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China Food Industry Network (2005-1-1219: 07: 40)
Raising pigs: According to the price comparison of pig food in 2003 and 2004, as long as everyone looks at the change of pig price calmly, does not blindly develop, and properly controls the number of fertile sows, the pig price may still remain at the level of 2004. I wish you pig farmers * * * make concerted efforts * * to get rich together.
Professor Wang Linyun from College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University (1)
/kloc-the analysis of China pig market in the past 0/0 years shows that the feed cost accounts for a large proportion of the cost of pigs, so the price of pig food (corn) is closely related to whether pigs are profitable or not, which is the main basis for farmers to decide whether to raise pigs.
Through the analysis of the price parity of pig food in China from1994 to 2002, it is found that the price parity changes regularly. If the price ratio of pig and grain is 5.5, there will be a change cycle of about 18 months (except for a few months). That is to say, the price ratio of pig grain was above 5.5 around1August, below 5.5 around1August, and then above 5.5 around1August. The specific time is: 65438+June 0994 ~ 65438+February 0995 > May; 65438+March 0995 ~ 65438+August 0996 is less than 5.5; 65438+September 0996 ~ 65438+March 0998 is greater than 5.5; 65438+April 0998 ~ 65438+1October 0999 is less than 5.5; 1999 1 1 month to 2001March is greater than 5.5; From April 2006, 5438+0 to September 2002, it was less than 5.5.
However, this rule was broken from June 5438+ 10, 2002. Since then, the price of pig food has been higher than 5.5 for 24 consecutive months, and there is no downward trend at present. Why is this happening? I think it is mainly due to the following reasons:
1. With the social and economic development of China, the urbanization rate of China has greatly increased, and a large number of rural laborers have moved to cities to work. According to statistics, 65.438+0.2 billion farmers go to cities to work every year in China, and 65.438+0.3 billion people turn from rural areas to non-rural areas every year, and about 7 million students go to school. The scattered pig raising in rural areas is greatly reduced, while the pork consumption in cities is relatively increased, which is the main reason.
2. The mortality rate of piglets increased. Although the total number of fertile sows in China has increased in recent years, compared with 1996 in 2006, it has almost increased by more than 23% (nearly100000), and the proportion of sows in the stock has increased from 7.8% in 1996 to 9.50% in 2006. However, the number of slaughtered pigs per sow decreased from 196 to 15. 1 head, and decreased to 13.3 head in 2002. It can be seen that many piglets died from birth to weaning.
3. Pig producers are more rational in the face of market changes. In September, a pig-raising climax began. 1996. Many people have a fever, some township leaders strongly call for raising pigs, and many non-agricultural units also join the ranks of raising pigs, which leads to the price increase of piglets and pigs. 1In May 1997, the national pig food price reached 7.7, a record. The results are as follows: from June 5438 to April 0998, the price of live pigs decreased, while the price of corn increased, reaching the lowest point in May 1999, and the national price ratio of pig food decreased to 3.8. With the arrival of a new round of pig breeding climax from June 5438 to October 2002 10, many farmers have been thinking more rationally, no longer blindly setting up pig farms on a large scale, but only making some structural adjustments, so the price ratio of pig food has been kept at around 5 ∶ 5 ~ 6.
(II) Expectation of Pig Industry in China in 2005 According to the situation of the price comparison of pig food in 2003 and 2004, as long as everyone looks at the change of pig price calmly, does not blindly develop and properly controls the number of fertile sows, the pig price may remain at the level of 2004. Although the price of pigs will drop after the Spring Festival, it is a normal law, and it will rise regularly around May and from September to the Spring Festival every year.
I wish you pig farmers * * * make concerted efforts * * to get rich together. ▲
Raising sheep: the development of raising sheep should focus on grass and the scale should be moderate. Eliminate and slaughter the old, disabled, weak and inferior sheep that consume a lot but produce little, and eat too long and too slowly, streamline the laid-off, and leave the feed sheephouse to other sheep to eat, so as to improve the yield. Market-oriented, resource-based, benefit-oriented, industrialized management and science and technology as means, and intensive, modern and commercialized development are important ways to develop sheep and become rich in rural areas.
