, the center of the separation to form sugar crystals. It is light brown in color. Sometimes slightly molasses or water. It is the most important sugar product in international trade. Raw sugar is only used as a raw material for sugar refining, and cannot be added directly to food or consumed directly.
B, white sugar
To sugar cane, sugar beet as raw materials (one-step method) or raw sugar as raw materials (two-step method), through the juice, filtration, removal of impurities, clarification (the above steps of the raw sugar does not need), vacuum concentration and cooking crystals, dehoneying, sugar washing, drying and then obtained. White granulated sugar is the most important variety of edible sugar, basically 100% of edible sugar in foreign countries are white granulated sugar, in the domestic white granulated sugar accounted for more than 90% of the total amount of edible sugar. White granulated sugar is divided into refined, superior, first grade and second grade.
C, white sugar
Mian white sugar is white granulated sugar, raw sugar as raw materials (Xinjiang and other places are also directly produced with sugar beet), after dissolution and recrystallization. Mianbai sugar is a kind of edible sugar preferred by domestic consumers. It is soft and delicate in texture, with small crystallized particles, and about 2.5% of transformed syrup is sprayed into it during the production process, which makes it taste sweeter than granulated sugar. There are three grades of sugar: refined, superior and first grade.
D, red sugar
The by-product of sugar cane as raw material, through the one-step production of white sugar. It is also the main brown sugar product on the market today. The main component is sucrose, in addition to a certain amount of glucose, fructose, molasses, trace elements, vitamins and other nutrients.
E, yellow sugar
Also known as golden sugar, currently produced and sold mainly in Guangdong, Hong Kong and other places. It is a non-honey granulated sugar containing certain nutrients. The color is light yellow. Its production process is similar to that of white granulated sugar, but the nutrients inside are not completely filtered during the production process, so it preserves some of the sugarcane flavor and nutrients, and retains many natural minerals.
F, brown sugar powder
Brown sugar powder, also known as powdered sugar, refers to the sugar cane juice as raw material, not after the extraction of white sugar process to produce powdered brown sugar. It is usually produced through the local method. Sugarcane juice is concentrated, dried and crushed. As it contains more water, it should not be left for too long, and it is easy to turn watery and deteriorate during the hot season.
G, lump sugar
Lump sugar is the traditional brown sugar, according to the different molds used in the production, generally divided into slice sugar, brick sugar (square), bowl sugar, Yuanbao sugar, basket sugar and so on. Its production process is sugarcane juice, concentration, cooling and crystallization.
H, processed brown sugar
Also known as artificial brown sugar, is the icing sugar production process of waste honey as raw materials, through the concentration, cooling, crushing (cooling process of non-stop stirring) and become. It contains more reducing sugar, but does not have the flavor and nutrition of brown sugar.
I, polycrystalline rock sugar
Also known as old rock sugar, earth rock sugar, block rock sugar, etc.. It is produced by traditional techniques irregular crystal rock candy. According to the different production processes, it is also divided into hanging line method of rock candy (finished product is divided into icicle and ice edge, there will be cotton thread, paper and other impurities) and basin crystal method (all rock candy are crystallized along the crystallization basin, the finished product is more pure). According to the different colors are divided into white rock candy, yellow rock candy, amber rock candy (gray). This kind of rock candy has what Chinese medicine calls the medicinal effects of rock candy.
J, monocrystalline rock candy
Regular bright crystal shape. Is the 1960s produced a new type of rock candy. Its production process is: the sugar into the right amount of water heating and dissolution, filtered into the crystallization tank, so that the sugar solution reaches supersaturation, into the crystal seed for crystal, to be raised after the crystal grains take out the honey and centrifugal drying, drying through the ventilation, sieve, and graded into. Single crystal rock candy does not have the medicinal effects of rock candy as described by traditional Chinese medicine.
K, rock candy
Rock candy is Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Macao in South China, the Pearl River Delta, western Guangdong and Guangxi around the popular area of the Cantonese language production is larger, more widely marketed, and a favorite sugar. The crystallization mother liquor (waste honey) left over from the production of rock sugar is heated and concentrated, and then acid is added to partially convert it into monosaccharides for later molding. The concentrated sugar solution is produced by mixing, netting, scribing, cooling, leaving the net, slicing, sorting and other processes. The color is golden and clean, the surface is rich in waxy luster, the cross-section is evenly divided into three layers, the upper, middle and lower, of which the upper and lower layers are more densely organized lumps, and the middle layer is a smaller granularity of sucrose crystals composed of "sand line".
L, square sugar
Square sugar, also known as half-square sugar, is a fine grain refined sugar as raw material pressed into a half-square (i.e., half of the cube) of the high-level sugar products in foreign countries has been many years of history. The production of cubic sugar is to use refined sugar with appropriate crystal grain size, mixed with a small amount of concentrated solution of refined sugar (or water of crystallization), to become wet sugar containing 1.5 to 2.5% moisture, and then made into a half-cube shape with a molding machine, and then dried to less than 0.5% moisture by a dryer, and then cooled and packaged.
M, health care brown sugar
Based on the traditional brown sugar by adding some food with health effects, thus becoming a brown sugar with health care properties, is a new trend in the development of brown sugar. These products first appeared in Japan, the more common is to add ginseng, panax ginseng and other herbs, through the reasonable matching with brown sugar, increase the health effects of brown sugar, become a new generation of health brown sugar. At present, common domestic health care brown sugar including ginger brown sugar, mother brown sugar, maternal brown sugar, gum brown sugar, rose brown sugar, girls brown sugar, jujube ginger brown sugar, jujube brown sugar, goji berry brown sugar, cinnamon brown sugar and so on. The production process is mainly divided into two categories: simple mixed type and high temperature boiling type.
N, health care rock candy
In the traditional polycrystalline rock candy production process, through the addition of some health care function of the auxiliary ingredients, so as to produce a new type of rock candy with health care functions. At present, the more common health care rock candy including pear juice rock candy, chrysanthemum rock candy, lily rock candy, green tea rock candy and so on. The key point of the production process is to replace the water in the production process of rock sugar with the juice of auxiliary materials, boiled liquid, etc., and its active ingredients are crystallized together with rock sugar.
O, powdered sugar
Powdered sugar is a clean white powdered sugar with very fine particles. According to the different raw materials are divided into white granulated sugar powder and icing sugar powder, the former is mainly used in western cooking, the latter is mainly used for high-grade beverage sweetener. According to the different production processes, it is divided into spray drying method and direct crushing method. Traditional powdered sugar in the preservation process will be added to the starch mixture of about 3 to 10% (usually cornstarch), there is moisture and prevent the sugar grain tangled role."