Interesting talk about Russian food culture "five heads" and "four donkey kong". What do the three musketeers Russians eat? The most important things are bread, milk, potatoes, cheese and sausages-"Five Leaders", Chinese cabbage, onions, carrots and beets-"Four donkey kong", and black bread, vodka and caviar-"Three Musketeers". As early as before liberation, Shanghainese called spindle-shaped salty bread "Russian bread". When I arrived in Russia, I realized that sweet bread with various tastes and fancy appearance was used as tea, and only "Luo Song bread" with a slight salty taste was the "staple food" that local meals could never leave. Bread made from "hard wheat" and "strong wheat" produced here is very gluten-free, and it does not drop residue when dried. As for milk, it is the favorite of Russians. The milk consumption in Russia is close to 65,438+0 liters per person per day. As early as the last century, cooking porridge with white water instead of milk was regarded as a sign of extreme poverty here. Khrushchev once simplified * * * productism to "roast beef with potatoes", which shows Russian people's love for potatoes. A spokesman for the Soviet Foreign Ministry once quoted an old saying: the shorter the speech, the better, and the longer the sausage. This shows their deep affection for sausages. Krylov, a Russian writer, has a fable that the fox lured the crow to open his mouth and cheated him of his cheese. This shows that Russians regard cheese as a synonym for food. Black bread, vodka and caviar, to some extent, diet is a reflection of national characteristics. The Russian nation is rough and bold, simple and sincere, and the traditional diet is simple and straightforward. In the early days, Russians didn't have high dietary requirements-large quantity, heavy oil and hot food. Black bread and cabbage soup meet these three standards. A strong man who does manual labor has to eat two or three Jin of bread at a time, while hard and rough bread can only be swallowed with a lot of oily cabbage soup. Russian black bread has a thick skin, a sour and salty taste and a color like sorghum. People who don't know the situation think that this food is inferior, and once regarded it as strong evidence that the Soviet people "suffered twice and suffered twice." In fact, black bread is not only full of nutrition, but also easy to digest, which is very beneficial to the stomach, especially suitable for meat dishes such as fish. This is because the yeast used for brown bread fermentation contains many vitamins and biological enzymes. Hundreds of years ago, Russians learned this truth by experience. From the Duke of alexander nevsky in the13rd century to the present, the main food of Russian soldiers has been black bread. The most delicious is the bread baked in the countryside by the method handed down from our ancestors. Bread blanks as big as a small washbasin are sent to a Russian oven with uniform temperature for slow baking, and the top grade is lollipop when they are discharged. In the ancient Russian countryside, you can make enough bread for a week at a time. This is because making bread is very troublesome and dough fermentation takes nearly two days. A big jar of noodles, hands are not hard, just wash your feet and jump in and kick. Vodka is another portrayal of Russian national character. The direct meaning of vodka is "lovely water", and Russians have a special liking for it. Children and women are also included, and the per capita consumption here is100g per day. Vodka is generally 40 degrees, together with brandy and whisky, it is the three major spirits in the world. However, compared with whisky with iced soda before meals and brandy sipped slowly after meals, Russians are much bolder to drink vodka, even if a large glass is full, it is "boring". Vodka tastes better when chilled. It's good to drink with salted herring or black caviar, but the drinker doesn't need any appetizers. A glass of wine and a smell of brown bread are enough. Europeans regard caviar as the first-class food, among which Russian products are the top grade. There are three kinds of caviar: gray (Pacific fish), red (salmon) and black (sturgeon). Gray tastes heavy, red is too fishy, and black is the best. Even in the 1950s, when the output of black caviar was 10 times higher than it is now, it was a rare enjoyment for Russians to eat a piece of bread with caviar butter. Russians are warm and practical to their friends. No matter how rich or poor they are, no matter how good their cooking skills are, as the Russian proverb says, "What is in the stove is what is on the table". Russians are polite to their guests, make an appointment a week in advance, and regular customers come in to shake hands and hug and put on comfortable felt slippers; The dining table must be covered with tablecloths and napkins, and the knives, forks and porcelain plates must be wiped clean without any water stains. Russian intellectuals pay attention to "feel at home", drink whatever they want, drink as much as they want, and never persuade them to drink; If you eat your