According to WHO statistics, 20 12? What is the global death toll from cardiovascular diseases in 2005? 1700? 10,000, accounting for 46% of deaths from chronic diseases, including 9.4 million deaths from complications of hypertension, which has become the primary risk factor affecting the global disease burden [1].
Therefore, it is of great significance to prevent hypertension in daily life, effectively lower blood pressure and rationally use antihypertensive drugs.
First,? "Nine Items" Insist on Effective Prevention of Hypertension
1. Stick to weight control
Weight gain means excessive calorie intake, which can easily lead to high blood pressure and heart disease, so overweight or obesity should be prevented. Body mass index (BMI) = weight (kg)/length (m? ), classification criteria: body mass index 25 obesity.
2. Keep a good sleep
Poor sleep will have many effects on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, such as hypertension. Poor sleep for a long time will lead to hypertension.
3. Adhere to a low-salt and low-fat diet and eat more green vegetables and fresh fruits.
Eating too much salt and fat will lead to high blood pressure, so stick to a low-salt and low-fat diet. Green vegetables and fresh fruits are beneficial to myocardial metabolism, improving myocardial function and blood circulation, promoting cholesterol excretion and preventing the development of hypertension.
4. Adhere to good living habits
Dietary requirements are based on the principle of low supplement, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction, maintaining a light and balanced diet and reducing supplements and high cholesterol diet. And keep a regular life, eat, sleep and exercise regularly every day.
5. Insist on proper exercise
Moderate aerobic exercise can improve cardiovascular and cerebrovascular functions and prevent hypertension, but excessive exercise should be avoided, especially for patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Excessive exercise can lead to angina pectoris, heart failure, stroke and sudden death.
6. Insist on measuring blood pressure regularly.
For people with or without family history of hypertension, blood pressure should be checked regularly from children and 40 years old respectively; Even if you don't feel unwell, you should take your blood pressure at least 2-3 times a year. When dizziness, tinnitus, insomnia, palpitation, chest tightness, blurred vision, oliguria, etc. When it happens, it is necessary to measure blood pressure in time.
Step 7 keep warm
As the temperature drops, blood vessels will contract, but the blood inside will not decrease. At this time, the pressure on the blood vessel wall will increase, resulting in higher blood pressure in winter than in summer.
8. Stick to a stable mood
When people are in emotional fluctuation, the sympathetic nerve will be excited, which will accelerate the heartbeat, increase the resistance of peripheral blood vessels and increase the diastolic blood pressure obviously. Repeated blood pressure will easily rise, which will lead to high blood pressure.
9. Insist on supplementing calcium, potassium and magnesium.
Potassium can prevent the increase of blood pressure caused by high salt intake, especially for mild hypertension. Magnesium salt can lower blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels. Foods rich in potassium and calcium and low in sodium include potatoes, kelp and wax gourd. Foods rich in calcium include milk and shrimp skin. It is beneficial to control blood pressure; Magnesium-rich foods include green leafy vegetables and soy products.
Two? Adhere to the "four major" basic principles of drug use.
( 1)? Dose principle: general patients use conventional dose; The initial treatment of the elderly often uses a small effective therapeutic dose, and gradually increases the dose according to the needs. Patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and microalbuminuria should gradually increase the loading dose when choosing drugs such as alizarin [2].
(2) Priority principle: Give priority to daily use? 1? Every effort is continuous? 24? A long-acting preparation with hourly hypotensive effect can effectively control blood pressure at night and early peak, and prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications more effectively. For patients who need combined therapy, a single compound preparation is recommended first [3-4].
(3) Principle of combination: In principle, for those who can't meet the standard of single drug treatment or patients with hypertension above grade 2, combination therapy can be used; For elderly patients, low-dose combination of two drugs or fixed compound preparation can be used at the beginning.
(4) Individualization principle: Individualized drugs are selected according to the complications, drug efficacy, tolerance and personal wishes of patients.
Three, to prevent the "big four" irrational drug use
( 1)? Repeated medication: The use of similar drugs with similar mechanism of action should be avoided when combined medication.
(2)? Unreasonable combination regimen: 20 14? The research results of Guangdong province in 2000 showed that irrational drug use schemes for hypertension accounted for 2.4%, among which the combination scheme that was not recommended and the combination of similar drugs were the main ones [5].
(3)? Use of non-long-acting antihypertensive drugs: the important principle of hypertension treatment is to require stable blood pressure, so it is recommended to use long-acting antihypertensive drugs to control blood pressure smoothly.
(4)? Use of domestic traditional fixed compound preparation: Traditional fixed compound preparation contains central antihypertensive drugs, such as clonidine and reserpine, and its safety needs to be studied.
Fourth,? Eating the right food helps to lower blood pressure.
1, celery: contains mannitol and other substances, which can lower blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels, and has the functions of calming and protecting blood vessels.
2. Mushrooms: contain specific amino acids, which can lower blood lipids and cholesterol, accelerate blood circulation and lower blood pressure.
3, carrots: containing quercetin, camellia phenol, can increase coronary blood flow and lower blood pressure.
4. Hawthorn: Its flowers, leaves and fruits all contain antihypertensive components. It can reduce the excitability of vascular motor center and lower blood pressure.
5. Kiwifruit: Whole fruit or fruit juice can clear away heat and promote diuresis, reduce blood pressure and cholesterol, and is the first choice for patients with hypertension.
6. Apple: Known as the "king of fruits", it contains a variety of vitamins, sugars, malic acid, tannic acid and cellulose, and its rich potassium can prevent the increase of cholesterol in the blood.
7. Bananas: Bananas can provide potassium ions that lower blood pressure. It has obvious effect on preventing and treating essential hypertension and cerebral hemorrhage.
8. Orange: It contains a lot of nutrients such as vitamin C, citric acid and glucose. For hypertension caused by chronic hepatitis, it can improve the detoxification ability of the liver, accelerate the transformation of cholesterol and prevent arteriosclerosis.
9. Seaweed: It contains bioactive peptides, which is a key component for lowering blood pressure. Eating seaweed regularly helps to reduce high blood pressure and prevent heart disease.