Chinese cabbage is a leafy vegetable of Brassica in Cruciferae, which is native to China. Also known as Chinese cabbage, cabbage, yellow bud white, gum vegetables and so on. Cantonese is called Shao cuisine, which is cultivated in all parts of China. Let's look at the distribution of Chinese cabbage.

Distribution of origin of Chinese cabbage

Chinese cabbage is widely planted in all parts of China, mainly in North China and South China, accounting for 40%-60% of the planting area of vegetables in autumn, winter and spring.

Chinese cabbage is classified by time.

According to morphological characteristics, biological characteristics and cultivation characteristics, Chinese cabbage can be divided into autumn and winter Chinese cabbage, spring Chinese cabbage and summer Chinese cabbage, each of which includes different varieties.

1, autumn and winter cabbage: widely cultivated in southern China, with many varieties. Plant type is erect or waist-tied, mainly cultivated in autumn and winter, and can be divided into white stem type and green stem type according to petiole color. The representative varieties of white stem types are Nanjing Aihuang, Changzhou Changbai Stem, Guangdong Aihei Leaf, Hefei Xiaoye Vegetable, etc. The representative varieties of green stalk types are Shanghai Aiji, Hangzhou Zaoyoudong, Changzhou green stalk vegetables and so on.

2. Spring cabbage: The plants are relatively developed, and a few are upright or slightly waist-tied. Strong cold resistance, cold resistance and high yield. According to bolting in the morning and evening and supply period, it can be divided into early spring vegetables and late spring vegetables. The representative varieties of vegetables in early spring are bright white leaves and white stems in Nanjing, white stems and green stems in Wuxi in March, late oil in winter in Hangzhou and slow in Shanghai in March. The representative varieties of vegetables in late spring are Nanjing April leucorrhea with white stalks, Hangzhou silkworm cabbage, etc., while Shanghai April is slow and May is slow with green stalks.

3. Summer cabbage: it is cultivated in high temperature season in summer and autumn, also known as fire cabbage and soft cabbage. The representative varieties are Shanghai Chinese cabbage, Ma Guangzhou Chinese cabbage and Nanjing Aiza 1. ..

Chinese cabbage is classified by morphology.

Chinese cabbage is divided into four varieties, among which the heading varieties are divided into three ecotypes.

1. Loose-leaf variety: Loose-leaf variety is the prototype of Chinese cabbage, with spreading leaves and no bulbous leaves. Strong resistance, much fiber, poor quality, and the edible part is divided into rosette leaves, which has been gradually eliminated. The representative variety is Chinese cabbage in Laiwu, Shandong.

2. Hemispherical root varieties: Hemispherical root varieties have loose leaves and open bulbs, showing a hemispherical root state. Strong cold tolerance, not strict requirements for fertilizer and water, rosette leaves and bulbs are products. The representative varieties are Japanese cabbage in Xingcheng, Liaoning, and big burr in Yangcheng, Shanxi.

3. Flower-heart variety: The bulb leaves of the flower-heart variety are gathered into solid bulbs by pleating, but the top of the bulb is not closed, and the tip of the bulb rolls outward, and the rolled-out part is yellow, light yellow or white. Strong heat resistance, short growth period, not resistant to storage. Mostly used for early-maturing cultivation in summer and autumn. Representative varieties are Beijing Fanxinbai and Shandong Jinan Xiaobaixin.

4. Bulb variety: Bulb variety is an advanced type of Chinese cabbage evolution. Bulb leaves converge to form a seedling leaf bulb, and the top of the bulb is obtuse or round, closed or nearly closed. Cultivation is universal, requires high fertilizer and water conditions and fine management, high yield, good quality and storage resistance, and can be divided into three basic ecotypes:

① Ellipse: also known as marine climate ecotype, the leaf bulb is oval, and the spherical index (the ratio of leaf bulb height to cross-sectional diameter) is about 1.5. The leaf ball is folded or folded. Bulbs have many leaves, which belong to leaf number type. It needs a mild and humid environment without drastic changes. The representative varieties of Shandong Peninsula in China are Baotou in Fushan, Shandong, Chinese cabbage in Jiaoxian, and big and small roots in Liaoning.

② Flat-headed type: also known as continental climate ecotype, the leaf bulb is in an inverted cone shape, with a spherical index close to 1, and the dome is flat, completely closed and wrinkled. Bulb leaves are large and few, belonging to heavy leaves. It requires a mild climate, a large temperature difference between day and night, sufficient sunshine in the environment, and certain adaptability to drastic temperature changes and air drying. The central areas of planting are central Henan, western Shandong and southern Hebei. Representative varieties are Baotou in Luoyang, Henan, Baotou in guanxian, Shandong and Baotou in Taiyuan, Shanxi.

③ Straight-tube type: also known as cross-climate ecotype, the leaf ball is slender and cylindrical, with a spherical index of about 4, and the top of the ball is blunt and sharp, which is close to closed and twisted. The bulbous leaves are obovate. The central area of planting is near Bohai Bay in the east of Hebei Province, which basically belongs to the maritime climate. However, because it is close to Inner Mongolia and often influenced by continental climate, this ecotype has strong climate adaptability. The representative varieties are Tianjin Qingmaye, Hebei Yutian Baojian and Liaoning Hetao Cabbage. These three ecotypes hybridize with each other and with other varieties, resulting in secondary types, such as flat-headed straight tube type, flat-headed oval type, cylindrical type, straight tube type and round flower center type. In the mid-1960s, China began to study the utilization of heterosis in Chinese cabbage, which was used in production in the mid-1970s. The first generation hybrids planted in a large area include Qingza Zhongfeng, Lu 4 and Jing 106.