Located in the northwest suburb of Beijing, Yuanmingyuan was built in the Ming Dynasty. 1709, Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty gave the park to the fourth son Yin Zhen (later Yong Zhengdi) and named it Yuanmingyuan. After more than 50 years' operation by the five emperors Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng/kloc-,we have concentrated a large number of material resources, served countless skilled craftsmen, poured the blood and sweat of millions of working people, and built it into a detached palace with grand scale and beautiful scenery.
Every summer, the Qing emperors came here to escape the heat, listen to politics and handle military and political affairs, so they were also called "Summer Palace". Yuanmingyuan is surrounded by 10 km, and consists of Yuanmingyuan, Wanchun Garden and Changchun Garden, among which Yuanmingyuan is the largest, so it is collectively called Yuanmingyuan (also known as Yuanming Three Gardens). In addition, there are many subordinate gardens located in the east, west and south of Yuanmingyuan, including Jingyi Garden in Xiangshan Mountain, Jingming Garden in Yuquan Mountain, Qingyi Garden (the later Summer Palace was built on this basis), etc., with a total area of more than 5,000 mu.
Yuanmingyuan not only brought together several famous scenic spots in the south of the Yangtze River, but also creatively transplanted western garden buildings, which was a masterpiece of gardening art at that time. There are magnificent palaces, light and exquisite pavilions and terraces in the garden; There are "buying and selling streets" symbolizing busy markets and "mountain villas" symbolizing rural scenery; Some are modeled after the autumn moon in Pinghu and the sunset photos of Leifeng in Hangzhou West Lake, and some are modeled after the scenic spots in Suzhou Lion Forest. There are also poems and paintings modeled after ancient poets and painters, such as Penglai Yaotai and Wuling Spring Scenery. It can be said that Yuanmingyuan is the crystallization of the wisdom and sweat of the working people in China, and it is also built by the people of China.
Build a model of art and culture. Not only that, the Yuanmingyuan also contains countless priceless treasures of various styles, extremely rare historical classics and rich and precious historical relics, such as paintings, gold and silver jewelry, Song and Yuan porcelain, etc. It can be called one of the treasure houses of human culture, and it can also be said that it is the largest museum in the world. 10.6, the British and French allied forces broke into Yuanmingyuan, and immediately carried out a frantic robbery.
The first to break into Yuanmingyuan was the French invaders, who robbed everything they saw. The treasures packed in the pockets of every French soldier were worth 30,000 to 40,000 francs. They came in empty-handed and returned loaded. In the French military camp, there are rare clocks, colorful silks and satins, and precious works of art worth 30 million francs. Although the British invaders came a little late, their pockets were full of gold and silver. To make matters worse, they smashed the big porcelain and enamel bottles that could not be moved.
After the British and French invaders looted the Yuanmingyuan, in order to eliminate the spoils and cover up the crime, the British Plenipotentiary Erkin, with the support of British Prime Minister Pa Max Don, ordered the Yuanmingyuan to be burned. Large-scale burning * * * twice, the first time was1October 7-9, mainly burning Yuanmingyuan, and the fire burned for three days and nights, making this world-famous garden a scorched earth. This catastrophe, as described and criticized by Hugo, a famous French writer, is that one day, two robbers broke into the Summer Palace, one robbed and the other set fire to it. Victory can be a robber.