favorite dish, the host will be very happy. Toast frequently during the dinner, because Russians don't say toasting is an improper wine glass. Don't forget to propose a toast to the hostess. Russian fathers usually don't leave the kitchen. In order to entertain guests, the hostess may be busy for a day or two The richness and diversity of Russian cuisine are especially reflected in cold dishes, such as kimchi, salad, sausage, cheese, fish jelly, etc ... Family dinners often have nearly ten kinds of cold dishes. There is generally no soup for dinner, followed by cold dishes, usually roast chicken, roast duck and grilled fish. Russian food was originally very simple, as the saying goes, cabbage soup, oatmeal, Russian home cooking. However, Russians "take good advice", whether it's China jiaozi, sausage, English steak, Tatar's sheep's hoof, Ukrainian red vegetable soup, car olivier salad, and other foreign dishes, they all turned into russian cuisine in the end. Russian tableware is very simple. Everyone has a big wooden spoon in his right hand and a big piece of bread as a plate in his left hand. Cups, plates, knives and forks from western Europe only entered ordinary families in the19th century. In the early days, when farmers were eating, parents sat at one end of a long table, housewives put a big pot of cabbage soup and buttered oatmeal in the middle, and sat at the other end of the long table, while the old man and children sat on both sides of the long table. Everyone scooped up the soup and sent it to their mouths with bread. Only when the head of the family has finished scooping the soup can the rest of the family take turns drinking the soup. If the child is "offside" or scoops up two spoonfuls of soup, dad will knock his forehead with a wooden spoon as an example. In the 1980s, foreign fast food such as McDonald's entered Russia with Gorbachev's "opening up", and the customers who came in front of the first McDonald's in Moscow lined up for hundreds of meters ... Now, Beijing roast duck, Japanese cuisine, Korean barbecue and Turkish pancakes have all settled in Moscow. Of course, Russian food has the most reasonable price and the purest taste. Although Russians, like European and American residents, mainly eat high-fat and high-calorie meat such as cream and meat, at the same time, drinking a lot of milk and its products and drinking tea every day is very beneficial to reducing blood fat, losing weight and preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular sclerosis. Although China is mainly vegetarian, the proportion of people with cerebrovascular diseases and hyperlipidemia is very high. It may be related to eating less dairy products and drinking tea infrequently. Russian diet, dishes are still relatively rich, and the production is simple, and the time to eat is not long. Today, the pace of life is getting faster and faster, which can also be used for reference. Russian-style pies, accompanied by Russian pies all their lives, occupy an important position in Russian cuisine. As an important dish, pie is essential in every important festival, New Year, baptism, birthday, naming day, wedding and funeral. Russian pie has many meanings, such as "sun", "big festival", "bumper harvest", "healthy children" and "happy marriage". An old Russian proverb says: Russians are accompanied by pies all their lives. In Russia, not only the methods of making pies are varied, but also the materials and shapes of pies are different. Russian pie belongs to yeast fermented pie, which can be divided into yellow rice pie, buckwheat rice pie and flour pie according to the different raw materials used. There are many shapes of Russian pies, including triangle, square, rectangle, pizza-style exposed pie, semi-exposed pie, closed pie and so on. The names of the pies are also very interesting, such as "Gureyev Ski Cake"; Named "wedding cake" for its purpose; There are also "Chinese cabbage pie", "jam pie" and "milk residue cake" named after fillings ... Most pancakes are served with honey and strawberry sweet sauce, and some pies can be served with tomatoes and cucumbers. Pie is an ideal food or gift when drinking vodka or giving it to friends and relatives. When children quarrel at home, the mother will make a big cake for everyone to share, which means "reconciliation is as good as ever". There is also a kind of pie called "wedding pie" in Russia. Its making method is very interesting and represents a special Russian custom. When a couple of Russian youths are preparing to get married, on the wedding day, both men and women will make a traditional pie, which consists of pancakes and several fillings, in addition to cooking all kinds of delicious food to entertain guests. And the most special thing is the cover of this pie. When making a cake cover, the patterns made by the husband and wife will be different: the pattern of the cake in the husband's family should be made into a figure of a villain, indicating that "people are prosperous", while the pattern on the wife's side should be dominated by flowers, symbolizing beauty and loyalty.