1. Soil preparation and fertilization of hanging melons:
1, field selection. Sandy loam with sufficient sunlight, deep soil layer, fertile and loose soil and good drainage is the best, and its value is slightly acidic.
2. Dig holes and fertilize. Generally, 20-22 caves are dug every 667 square meters, with a distance of 5-6m, a diameter of 80- 100cm and a depth of 60cm. For cohesive soil and yellow loam with shallow soil layer and poor soil quality, fill the holes with sandy loam and apply sufficient base fertilizer. Apply 50kg of organic fertilizer and vegetable cake 1kg to each hole, or add an appropriate amount of compound fertilizer 1kg, then cover the soil with the ground level and make it fully fermented.
Second, the reasonable planting of hanging melons:
Generally, it is planted around March 20, and it is carried out before the root of the gourd sprouts. The number of plants per hole can be determined according to the size of the root tuber. 1-2-year-old Cucurbita moschata has small tuberous roots, and two plants can be planted in each hole. If the diameter of the root is larger than 3cm, plant 1 plant in each hole, cover it with fine soil with a thickness of 3-5cm, water and moisturize it, and spread a layer of straw around it for moisture conservation.
Third, strengthen management
1, scaffolding. Scaffolding materials should be made of solid cement products as columns, on which wires are pulled for vines to climb. Generally, the spacing between scaffolding columns is about 3m, and the height of the shed is 2.2-2.5m For the gourd seedlings planted in that year, a simple scaffolding can be built for climbing first.
2, pruning. When the vine length of the hanging gourd is 20-25cm after budding, it should be inserted with small bamboo poles to lead the vine to the shed in time, leaving 1-2 main branches and removing the redundant vine branches. For the melons and vines that have been put on the scaffolding, the main vines should be topped, and the melons and vines on the scaffolding should be evenly distributed, and the hanging branches should be handled in time. In the growth process of melon vines, we should cut off the thin and weak side branches that are too dense on the scaffolding to promote ventilation and light transmission, and do a good job of leading vines to prevent them from being blown off by the wind.
3. Fertilizer and water regulation. Hanging melon has a long growth period and requires a large amount of fertilizer. It is necessary to re-apply basic fertilizer, apply good melon fertilizer, skillfully apply anti-aging fertilizer, and pay attention to the coordinated use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. For hanging melons cultivated for more than 2 years, the base fertilizer should be applied before the cold winter, with 800- 1200kg of decomposed ring fertilizer, 35kg of phosphate fertilizer and 20kg of potassium fertilizer per 667 square meters, or twice. The base fertilizer should be applied before the winter, and then the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied before the hanging melons sprout. Melon-bearing fertilizer should travel when vines are put on scaffolding, and 20kg of compound fertilizer or cake fertilizer should be topdressing every 667 square meters. Anti-aging fertilizer should be applied before and after the summer heat. The frequency and quantity of fertilization should be flexibly controlled according to the situation of vines and melons. In case of drought, it is necessary to water regularly on sunny days, and intertillage and weed in time to enhance the ventilation of the soil.
4. Hormone treatment. Guagua is a dioecious vine, and the method of mixed planting of male and female can be adopted to improve the fruit-setting rate; You can also use bees to pollinate, and put 2-3 boxes of bees every 667 square meters to increase the rate of setting melons. In general, the density of male plants planted on the edge of the field is 5 plants /667 square meters, and the vine growth of male plants is controlled to strive for more male flowers and promote pollination. You can also use hormone dipping treatment, dipping flowers when the buds are in bud, dipping or spraying flowers with 30-50mg/kg anti-falling flower essence, paying attention to the control of concentration, the concentration is low in sunny days and high in cloudy days.
5, pest control. The pests of hanging melons mainly include aphids, red spiders, cabbage worms and so on. Focus on the control of Pieris rapae from late July to early August. It can be controlled with 2.5% Kung Fu EC 4000 times or 3.2% Insecticidal Emulsion 1500 times. The main disease is anthrax, which can be controlled with 200 times Bordeaux solution or 800 times solution of 80% anthrax thiram wettable powder.
6, timely harvest. Early-maturing varieties begin to mature from late August to early September. When white powder begins to appear on the surface of melon skin and turns pale yellow, they can be harvested, stored in the house for 2-3 days, then peeled, and dried after the seeds are washed.
7. Post-harvest management. After harvesting, we should give priority to maintaining vines, prolong its vegetative growth, accumulate nutrients and export them to underground parts, and promote the growth of root tubers. Before the winter comes, after the vines of Cucurbita moschata are completely dried up, the weeds in the field should be turned over in a shallow way, so as not to damage the roots, and appropriate amount of Woye amino acid water-soluble fertilizer should be applied to strengthen post-harvest management.