About sheep feed production: mainly planting grass to raise sheep, taking planting grass as a business, that is, returning farmland to grass and grazing to grass. Who will plant grass and who will raise sheep is a policy issue that needs careful consideration. I plant grass, you raise sheep, I plant trees and you enjoy the cool. Of course, it is unacceptable. It is necessary to vigorously develop grass and raise sheep, and plant a large number of alfalfa, Bromus inermis, Astragalus adsurgens, forage corn, sorghum, beans and other high-yield and high-quality pastures suitable for the local area. For example, alfalfa hay yields 500 ~ 1000 kg per 0.067 hectare, including 20% of protein, and corn yields 250 ~ 500 kg per 0.067 hectare, including 8% of protein, so planting grass is more economical than growing grain. Planting grass, like growing grain, requires cultivation, fertilization, watering and careful management. Can't be planted on the ground, not fertilized or watered. It is necessary to implement the ternary structure planting of grain, economy and feed. Because lambs grow fastest from birth to 7 months old. The fattening of lambs in that year was to make use of the characteristics of fast growth and high feed conversion rate in the early stage of lambs and cooperate with other measures to make lambs gain about 250 grams at the age of 10 months, and to be slaughtered before wintering, thus increasing economic benefits. Market-oriented, resource-based, benefit-oriented, industrialized management and science and technology as means, and intensive, modern and commercialized development are important ways to develop sheep and become rich in rural areas. ▲
Raising rabbits: no matter how the rabbit product market changes, improving the quality of rabbit products is an effective measure to resist market changes. In aquaculture, rabbit breeding is a relatively efficient industry, but it still belongs to a low-profit industry. Therefore, it is necessary to remind rabbit breeders to develop the rabbit industry with a normal heart, and getting rich by raising rabbits will disappoint you.
(2) Some suggestions
1. Rabbit breeding should be market-oriented, pay attention to changes in market supply and demand, and avoid catching up with hot spots. Rabbit breeders should have a market concept, subscribe to scientific and practical publications such as rural breeding technology, collect market information and technical experience, and guide their own rabbit breeding. You know, any commodity market is limited. It is a market dialectics that "the price of more goods falls and the price of less goods rises". Therefore, it is forbidden to catch the popularity of rabbits.
2. Keeping rabbits should have a normal mind, based on raising commercial rabbits to get rich, and avoid speculation. As long as the skin of rex rabbits can be kept at 30 ~ 40 yuan per rabbit and the price of rabbit hair is at 120 yuan/kg, raising rex rabbits and fur rabbits is a good industry to increase farmers' income. Farmers should raise rabbits on the premise of producing commercial rabbits, and speculation will undoubtedly lead to failure.
