1. Early Ruby

The fruit is medium to large, weighing 5-6g per fruit, broad heart-shaped, purple-red, with rose-red spots, and is easy to pick. The peel is thin, easy to peel off, the meat is tender, juicy, sweet and sour, and of excellent fresh food quality. The fruit matures 27 to 30 days after flowering, making it an extremely early-maturing cherry variety.

The plants grow strong and are resistant to cold and drought. Fruits on bouquet-shaped fruit branches and annual fruit branches. Grafted seedlings begin to bear fruit in the 3rd to 4th year after planting, and mature trees produce more than 1060kg per 667m2.

2. Black plum is extremely early

The fruit is large and neat, weighing 6~7g per fruit, heart-shaped, red, with thin, tight skin and easy to peel. The flesh is bright red, juicy, tender and refreshing, with grape-like sweetness, and the juice is rose red. The fruit core is medium-large, round, free from the core, and the fruit matures 28 to 32 days after flowering, with the same maturity period. The fresh food quality is excellent and it is an extremely early-ripening cherry variety.

The plant grows robustly, is resistant to cold and drought, and bears fruit in the form of bouquet-shaped fruit branches and annual fruit branches. Grafted seedlings begin to bear fruit in the 3rd to 4th year after planting, and mature trees produce about 900kg per 667m2.

3. Excellent

The fruit is large, weighing 6~8g per fruit, and is purple-red. The pulp is purple-red with white texture, semi-hard flesh, juicy, thick juice, purple-red, grape-sweet, and has good fresh food quality. The core is round and smooth. Fruit matures 32 to 35 days after flowering.

The plants grow strong and are resistant to cold and drought. Grafted seedlings begin to bear fruit in the 3rd to 4th year after planting, with one-year fruit branches and 2-5 year old bouquet-shaped fruit branches. The life of the bouquet-shaped fruit branches can reach 11 to 14 years, with high yields year after year. The mature tree produces about 750kg per 667m2, with the highest Up to 1020~1040kg, high economic benefit.

4． Da Zi

Also known as Da Hong Pao and Da Hong Cherry. Originating from the former Soviet Union, it has been cultivated in the Crimea for more than 190 years. It was introduced to Britain in 1794, to the United States in the early 19th century, to Yantai, Shandong in 1890, and later spread to Liaoning, Hebei and other places. It is currently one of the main varieties grown in my country.

The average fruit weight is about 6.0g, and the largest fruit can reach 10g. The fruit is heart-shaped or wide-heart-shaped, and the fruit stem is long and thin. It is easy to separate from the fruit and difficult to drop. The peel is light red when first ripe, and turns purple or dark purple when mature. It is shiny and thin and easy to peel off. The pulp is light red to red, soft in texture, juicy and sweet in taste. The soluble solids content varies depending on maturity and origin, generally 12% to 16%, and the quality is medium to high. The fruit core is large and the edible rate is 90%. The flowering period is late, generally about 5 days later than Naweng and Reni, but the fruit development period is short, about 40 days. It matures from late May to early June in Shandong Peninsula and in mid-May in central and southern Shandong. The maturity period is not long. Too consistent and needs to be harvested in batches.

The tree is strong and strong. The branches are relatively upright in the young stage and gradually open as the number of fruits increases. It has high germination ability, strong branching ability, long internodes, thin branches, large branch crown, the tree body is not compact, and the inside of the crown is easy to be bare. The leaves are long oval and extra large, with an average length of 10~18cm and a width of 6.2~8cm, so it is also known as "big leaf".

5. Molewu

Also known as Italian Early Red, it is native to France and was introduced from Italy to Shandong Linqu Fruit Experimental Station in 1989. The fruit is short and heart-shaped, and a single fruit weighs 8~10g, with a maximum weight of 12g. The fruit has purple-red skin, red flesh, thick and tender flesh, hard and crisp, juicy, sour and sweet flavor, soluble solids 11.5%, acid content 0.68%, excellent quality. The fruit does not crack and is resistant to storage and transportation. It can be stored at room temperature for 7 to 10 days after harvesting.

