The skin itself is divided into two layers: epidermis and dermis. Epidermis belongs to stratified epithelium, which can be divided into stratum corneum and mucus layer. There is a protective film on the surface of stratum corneum, called sebum film, which is formed by emulsification of oil secreted by sebaceous glands, lipid produced by keratinocytes, sweat secreted by sweat glands and exfoliated keratinocytes at low temperature. We often say that the skin barrier is composed of cuticle and sebum membrane of epidermis.
Our skin can be mainly divided into four types: dry, neutral, oily and mixed skin:
1, dry skin
Dry skin refers to the skin whose cuticle moisture is lower than 10% due to the decrease of sebaceous gland secretion, the damage of skin barrier and the increase of epidermal water loss.
Dry skin is delicate and thin, pores are not obvious, sebum secretion is small and even, it will be dry, and it will look clean, delicate and beautiful, but it can't withstand external stimuli, such as wind and sun, and the skin will flush or even burn after stimulation. Long-term water shortage is more likely to produce dry lines and fine lines than other skin types, and it is easier to relax and age.
The most important point of dry skin care is to ensure that the skin gets enough moisture. First of all, when choosing clean skin care products, use skin care products with strong alkalinity and fruit acid, and scrub them carefully, so as not to inhibit the secretion of sebum and sweat, destroy the skin barrier and make the skin drier. In addition, moisturizing emulsion or emulsion and cream should be used to replenish skin moisture to prevent skin dryness and peeling, which is helpful to protect skin and delay aging.
2、 ? neutral skin
Neutral skin is healthy and ideal skin, with moderate sebum secretion and smooth sebaceous gland excretion, which is between dry and oily skin and insensitive to external stimuli. The skin is smooth and delicate, shiny, with fine pores and rosy appearance.
Smooth, flawless and elastic. It has a certain tolerance to external stimuli such as wind and sun, and is not easy to wrinkle and take off makeup.
Even so, neutral skin still needs careful care to keep it in good condition. Because the seasons of neutral skin change greatly, it is dry in winter and oily in summer, so we should choose products that moisturize or inhibit oil according to the seasons. There are a wide range of cleansing products to choose from. Hydrogel, solid or liquid cleanser, advanced beauty soap with moisturizing effect on skin or hydrophilic cleanser are the best. Usually use lotion and lotion, and choose products with less oil content for eye cream. Pore care should be carried out in spring and summer, and moisturizing and eye care should be paid attention to in autumn and winter.
3、 ? oily skin
The sebaceous gland secretion function of oily skin is relatively strong, the face is greasy, it is not easy to clean, and there is oily sebum, which affects the appearance. Oily skin is mostly dark in color, with thick pores, greasy and bright skin, which is easy to attach dust and dirt, causing skin infection and acne.
People with oily skin choose amino acid cleaning products that control oil and are mild and non-irritating. The cleaning water temperature is preferably around 20℃. Overheating can cause sebum moisture loss, while supercooling can't completely clean it.
Moisturizing water is very important for oily skin care. The reason why skin produces oil is because when the body is short of water, the body will overdraw the skin's water, and the skin will automatically secrete oil to protect the body's water, so moisturizing is the key to controlling oil. In addition, you can use shrinking water containing a small amount of alcohol, which can not only replenish water, adjust the acid-base balance of the skin, but also shrink pores and inhibit oil secretion.
4. Sensitive skin
It is generally believed that sensitive skin is a highly intolerant skin state, which is easily stimulated by various factors and produces multifactorial syndrome. Subjective symptoms include tingling, burning, tightness and itching. The skin looks normal or accompanied by mild desquamation, erythema and dryness. Common in white, dry and thin skin, it mainly reacts to environmental factors, such as cold, heat and rapid temperature change.
In nursing, you can choose sensitive and non-irritating skin care products, which often contain calcium pantothenate, carboxymethyl β -glucan and so on. And use soothing products to build a skin barrier, and then choose products that tolerate whitening or freckle and acne. Try to avoid re-irritation to the skin, and try to reduce facial steaming, massage, exfoliation and other beauty measures. Because the skin is dry, you can use a moisturizing product containing a proper proportion of lipids. For patients with severe symptoms that affect their daily life, oral antihistamines can be taken according to the doctor's advice, and non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs can be used externally to relieve symptoms.
5、 ? Mixed skin
Mixed skin has the same characteristics as oily skin and dry skin, and can be divided into mixed oily skin and mixed dry skin. Mixed skin has abundant oil secretion in forehead, nose, mouth and jaw, greasy skin, rough texture and large pores. The pH value of skin is more alkaline than that of healthy skin, which is easy to breed bacteria, leading to acne and blackheads, but other parts, especially cheeks, eyes and corners of the mouth, are dry and prone to wrinkles.
This kind of skin can be cared in different areas, and different skin care products can be used according to different parts of the face. In the dry season, moisturizing lotion should be used on the whole face, especially on the cheeks, and can be applied mainly. Then wipe off the excess emulsion in the oil part with a paper towel. Choose oily skin care products in autumn and winter or when oil secretion is low.
So] how to distinguish between mixed oil skin and mixed dry skin?
The similarity between these two skin types is that T area is easy to produce oil, while mixed skin has more oil in T area. Oily mixed skin is a kind of oily mixed skin. The most obvious performance is that T area is easy to get oil, and it is easy to make the skin grow acne, blackheads, large pores and blockage. Dry-mixed skin is a kind of dry mixed skin, which is prone to skin spots, dehydration, peeling and some dry lines on the face. Therefore, in daily skin care, we should distinguish our skin types and carry out targeted skin care. If you can't tell the difference between oily skin and dry skin, you can observe whether blackheads spread from the nose to the cheeks from the pore state of the skin. If so, then this kind of skin is oily skin.