3. Strengthen quality awareness and strictly control the quality of rabbit products. At present, the demand for rabbit products at home and abroad is increasing, but the requirements for the quality of rabbit products are also increasing. South Korea put forward five requirements for rabbit meat hygiene, including no harmful residues such as antibiotics and hormones; Recently, Japanese food hygiene law was revised, and higher quality requirements were put forward for meat imported from China. Therefore, only by strengthening the quality of rabbit products can we seize the domestic and foreign markets. ▲
Professor Zhu from Zhengzhou Animal Husbandry Engineering College, Henan Province
This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of goose industry from the perspectives of economics, marketing, ecology and nutrition, and holds that goose industry is a sunrise industry in 2 1 century, with good market situation and bright prospects. Goose belongs to herbivorous waterfowl, which has strong anti-stress and disease ability, relatively tolerant to extensive feeding, less investment in goose raising facilities, lower feeding cost, shorter feeding cycle, faster economic turnover and better economic benefits. Goose can coexist with forest, fruit and fishery, develop harmoniously and obtain good ecological benefits; Goose can be raised in water or dry, flat or net, and the scale can be large or small, which is very suitable for farmers to raise; The comprehensive utilization rate of goose body is very high, and its down, blood, liver, intestine, neck, head, palm and tongue are very valuable, far higher than the carcass value. The value of deep-processed refined products is 3 ~ 6 times higher than that of live geese. Goose meat is high in protein, low in fat, low in cholesterol, rich in unsaturated fatty acids, with few diseases and few drug residues. It is an ideal green food in 2 1 century. Goose industry is a labor-intensive industry. Therefore, the development of goose industry conforms to China's national conditions, such as a large population and a small land, abundant rural surplus labor resources, rich agricultural and sideline products that are not fully and reasonably utilized, and a shortage of protein in feed, and conforms to the direction of developing eco-agricultural economy in the 2 1 century and the requirements of developing green food with nutrition, health care and safety. China is a big country in raising geese and consuming goose products in the world. It has a unique competitive advantage in the market. There are no competitors abroad and there is no import pressure at home. Goose raising is a truly free and carefree industry. We should save time and effort and make great efforts to develop it.
Some people worry that it is not easy to sell too many geese. In fact, this is unnecessary worry. Because at present, there are only about 800 million geese in China, and the average per capita is only about 0.6. The total number of geese in the world is only about 65.438+0.4 billion, and the average per capita is only about 0.23. There is no problem of oversupply at all. Because geese have the physiological characteristics of less eggs and low reproductive rate, 1 female geese can only breed about 20 ~ 40 goslings a year, and there are obvious seasonal restrictions. On the other hand, raising geese is a labor-intensive industry, and developed countries generally don't raise geese because of labor shortage and high wages. The vast warm areas in the world are not suitable for raising geese. Therefore, experts predict that there will be no oversupply of goose products in 15 ~ 20 years. Therefore, it is safe to develop goose industry according to local conditions.
So what about raising geese in 2005? Through the investigation and analysis of market comprehensive factors, it is considered that in general, the situation in 2005 is better than that in 2004. The main reasons are as follows: First, since April 2004, the market of goose products has been booming, the consumption of goose products has been increasing, goslings and meat geese have been distributed at high prices, and farmers can make a profit of about 4 ~ 8 yuan by raising 1 meat goose, which has not been achieved for many years. People have a good impression on goose meat, and the consumer market is expanding rapidly, showing a trend of short supply, which will certainly continue in 2005. Secondly, farmers make profits by raising geese, which further stimulates their enthusiasm for raising geese. Goose and meat goose sell well, and the high price will not decrease. Good goose raising benefits will continue to be maintained. Third, more than three years after China's entry into WTO, the agricultural products market will be fully opened, which will have different degrees of impact on the domestic livestock and poultry products market. However, there are no imported goose products abroad, which will not bring pressure. Domestic goose products will still sell well at high prices, and the benefits of raising geese will continue to be good. According to this, it can be predicted that the goose industry in 2005 will definitely be a bumper harvest year if no special events occur.
Looking back on history, China is a big country with a tradition of raising geese. In recent years, under the guidance of the national reform and opening-up policy, the goose industry has developed rapidly and made great achievements, but it still stays at the level of traditional goose raising, and there are some situations such as attaching importance to quantity development, ignoring quality improvement, low scientific and technological content, low level of improved varieties, and insufficient confidence in industrial development. This situation should be highly valued by colleagues in the industry, and the following main countermeasures are suggested:
First of all, we must clearly understand the situation, change our concepts, take the market as the guide, and earnestly and practically implement scientific goose raising. According to local conditions, we should vigorously develop goose breeding on a moderate scale, and at the same time, we should effectively improve the quality, meet market demand and improve our own economic benefits. Although there is a huge market space for goose products and great potential for developing goose breeding, the threshold of food market in 2 1 century is very high, and products with low quality, nonstandard and substandard products cannot enter. It must be emphasized that quality is money, quality is benefit, and low-quality products are equal to waste products and ineffective inputs.