It has strong growth potential, an open tree posture, and high germination and branching abilities. The flower buds are large and full, and it is easy to bloom. It blooms in mid-April and matures in mid-May. It matures 1 week earlier than Da Zi and Hong Deng. The fruit development period is 32 days.

It is highly adaptable, resistant to cold and drought, and grows well in hilly gravel soil and sandy loam soil. It bears fruit in the third year after planting and has a high yield in the fifth year. During the fruiting period, the yield is 1000~1500kg per 667m2. Varieties suitable for pollination include Hongdeng, Zhifuhong, Chicken Heart, etc.

The fruit characteristics of Bigaareau Burlet are the same as those of Moleau, except that the maturity period is about one week later. The harvesting period in Linqu, Shandong is around May 25.

6． Hongdeng

Hongdeng is a sweet cherry variety bred by Dalian Agricultural Science Institute. It was hybridized in 1963. Its parents are Naweng × Huangyu, and it was named in 1973.

It is cultivated in Liaoning, Hebei, Dalian and Shandong. It has been introduced and tested in northwest my country. It is an important early-maturing variety after Da Zi.

The fruits are large, with an average fruit weight of 9.6g and the largest fruit reaching 12g. The fruit is kidney-shaped and the fruit stem is thick and short. The peel is red to purple, shiny, bright in color and beautiful in appearance. The pulp is light yellow, semi-soft, juicy, sweet and sour in taste, with soluble solid content of 14% to 15%, soluble sugar 14.48%, vitamin C content of 16.89mg per 100g, and dry weight 20.09%. The nucleus is small and semi-nuclear, and the edible part reaches 92.9%. The maturity period is earlier, following the late harvest of Da Zi. It matures from the end of May to early June in the Jiaodong Peninsula and in late May in central and southern Shandong.

This variety is large in size, bright in color, thick in flesh, juicy and sweet, matures earlier, is more resistant to storage and transportation, and has strong market competitiveness, making it popular among fruit farmers and consumers. However, the skin is thin and susceptible to mechanical damage. The fruit may crack slightly if it rains before picking. Pay attention to the watering conditions before picking the fruit.

7. Zhifu Red

The original name is Yantai Red Cherry. Originating from Shangkuang Village, Zhifu District, Yantai City, Shandong Province, it is an accidental seedling discovered in Shangkuang Village by the Agriculture and Forestry Bureau of Zhifu District, Yantai City in 1979. It has been partially planted in Yantai, Shandong and central and southern Shandong, and the growth results have been good.

The fruits are large, with an average fruit weight of 8g and a maximum fruit weight of 9.5g. The fruit is round and spherical, with short deep grooves on the suture line at the depression of the stem. The fruit stem is long and thick, 5.6~6cm long, and is not easy to separate from the fruit. The fruit falls lightly before harvesting. The peel is bright red, shiny and very beautiful in appearance. The flesh is light red, hard texture, juicy, light red, sour and sweet, with high soluble solids content, generally 15%, good flavor and high quality. The peel is not easy to peel off. Separated from the core, the core is smaller and the edible part is 91.4%. The maturity period is 3 to 5 days later than that of Da Zi, and it is almost as mature as Hong Deng. The maturity period is relatively consistent, and it can usually be harvested in 2 to 3 times.

This variety has large fruit, early maturity, very beautiful appearance, good quality, hard pulp, strong storage and transportation resistance, high yield, and strong adaptability. It is one of the red early-maturing varieties currently advocated for vigorous development. .

8. Meizao

Introduced from the United States, the fruit is broad and heart-shaped, with an average fruit weight of 11.3g and a maximum fruit weight of 13.2g. The fruit is purple-red or purple-black, shiny, and extremely beautiful. The flesh is light yellow, crisp, sour and sweet, with good flavor and excellent quality. The soluble solids content is 17.6%. The fruit is resistant to storage and transportation. It blooms in mid-to-late April in the Dalian area, and the fruit matures in early June, which is 2 to 3 days later than Hongdeng, but the consistency of the maturity period is better than that of Hongdeng.

