Sodium chloride is an ionic compound with the chemical formula of NaCl. Colorless cubic crystal or fine-grained powder, salty. The appearance is white crystal, and its source is mainly seawater, which is the main component of salt. Soluble in water and glycerol, slightly soluble in ethanol (alcohol) and liquid ammonia; Insoluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid. Impure sodium chloride deliquesces easily in the air.
1, which can react with silver nitrate to obtain silver chloride precipitate;
2. The solid salt can be heated with concentrated sulfuric acid to obtain hydrogen chloride gas;
3. Chlorine, hydrogen and sodium hydroxide can be obtained by electrolysis of sodium chloride solution;
4. Sodium and chlorine can be obtained by electrolytic melting of sodium chloride.
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Salt can be divided into single salt and double salt. Single salt has normal salt, acid salt and alkaline salt, and double salt has double salt and double salt. Among them, acid salts contain hydrogen ions in addition to metal ions and acid ions, and basic salts also contain hydroxide ions in addition to metal ions and acid ions. The compound salt can be dissolved in water, and can generate the same combined salt as the original salt ion. When the double salt is dissolved in water, a double salt complex with complex ions different from the original salt can be formed.
Strong base weak acid salt is a salt produced by the reaction of strong base and weak acid, which is alkaline when dissolved in water, such as sodium carbonate. Strong acid and weak base salt is a salt produced by the reaction of strong acid and weak base, which is acidic when dissolved in water, such as ferric chloride.