Secondly, we should do everything possible to implement the industrialization project of goose industry, that is, the leading body of goose industry (independent professional associations and cooperatives) should be organized by capable people. With the support of government policies, we will supply improved goose seedlings in a unified way by contract, plant grass to supply full-price feed, unify technical services, purchase products for sale or process sales, and implement an industrialized production and operation mode integrating production, supply, marketing, animal husbandry, industry and trade.
Thirdly, a moderate scale, practical implementation of the policy of "prevention first" and comprehensive prevention and control measures to ensure the safety of goose production are always principles that must be adhered to, and we must never treat it lightly, otherwise the bitter fruit will be unbearable. ▲
Liu Wuyue, a researcher at the Animal Husbandry Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
2/KLOC-0 The theme of food science in the 20th century is green, safety and nutrition. Duck and goose products are green food with high nutritional value, rich in various nutrients needed by human body and easy to digest and absorb. Modern nutritionists list duck meat, goose meat and whale meat as human health food, so you can have a full meal without worrying about rising cholesterol and hyperlipidemia. Duck and goose products are loved by more and more people in the world. China is the largest producer of ducks and geese in the world, and the slaughter of ducks and geese accounts for 77.8% and 9 1.63% of the total slaughter in the world respectively. The international demand for duck and goose products shows an obvious growth trend. In Europe, the price of goose is 2-3 times higher than that of chicken, while in France it is 3.5 times. In Germany, 4.5 million geese are needed during Christmas alone. The annual trade volume of French fatty liver market is about 9000 tons, the domestic output is about 7400 tons, and it needs to import about 1.600 tons. Since the French often eat fatty liver and the number of patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases has been reported in newspapers, Japan has also set off a consumption boom of fatty liver. Although China is the largest producer of ducks and geese in the world, according to the current output, the per capita consumption of duck meat is only 1.63 kg, the per capita consumption of duck eggs is 2.72 kg, and there are only about 600 million geese. To sum up, we can see that the development of the world duck and goose industry in the future mainly depends on China, and the supply of the world duck and goose products mainly depends on China. Therefore, the prospect of developing duck and goose production in China in the future is very broad, and there is great market potential at home and abroad.
In recent years, the production of ducks and geese in China has become one of the main economic pillar industries in the vast rural areas, and farmers have achieved good economic benefits in raising ducks and geese. 3 yuan/duckling, the purchase price is 5.2 ~ 6 yuan/kg for about 40 days, and the average income of raising 1 duckling 1.5 ~ 2 yuan; There are 4 ~ 6 yuan geese/chick, and the purchase price is 8 ~ 9 yuan/kg for 80 ~ 90 days (the protection price for farmers in 2004 was 9 yuan/kg), and the average income per goose is 8 ~ 1 2 yuan; There are geese with fatty liver around 25 yuan, and the recovery price after 120 days is about 15 yuan/kg. Raising 1 fatty liver geese can earn 12 ~ 15 yuan.
Ducks and geese have good adaptability and can be raised all over the country. Meat ducks used to be raised near large and medium-sized cities. In recent years, with the development of duck and goose production, it is no longer confined to the vicinity of large and medium-sized cities. For example, the industrial chain of duck breeding in Safia Group has been formed (self-production, supply and marketing, etc.). ) and away from the city. Goose can be raised all over the country, but due to the different industrialization level and sales channels, the economic benefits are high and low. Meat ducks are slightly different from geese, so meat ducks must go to a relatively fixed slaughter and processing factory to buy them, otherwise they will become defective after the slaughter day. Goose can be kept for 18 days or even months, as long as the molting period is missed.
