The quality of afforestation land directly affects the growth and nutrition supply in Tang Zhu, and also affects the emergence time and yield of bamboo shoots in Tang Zhu. Afforestation sites should choose black sandy soil and sandy loam with leeward and sunny slope, deep and fertile soil layer, loose and breathable, and good drainage. The annual average relative humidity of air is 80.5%.
Soil preparation technology
Before afforestation, soil preparation should be carried out in autumn and winter. The land preparation method should be determined according to the labor force, afforestation conditions, afforestation methods and environmental protection requirements, which can be generally divided into the following three ways: comprehensive land preparation method: it is suitable for afforestation land with small slope, and the reclamation depth is 40 ~ 50cm； during land preparation; Strip soil preparation method: suitable for afforestation land with slope of 20 ~ 30 degrees. The whole belt is parallel to the contour line, and the width is 2 ~ 3 meters. The uncultivated areas should be reclaimed within 2 ~ 3 years after afforestation; Block soil preparation method: suitable for afforestation land with insufficient labor force or slope greater than 30 degrees. In the forest land where shrubs and vines have been thoroughly cleaned, the planting point is determined according to the afforestation density. Generally, the block size is 2m× 1.5m or 1.5m× 1.5m and the depth is 40cm. The uncultivated land will be reclaimed in the next three or four years.
Mother bamboo selection technology
Mother bamboo selection technology includes mother bamboo selection, mother bamboo excavation and mother bamboo transportation.
1. Selection of mother bamboo
It is appropriate to use 1 ~ 2-year-old bamboo for transplanting mother bamboo, and the thickness should be 1 ~ 1.5 cm. Mother bamboo should be healthy and upright, with low branches, lush foliage, normal bamboo joints and no pests and diseases.
2. Mother bamboo excavation
After the mother bamboo is selected, dig the soil layer 30 cm away from the root of the mother bamboo and carefully look for the bamboo whip connected with the bamboo. Dig trenches on both sides of the bamboo whip, and the exposed whip and the emerging whip are 20 cm long and the emerging whip is 30 cm long. Cut them off and leave 4-5 branches. Then dig out the mother bamboo together with the bamboo whip. Bamboo forests in four seasons have high density. Usually, several mother bamboos grow very close on the same whip, so it is difficult to separate them when digging them. Two or three plants can be dug and planted together.
3. Mother bamboo transportation
In order to prevent the soil from falling off and the "screws" from being damaged, long-distance transportation needs to be bandaged. When picking or lifting, the bamboo pole should be upright to minimize the transportation time.
Planting techniques of mother bamboo
Generally speaking, early winter to early spring and rainy season are the suitable seasons for bamboo afforestation. The density of planting holes is 80 ~ 100 plants per mu, and the specifications are 60 cm long, 60 cm wide and 50 cm deep. During afforestation, the topsoil is first backfilled into the planting hole with the thickness of 10 ~ 15cm, and then the root disc of mother bamboo is untied, and the mother bamboo is put into the hole, so that the root disc is parallel to the ground surface, and the whip root is stretched, and the lower part is firmly connected with the soil. Then pour "root-fixing water" to further combine the root system with the soil, and cover the soil after the water completely penetrates into the soil, and pile it into a thin steamed bread shape at the root of the bamboo pole. Tangzhu should be planted shallowly, not deeply. The surface of the root disk of the mother bamboo is 3 cm lower than the surface of the planting hole. Drains shall be opened above 1 m and on both sides of planting hole slope to prevent waterlogging and whiplash. In windy places, support frames should be added to prevent bamboo poles from shaking.
Young forest tending technology
1. Drought and drainage. In the process of digging, transporting and planting the newly planted mother bamboo, the root of the whip was damaged and the growth of Tang Zhu was damaged. Only when the soil is moist and there is no water can the whip root get enough water and air, which is conducive to the recovery of growth and development. In case of long drought and dry soil, the newly planted bamboo should be watered and irrigated in time. When the rain is unclear for a long time and the forest land is flooded, it must be drained in time.
Loosening soil and clearing weeds.
The newly-built Phyllostachys pubescens forest is sparse, and the woodland is full of light, which is easy to breed weeds and shrubs. If it is not eradicated in time, it will not only consume water and nutrients in the bamboo forest, but also directly hinder the growth of bamboo and even cause pests and diseases. Therefore, the new bamboo forest was weeded 2 ~ 3 times in the first year or two, and weeded 1 ~ 2 times in the third year. The first time was from March to April, the second time was from May to June and the third time was from August to September. If weeding and loosening the soil is carried out once a year, it can be carried out in July ~ August.
The bamboo forest with comprehensive soil preparation can completely weed and loosen the soil, and the depth of loosening the soil is 15 ~ 20 cm, and weeds can be turned into the soil to be used as fertilizer. The original bamboo forest with banded or blocky soil preparation can expand the scope of loosening the soil around the mother bamboo, with a depth of 30 cm, and stumps, stones, grass roots, etc. can be dug up during reclamation. In 2 ~ 3 years, the scope of reclamation will be gradually expanded, reaching a contiguous full reclamation.
3. Appropriate fertilization.
After the bamboo forest survived, it began to whip or shoot. If you don't apply base fertilizer when planting bamboo, it is not enough to rely on the natural fertility of the soil, so you need to apply fertilizer in time to supplement nutrients. According to the needs of bamboo growth and the physical and chemical properties of soil in afforestation area, fertilizer should be applied reasonably according to local conditions. Generally speaking, all kinds of fertilizers can be used in newly-built bamboo forests, but soil miscellaneous fertilizers such as manure, compost and cake fertilizer should be used, or grass should be used instead of fertilizer, and then appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer should be added to improve fertilizer efficiency.
Applying late-acting organic fertilizer in autumn and winter can not only increase the fertility of forest land, but also maintain the soil temperature, which is very beneficial to the overwintering of Hsinchu whip buds. Quick-acting chemical fertilizer, cake fertilizer and human excrement should be applied in time in spring and summer to meet the needs of bamboo growth.
Bamboo shoot excavation technology
Bamboo shoots in Tang Zhu have a long emergence period and a large number, which should be excavated in time. When digging bamboo shoots, dig when the bamboo shoots are unearthed 25 cm from May to July, and dig them all out. Excavate in August ~165438+10 when bamboo shoots are unearthed 10 cm, and leave about 300 female bamboos per mu from August to September. To protect mother bamboo, we should follow the principles of raising young bamboo, strengthening weak bamboo, and keeping dense bamboo, so as to ensure the balance of mother bamboo in Liu Zhu.
Preservation and cultivation techniques of mother bamboo
Keep 300 mother bamboos per mu every year. At the end of August-September, the same amount of 4-year-old bamboo was dug out for renewal. There are 800 ~ 1000 standing bamboos per mu, and the age class composition is 30% for one year, 30% for two years, 30% for three years, and 5% ~ 10% for four years can be left in some open spaces, with a radius of1.5 ~ 2.5cm.. After the leaves of Hsinchu show off, they can be hooked and branches can be left 10 ~ 12. In the absence of snow, you don't have to use the hook tip.