Chronic urticaria is a disease that often has no cause, and patients often have a red, swollen, and itchy rash on their body, face, or limbs at irregular intervals, and often the more they scratch the more itchy they get and the more they scratch the more swollen they get. The number of attacks varies from several times a day to once every few days.

Cold urticaria

Winter high incidence of cold urticaria is a special type of urticaria, is the human body exposed to the cold environment caused by an allergic reaction, often in the parts of the body immersed in cold water or contact with cold material edema and wind, mostly in the face, hands, but also can involve other parts of the self-conscious itching, and in some cases, there is a headache, skin flushing, low blood pressure and other systemic symptoms, the severity of which can be shock. In severe cases, shock may occur. In addition, there is a kind of familial cold urticaria, often occurring in infancy, the earliest visible in the first week after birth. Patients in contact with the cold half an hour to 4 hours of rash, not itchy, rash for red spots and wind, accompanied by fever, chills, arthralgia, headache and other systemic symptoms. Urticaria

Cold urticaria is a type of urticaria, the clinical manifestations of which are mainly itching and wind bumps in different parts of the body when exposed to cold conditions. The lesions can be confined to the exposed parts or parts in contact with cold objects under cold conditions, but can also be generalized, can involve the oral mucosa, and even manifested as headache, chills, diarrhea, and tachycardia, etc. The cold urticaria is a type of urticaria that occurs in different parts of the body. The disease is easily seen in winter when there is more exposure to cold objects. Cold urticaria can be divided into two categories: acquired and familial. And acquired cold urticaria can be divided into primary and secondary. Histamine is the most important inflammatory factor, but prostaglandins, kallikrein, etc. are associated with the development of this disease. Patients with spontaneous cold urticaria have histamine-releasing factors in their blood. In patients with this condition, florid or normal skin floridities may be induced by cold stimuli. Secondary cold urticaria is closely related to some diseases, such as cryoglobulinemia, cold fibrinogenemia, infectious mononucleosis, rubella, HIV, syphilis, connective tissue disease, bone marrow malignancy.

Papular urticaria

Papular urticaria is an itchy skin disease that occurs in infants and children. The lesions are often round or shuttle-shaped rubella-like damage, the top of the pinhead to bean-sized blisters, scattered or clustered distribution. It occurs on the extensor sides of the limbs, trunk and buttocks. Generally after a few days to more than 1 week of skin lesions can subside, leaving temporary hyperpigmentation spots. The lesions may also appear in batches and last for a period of time. The itching of the disease is intense, and repeated scratching may cause pyoderma. The cause of the disease is complex, most believe that with insect bites, such as fleas, lice, mites, midges, bedbugs and mosquitoes.

Acute urticaria

Acute urticaria is a limited edematous reaction with dilation of small blood vessels and increased permeability of the skin and mucous membranes caused by a variety of etiologies. In urticaria, the entire cutaneous inflammatory system is activated. Thus, in the pathogenesis of acute urticaria, other transmitters besides the well-defined histamine play a synergistic role. Urticaria

Acute eczema with rapid onset and polymorphic rash. The main manifestations are papules, papules, blisters, vesicles, oozing and crusting on the basis of erythematous edema, and the damage is not clearly defined, and in severe cases it can be generalized all over the body with intense itching.

Subacute eczema

After the reduction of acute inflammation, the rash is dominated by small papules, scales and scabs, with only a small number of papules, blisters and vesicles; the lesions are more limited, and the itching is still intense.

Chronic eczema

Transformed from acute eczema, subacute eczema repeated episodes. The manifestations of rough skin, scratches, crusts, blisters, hypertrophy, some moss-like changes, hyperpigmentation, peripheral can be scattered with papules.

Scrotal eczema

The disease is a common skin disease confined to the scrotum, the cause of which is complex, often may be related to the local uncleanliness, underwear is too tight or airtight (chemical fiber products) or allergies and certain physical and chemical stimuli, but also can have mental factors. The most prominent manifestation of the disease is the scrotum local itching, local factors scratching leaving scratches, mild skin erosion or infiltration hypertrophy, skin wrinkles become deep and broad. Because of the itchy and scratching lead to more scratching more itchy, the course of the disease is longer, can affect the sleep and work.

Peptonic urticaria

Normal conditions, food protein decomposition of peptone easily digested and not or rarely inhaled into the blood, but in a time of too much food (overeating pork and seafood), at the same time, emotional excitement and a large number of alcohol, peptone can be absorbed into the bloodstream through the intestinal mucosa and lead to the disease, the emergence of skin congestion, redness and wind masses, accompanied by headache, fatigue. The course of the disease is very short, lasting only 1~2 days, and most of them can disappear within 1~4 hours. It is an antigen-antibody reaction, and its causative agent is histamine.

Solar urticaria

The main manifestation is that after the skin is exposed to sunlight for a few seconds to a few minutes, local itching, erythema and wind, angioedema appear rapidly, lasting 1~2 hours. It is more common in women.

Skin scratching disease

Also known as artificial urticaria. After scratching or scratching the skin with a blunt instrument, a stripe-like elevation occurs along the scratch, accompanied by itching, which soon subsides. It can occur alone or in conjunction with urticaria. It can occur at any age. There is often no obvious cause, but can also be caused by drugs (especially penicillin). Urticaria

Serum sickness urticaria

It is caused by drugs (penicillin, dysentery, etc.), vaccines, or allogeneic blood. The skin lesions are most commonly characterized by windsocks, especially polycyclic windsocks, and may also have toxic erythema and erythema nodosum-like manifestations. Patients also have fever, joint pain, lymphadenopathy and other symptoms of serum sickness or serum sickness-like reaction. Cardiac and renal damage may also be present. It is an antigen-antibody complex reaction.

Compression urticaria

The skin is subjected to heavy and long-lasting pressure for 4 to 6 hours, the pressure localization occurs diffuse ill-defined edematous painful plaques, involving the skin and skin tissues. It tends to occur in the palms, metatarsals, and buttocks, and usually lasts 8 to 12 hours. Sometimes accompanied by cold, headache and arthralgia, generalized discomfort. The pathogenesis is related to kinins.