In order to obtain better benefits in duck and goose production, duck and goose production must take the road of industrialized commodity production in the future. That is to say, leading enterprises should cultivate improved varieties, provide duck and goose seedlings to farmers (to ensure the quality of varieties and prevent farmers from being deceived in buying seedlings), guide farmers in breeding management and health and epidemic prevention (China has not yet formulated the nutritional standards for waterfowl, how to raise and use green feed, and formulate health and epidemic prevention regulations reasonably), and timely recycle and slaughter them, thus solving the problems of breeding, epidemic prevention and sales of farmers. As long as farmers concentrate on feeding, they will get better economic benefits. ▲
Wu Jie, Director of Beijing Bee Research Institute
There are about 6.85 million bees in China, which is the country with the largest number of bees and the largest output of bee products in the world. It produces 250,000 tons of honey, 2,400 tons of royal jelly, 2,000 tons of bee pollen and 300 tons of propolis every year, and more than half of them are exported abroad.
With the enhancement of China's comprehensive national strength and the improvement of people's living standards, people's awareness of health care is also increasing. Bee products, as pure natural health food, are increasingly favored by people. Enterprises and individuals engaged in the production and processing of bee products have also gained corresponding benefits.
Judging from the development of bee products market in recent two years, with the deepening of people's understanding of propolis, propolis products have sprung up suddenly, forming a strong "propolis fever" in the domestic market, with promising sales situation and remarkable economic benefits. Therefore, it attracted a large number of merchants to join the marketing of propolis products. On the one hand, it intensifies the competition in the product market, on the other hand, the increasing demand for propolis raw materials in the market also drives the domestic market price of propolis raw materials to climb all the way. However, due to some irresponsible remarks in the process of market operation, it has brought some negative effects to the propolis market and caused some repercussions among consumers, and the sales volume of the propolis market once declined. But on the whole, the propolis market is developing well. As traditional products, royal jelly, honey and bee pollen have long been recognized by consumers. Consumer groups are relatively fixed, the market fluctuates little, and the market demand is basically maintained in a relatively stable state.
For the majority of beekeepers, it is better to engage in beekeeping production at present. Bee-keeping is a good sideline with small investment and quick effect, which is especially suitable for developing bee-keeping in areas with good honey source conditions around. Due to the good development situation of bee products market at home and abroad, there is a great demand for raw materials for bee products at home and abroad, and basically there will be no sales difficulties. However, there are several points that need to be reminded to beekeepers: First, in recent years, with the wide application of "king of pulp", the output of royal jelly in China has increased rapidly, but the price of the product has not increased, and it is still on a downward trend to some extent. For example, the purchase price of royal jelly in some areas can be as low as 50 yuan/kg. The purchase price of honey and bee pollen is relatively stable, and the purchase price of propolis is relatively high. At present, the purchase price of wool glue with glue content above 50% is generally above RMB 0/00 per kilogram/kloc, and the demand is often in short supply. Second, we should pay attention to the quality of bee products and produce high-quality bee products. At present, both at home and abroad attach great importance to the quality and safety of bee products, and Japan, the European Union and other bee product importing countries have put forward strict restrictions on antibiotics and pesticide residues in bee products. The Ministry of Agriculture has also promulgated industry standards such as Pollution-Free Food-Honey, Pollution-Free Food-Propolis, Pollution-Free Food-Royal Jelly and Freeze-dried Royal Jelly, Pollution-Free Food-Bee Pollen, Guide to the Management of Bee Feeding and Guide to the Use of Veterinary Drugs for Bee Feeding. Some powerful and far-sighted companies at home and abroad also implement the production strategy of "company+base+beekeeper" in some areas of China, and implement high quality and good price for bee products to ensure the quality of bee products. Judging from the current situation, these enterprises have achieved obvious economic and social benefits and have been recognized by consumers. Therefore, it is suggested that the majority of beekeepers must manage the bee colony according to the relevant national industry standards during the production of bee products, so as to ensure the quality of bee products and obtain corresponding economic benefits. ▲
Fan (1), Director of Fisheries Department, Fisheries Bureau