The tree is strong and half-open. Young trees mainly bear fruit on medium-long fruit branches, with large flower buds and easy flowering. During the fruiting period, they bear fruit on short fruit branches and bouquet-shaped fruit branches. High yield, strong disease resistance and cold resistance.

9． Longguan

Longguan was bred by the Zhengzhou Fruit Tree Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences from the cross of Naweng and Dazi. It was approved by the Henan Crop Variety Approval Committee in May 1996. The fruit is wide and heart-shaped, with an average fruit weight of 6.8g and a maximum fruit weight of 12g. The peel is ruby ??red, the flesh is hard, the pulp and juice are purple-red, the juice is medium, pH 3.5, sweet and sour, rich flavor, good quality, soluble solids 13%~16%, total sugar 11.75%, The total acid is 0.78%, and every 100g of fresh fruit contains 45.70mg of vitamin C. The core is oval and sticky, and the fruit is more resistant to storage and transportation.

The tree grows robustly and has thick leaves. Under the climate conditions in Zhengzhou, no frost damage has been found on the flower buds. The flowers bloom neatly and the autoflowering fruit setting rate is as high as 25%~30%. Suitable pollination varieties are Hongmi and 3~9. Excellent system. It blooms in early April and matures in mid-May. The fruit development period is about 40 days. Fruit begins in the third year after seedlings are planted, with an average plant yield of 3.8kg and a maximum plant yield of 6.2kg. During the fruiting period, the yield can reach 1200~1500kg per 667m2.

It has strong adaptability and stress resistance. It has been introduced and tested in the central and western regions of my country, Shanxi, Anhui, Xinjiang, Guizhou, Hebei, Shandong and other places.

10. Manor

The fruit is large, weighing 8-10g per fruit, round to heart-shaped, light yellow, covered with rich rose red or crimson, with thin, tight skin. The flesh is white, tender, juicy, semi-hard, sweet and sour, and has excellent fresh food quality. Fruit matures 41 to 45 days after flowering.

The plant is strong, resistant to cold and drought, and bears fruit in the form of bouquet-shaped fruit branches and annual fruit branches. The grafted seedlings bear fruit in the 3rd to 4th year after planting. The mature tree can produce more than 1,400kg per 667m2.

11. Shengli

The fruit is large, with a single fruit weighing 10-12g, and the largest fruit weighing more than 15g. It is flat cone-shaped and purple-red. Juicy, sweet and sour, firm meat, excellent fresh food quality. The fruit matures 45 to 50 days after flowering and is resistant to storage and transportation.

The plant is strong, resistant to cold and drought, and bears fruit in the form of bouquet-shaped fruit branches and annual fruit branches. Grafted seedlings begin to bear fruit in the third year after planting, and the yield of mature trees reaches more than 1150kg per 667m2.

12． Choice

The fruits are large, neat, weighing 9~11g per fruit, round to heart-shaped, purple-red. The flesh is tender, juicy, semi-hard, sour, sweet and refreshing. The peel is fine, thin and easy to peel off. The juice is purple-red and has good fresh food quality. Fruits mature 42 to 45 days after flowering.

The plant is strong, resistant to cold and drought, and bears fruit in the form of bouquet-shaped fruit branches and annual fruit branches. Grafted seedlings begin to bear fruit in the 3rd to 4th year after planting, and mature trees produce more than 1030kg per 667m2.

13. Age

The fruit is large, weighing 9~11g per fruit, round and purple-red. The flesh is purple-red, tender, juicy, semi-hard flesh, sweet and sour, and has good fresh food quality. Fruits mature 40 to 45 days after flowering.

The plant is robust, resistant to cold and drought, and bears fruit in the form of bouquet-shaped fruit branches and annual fruit branches. Grafted seedlings begin to bear fruit in the 3rd to 4th year after planting, and mature trees produce more than 1220kg per 667m2.