Analysis of aquaculture situation in 2004 In 2004, China's aquaculture production still maintained a good momentum of development: the scale of aquaculture was further expanded and new progress was made in structural adjustment; The development momentum of seawater freshwater aquaculture is strong, and the advantageous areas and varieties of key fishery provinces are gradually formed; The economic operation of aquaculture is basically stable, the prices of aquaculture products are rising, and the comparative benefits are further improved, which is conducive to promoting the adjustment of agricultural structure and increasing farmers' income. The main features are as follows:
1. The scale of aquaculture production was further expanded, and the aquaculture area and output continued to increase. At the beginning of this year, "Several Policy Opinions of the State Council Central Committee on Promoting Farmers' Income Increase" was issued, which greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of fishermen. People's governments at all levels and their fishery administrative departments regard aquaculture as an important field of agricultural development, guide fishery departments to formulate development plans, and adopt various preferential policies to guide and support them. At the same time, the increase in market demand for aquatic products has also driven the rapid development of aquaculture. According to incomplete statistics of 20 provinces (cities, districts) in China, in June 2004, the output of mariculture reached 8.898 million tons, and the output of freshwater products reached 1.52 1.3 million tons, which were 7. 1% and 7.0% higher than the same period of last year respectively. All localities have actively developed wasteland, barren water, low-lying land, large lakes, large reservoirs and rice fields to raise fish, and the aquaculture area has also increased. It is estimated that the area of marine aquaculture and inland aquaculture will increase by 12.2% and 1.6% respectively compared with last year. The field of aquaculture has also been further broadened, and deep-water wind-resistant cage culture has developed rapidly. In 2004, there were 2736 deep-water anti-storm cages in China, an increase of 770 or 39% over the previous year.
2. The aquaculture of famous aquatic products has developed rapidly, and the industrial belts of main dominant aquaculture varieties have basically taken shape. Focusing on the theme of enhancing fishery efficiency and increasing farmers' income, all localities have increased planning, guidance and investment in the construction of demonstration areas for superior aquatic products cultivation in accordance with the requirements of regional layout planning for superior export aquatic products cultivation, and accelerated the development process of "two belts and one area" advantageous areas, and the cultivation of famous aquatic products has continued to maintain a rapid development trend. At present, the industrial belts of major dominant breeds have basically taken shape, and are developing in the direction of specialization, upscale and branding, such as marine treasures from Liaoning and Shandong, eels from Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi, prawns and tilapia from Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan, Pseudosciaena crocea from Zhejiang and Fujian, and river crabs from Jiangsu and Anhui, all of which have reached the goal of "developing a variety, forming an industry and driving one side". This year, it is estimated that the national crab breeding output will exceed 400,000 tons, and the tilapia output will be close to 900,000 tons, which will increase by 12% and1/respectively. The output of crabs in Jiangsu Province alone will reach 220,000 tons, and the output value will exceed 654.38+0 billion yuan, accounting for 1/4 of the fishery output value of the whole province. Sea cucumber culture in Liaoning Province has been extended to six coastal cities in the province, with a culture area of 1.55 million hectares, up by 90% year-on-year. This year, the sea cucumber culture area in Shandong Province reached 2 1.00 million hectares, up 28% year-on-year. It is estimated that the output value of sea cucumber will exceed 8 billion yuan.
3. Conscientiously implement the Regulations on Quality and Safety Management of Aquaculture, actively promote healthy aquaculture, and improve the quality of aquaculture products to a certain extent. After the Ministry of Agriculture promulgated and implemented the Regulations on the Management of Aquaculture Quality and Safety on September 1 2003, all localities did a good job in propaganda, constantly improved relevant supporting systems, and actively carried out pilot demonstration work according to the actual situation. Urge aquaculture enterprises to establish the filling system of aquaculture production records, product labels and aquaculture drug use records, carry out technical training for disease prevention and control personnel, aquaculture drug technicians and aquaculture personnel, improve the awareness of safe drug use, actively promote healthy aquaculture and ecological aquaculture, control aquaculture drugs, ensure the quality of aquaculture products and protect the aquaculture environment. In the recent four consecutive tests of chloramphenicol residues in shrimp in five cities including Beijing, the qualified rate reached 100%. Since the beginning of this year, there have been no new trade disputes caused by the quality problems of exported aquatic products. The European Commission completely lifted the import ban on aquatic products in China on June 5438+1October 65438+August.
4. In order to meet the diversified demand of the market, recreational fishery began to rise. Tourist fishing and ornamental fish farming are very popular all over the country. There are more than 5,000 leisure fishing parks and places in Shandong Province, which mainly focus on fishing and sightseeing and "fisherman's music". A large number of surplus rural laborers are employed, and the annual income of leisure fisheries reaches 500 million yuan, which drives the annual output value of the tertiary industry of fisheries to reach 22.5 billion yuan. The output value of leisure fishery in Liaoning Province has exceeded 2.4 billion yuan. Fisheries and recreational fisheries in Hebei Province have developed rapidly. At present, there are nearly 3,000 fishing grounds, including more than 300 garden-style and ecological fishing gardens.
(2) Development trend in 2005
1. The development of famous aquatic products of seawater and fresh water will still be the focus of the structural adjustment of aquaculture varieties in various places. High-quality aquatic products, such as eel, mandarin fish, rainbow trout, spotted fork tail, large yellow croaker, grouper, red snapper, river crab, Scylla serrata, prawn, green shrimp, scallop, abalone, turtle, sea cucumber, pearl, etc. With delicious meat and rich nutrition, it has high nutritional and economic value and is deeply loved by consumers at home and abroad. In the future, with the development of China's national economy, the improvement of people's living standards and the intensification of international competition after China's accession to the WTO, the whole society will put forward new requirements for the variety and quality of aquatic products. Therefore, the development of famous and excellent aquatic products according to local conditions will still be the focus of aquaculture development in various places in the future.
2. Actively expand new fields of breeding and constantly optimize breeding methods. The eastern coast can actively develop deep-water wind-resistant cage culture and industrial culture; The central and western regions can give full play to their resource advantages and develop characteristic fisheries and cold-water fish farming; Conditional areas can actively develop rice field culture and ornamental fish culture.
3. Develop healthy farming and ecological farming to produce high-quality aquatic products. Healthy aquaculture means that the whole process of aquaculture is scientific and standardized by maintaining high-quality water environment, selecting healthy and disease-free fry, reasonably controlling breeding capacity, feeding feed with balanced nutrition and using fishery drugs safely. Ecological aquaculture refers to applying the principles of ecological economics, combining traditional experience with modern science and technology, and constructing a scientific production system of aquaculture with China characteristics, so that aquaculture production can achieve the purposes of ecological rationality, functional coordination, resource regeneration, virtuous circle, high yield and high efficiency. ▲
Professor Ning Zhonghua, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University
2004 was the most extraordinary year in the history of raising chickens in China. What farmers feel most is that the price of eggs fluctuates greatly. At the beginning of August of the lunar calendar, the wholesale price of eggs in the main producing areas reached 6.6 yuan per kilogram, and it was only in 3.3 yuan in March. In June, the price of eggs dropped again, reaching 5438+ 10. The large fluctuation of egg price is mainly affected by highly pathogenic avian influenza and overload control. But on the whole, those farmers who dared to raise chickens during the period of highly pathogenic avian influenza still got higher profits than in previous years, and each laying hen could get a net profit of 15 yuan. Farms are not so lucky. Most farms sell chickens at below-cost prices for most of the year. One of the reasons is that some farmers make money this year and lose money next year according to past experience, and dare not venture into chicks.