14. Cosmos

The fruit is large and neat, weighing 9~11g per fruit, round to heart-shaped, the fruit is crimson and very beautiful. The flesh is creamy, juicy, sweet and sour, hard flesh, colorless juice, good fresh food quality. Fruits mature 50 to 55 days after flowering.

The plant is strong, resistant to cold and drought, and bears fruit in the form of bouquet-shaped fruit branches and annual fruit branches. Grafted seedlings begin to bear fruit in the 3rd to 4th year after planting, and the yield of mature trees can reach more than 1140kg per 667m2.

15. Sato Nishiki

Sato Nishiki was bred by Sato Eisuke from Higashine City, Yamakyo Prefecture, Japan, in the first year of Taisho, using topaz × Naon. In 1928, Nakajima Tenkoen was named Sato Nishiki. In 1986, Yantai and Weihai introduced cultivation, showing high yield and high quality, and cultivation is being expanded.

The fruit is medium to large in size, with an average fruit weight of 6.7g. It is short and heart-shaped, with yellow skin with a bright red color and beautiful luster. The flesh is white with bright yellow, thick flesh, small core, soluble solid content reaches 18%, sweet and sour taste, less sour taste, good taste and high quality. In Yantai, Shandong, it matures in early June, 5 days earlier than Naweng. The fruit is hard, resistant to storage and transportation, has high yield, and has the best fresh food quality. Japan considers it to be the most competitive fresh food variety. Sato Nishiki has strong adaptability and can be cultivated in gravelly loam and sandy loam in hilly areas. The growth results are good. However, after the introduction and trial planting in my country, the color and maturity period were found to be unsatisfactory.

16. Rainey

It is a variety jointly developed by the Washington State Agricultural Experiment Station and the Department of Agriculture in the United States in 1960. The hybrid combination is Binku × Pioneer. Named. It was introduced to my country from the United States in 1983 by the Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. In 1984, it was introduced to the Shandong Fruit Research Institute for trial planting. In 1985, it was spread to Yantai and has now been promoted in the central and southern regions of Shandong.

The fruit is large, with an average fruit weight of 8~9g, the largest fruit reaching 12g, and the fruit is heart-shaped. The peel has a yellow background color and is rich in bright red blush. It can be completely red in the well-illuminated parts, which is very bright and beautiful. The pulp is colorless, hard in texture, with high soluble solids content, up to 15% to 17% under conditions in central and southern Shandong. It has good flavor and good quality. Free from the core, the core is small, and the edible part reaches 93%. Resistant to fruit cracking, resistant to storage and transportation, suitable for both raw eating and processing. It matures in early to mid-June in the Jiaodong Peninsula and matures in early June in the Nanshan District of central Shandong. It is an excellent variety with high yield and high quality.

The tree is strong, with thick branches, short internodes and a compact crown. Mainly produces fruit on short branches, with early fruit and high yield. It bears fruit 3 years after planting, and enters the fruiting period in 5 to 6 years. The five-year-old tree yields 20kg. It has a lot of pollen and is a good pollination species for Binku.

This variety has large fruits, beautiful appearance, good quality, hard texture, is resistant to storage and transportation, can be used both for fresh eating and processing, and has great development potential.

17. Pioneer

Pioneer, translated as Fan, was bred in Columbia, Canada.

It is cultivated in various countries in Europe, the United States and Asia. In 1983, the Zhengzhou Fruit Tree Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences introduced it from the United States. In 1984, it was introduced to Taian, Shandong Province for trial planting by the Shandong Fruit Tree Research Institute.

The fruits are large, with an average fruit weight of 8.6g and a maximum fruit weight of 10.5g. The fruit is kidney-shaped, purple-red, brightly lustrous, with obvious sutures, and its obvious characteristics are short and thick fruit stems. The peel is thick and tough, the flesh is rose red, the flesh is crisp and hard, plump, juicy, sweet and sour, with a soluble solids content of 17% to 19%, good flavor, good quality, and an edible rate of 92.1%. The nucleus is small and round. It matures in mid-to-late June in Jiaodong Peninsula and early to mid-June in central and southern Shandong, and is resistant to storage and transportation.