The production cycle of laying hens is relatively long, and it will take nearly five months to lay eggs. Therefore, the number of chickens laying eggs in the first half of 2005 will not increase significantly compared with the second half of 2004, and the price of eggs should be higher in the same period. Moreover, the price of soybean meal, the main raw material of feed, is obviously reduced, and the feeding cost is reduced, so farmers can generally get better income. The situation in the second half of 2005, especially in the second half, may not be very optimistic. High quality and high efficiency have always been the last word in the development of animal husbandry, and high quality can increase the price of products. Nowadays, the ecological stocking of high-yield laying hens in some places is a good way to produce high-quality eggs. The reason why stocking eggs is better than keeping eggs in cages is not only because of the food choice of free-range chickens, but also because of the mood of free-range chickens. High efficiency is mainly reflected in three aspects: first, the number of eggs laid by chickens increases; Secondly, the feed consumption of chickens is reduced, that is, the feed-egg ratio is small. The feed/egg ratio used to refer to the consumption of producing 1 kg eggs, but now it also refers to the consumption of producing 1 dozen eggs (12 eggs), because eggs are sold separately in many areas; The third is the increase in per capita feeding.
In recent years, some places have started to raise chickens on a large scale, and the government has also funded some funds. The egg price of free-range eggs is obviously higher than that of caged eggs, but most free-range chicken farmers have not made a profit because they have two serious misunderstandings about free-range chickens. One misunderstanding is that free-range chickens can't eat full-price feed, but can only feed them unilaterally with crops such as corn and millet. Complete feed refers to the feed with comprehensive nutrition, and large-scale free-range chickens can not get comprehensive nutrition in nature. If the complete feed is not supplemented, not only the egg production is small, but also the nutrition of eggs is unbalanced, which makes the free-range eggs lack nutrition. The second misunderstanding is that free-range chickens can only raise chickens with messy feathers. Besides colorful feathers, small eggs and low egg production, it is difficult to manage chickens in trees. Selecting suitable high-yield laying hens for large-scale free-range, such as "Nongda No.3" grain-saving small laying hens cultivated by Northern Agricultural University, can not only greatly increase the egg production, but also have good egg quality. At the end of 2004, when we visited some places in the western mountainous areas of Hebei and northern Beijing, we found that there were no large-scale free-range chickens in counties that claimed that there were hundreds of thousands of free-range chickens this year, because farmers could not make any money at all, and only a few households raised their own vegetables were not counted as costs. Just like this, some places frequently advertise on TV and newspapers, which is purely a political discipline project. The development of free-range chickens should take the road of ecological farming, which is a good thing for the country and the people, but it is necessary to stress science and adapt to local conditions.
Therefore, it is suggested that aquaculture enterprises should cultivate high-quality and efficient varieties first in 2005, so that enterprises can be in an advantageous position in peer competition. Conditional laying hens (fruit trees and Woods are best) must be raised in a scientific way to prevent high prices and low efficiency. ▲
Ada, Secretary General of Professional Society of China Agricultural Society
Characteristic planting industry has begun to take shape in China, and some varieties have formed pillar industries in some areas, with considerable economic benefits, which has played an important role in the adjustment of rural industrial structure and farmers' poverty alleviation.
From the overall situation of the country, the benefits of fur animal breeding (mink, fox, raccoon dog and rex rabbit) have been good in the past two years. Mainly manifested as: the fur market demand is strong and the price is firm. However, the price gap of leather pieces reflects the market's picky about quality. High-quality leather pieces sell well and the price is high. Now many producers begin to pay attention to variety improvement, and are changing from pure quantity type to quality type. Therefore, I would like to remind farmers who are going to engage in fur animal breeding that they should pay attention to introducing excellent varieties, not just pursuing quantity and scale, but working hard to raise sperm and improve sperm in order to obtain better economic benefits.
In addition, pilose antler breeding has a long history in China, and it is also a long-term and relatively stable good project. Similarly, it is very important to choose excellent varieties for raising sika deer or red deer, and it should be carefully inspected before introduction. It should be pointed out that due to the lag in deep processing of by-products of velvet antler, the consumer market has not been enlarged, so the market price of velvet antler has fallen in the past two years, and the pressure on farms is generally high. But in the long run, its market demand will be great and it can be considered as a long-term investment.