The tree is strong and has thick branches. It has good yield and rarely cracks fruits. Suitable pollination trees are Binku, Naweng and Reni. Pioneer has more pollen and is also an excellent pollinator variety. After trial planting at many sites, it has been found that its early fruiting and high yield properties are very good, and the fruit is large, resistant to storage and transportation, and resistant to fruit cracking. The trial planting can be further expanded.

Van Compact has the same fruit characteristics as Van Compact such as early fruiting and high yield. The only difference is that the crown is smaller and more compact than Van Compact, making it more suitable for dense planting.

18. Binku

Original from Oregon, USA, it is a natural hybrid of Republic. It has a cultivation history of more than 100 years and is one of the main varieties grown in the United States and Canada. In 1982, Shandong Foreign Trade introduced Shandong Fruit Research Institute from Canada, and in 1983, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences introduced trial planting from the United States.

The fruit is large, with an average fruit weight of 7.2g. The fruit is heart-shaped, with a wide and deep stem depression, a flat top, a short deep groove on the side of the suture near the stem depression, and a thick and short fruit stem. The peel is rich red to purple, beautiful in appearance and thick in color. The flesh is pink, crisp and hard in texture, juicy and light red. Semi-core, small core, moderate sweetness and sourness, high quality. It matures in mid-to-late June on the Jiaodong Peninsula and early to mid-June in central and southern Shandong. It has high yield, good yield stability, and is resistant to storage and transportation. Fruits may crack when exposed to rain before harvesting. Suitable pollination varieties include Da Zi, Zao Zi, Hong Deng, Stanler, etc.

The tree is strong, with thick and upright branches, a large crown, a relatively open posture, and the majority of bouquet-shaped fruiting branches. The leaves are large, obovate-elliptic. It has high yield, high quality, strong adaptability, and is resistant to storage and transportation. It is an excellent late-maturing variety.

19． Steinle

Stanler is the first self-flowering sweet cherry variety bred in Canada and has been widely introduced and tested in countries around the world. In 1987, Shandong Provincial Fruit Research Institute introduced it from Australia, and it is cultivated in small quantities in Tai'an and Yantai.

The fruits are large or medium-large, with an average fruit weight of 7.1~9g and a large fruit of 10.2g. The fruit is heart-shaped, with slender stems, purple-red skin and bright luster. The flesh is light red, dense in texture, juicy, sweet and sour, and has good flavor. It contains 17% to 19% soluble solids. The peel is thick and tough, the edible rate is 91%, and the core is large and oval. It is resistant to storage and transportation and matures in mid-to-late June in Jiaodong Peninsula and early June in central and southern Shandong.

The tree is strong, self-fertile and has abundant pollen, making it a good pollinator. It has good early fruiting and high yield, and is resistant to fruit cracking, so it can be further expanded for trial planting.

20. Rabins

Labins is another self-fertile variety bred in Canada. The cross combination is Pioneer × Steiner, which is one of the key varieties promoted in Canada. Introduced to Yantai, Shandong Province in 1988.

The fruit is large, with an average fruit weight of 8g, and Canada reports an average fruit weight of 11.5g. The fruit is nearly round or oval, purple-red, shiny and beautiful. The fruit stems are medium long and medium thick and are not prone to wilting. The peel is thick and tough, the flesh is thick, crisp and hard, with a lot of juice, 16% soluble solids, good flavor and high quality. Shandong Yantai matures in late June and is more resistant to storage and transportation.

The tree is strong and upright, cold-resistant, self-flowering and fruit-bearing, and can be used as a pollinator tree for other varieties. Trial planting showed that early fruiting and high yield were good, and fruit cracking was light. Trial planting can be further expanded.