The second expedition to Greece. Marathon battle. Greek infantry occupied favorable terrain. The main force is divided into two wings, and most of the Persian cavalry have not yet arrived at the battle site, pretending to attack head-on. The Persian army relied on its military superiority and adopted the central breakthrough tactics. The Greek Chinese army fought and retreated, and the Persian army advanced step by step. The Greek army suddenly launched a two-wing attack, and its pike-intensive phalanx offensive was fierce. The Persian army could not resist and retreated hastily. The Greek army pursued the victory, and the Persian army was defeated and retreated to the sea to return home. In this campaign, the Greek army wiped out 6,400 enemies, seized a number of ships, and lost less than 200 people. Marathon battle has become one of the examples in the history of ancient war.
The third expedition to Greece. In the battle of Salamis, the Persian fleet was absolutely dominant in number, showing a siege situation. The Greek fleet hid behind Mount Egaleos, formed a two-line battle formation and bravely launched an attack. Greek warships are small in hull and can move freely, and they can attack enemy ships flexibly. The Persian warships with huge hulls were out of order, and were in a passive position, and even collided with each other and sank. The Persian navy suffered heavy losses, and Xerxes I, a newly recruited Greek, was afraid that the rear road would be cut off and fled home in a panic. Its army retreated to northern Greece. In August 479 BC, Zhongdian, the armies of Greece and Poland held a decisive battle near Bradi. Bossani, the commander-in-chief of Sparta, led the Greek Coalition forces of about10,000, which severely damaged the Persian army with obvious advantages. The third expedition of the Persians ended in failure.
After that 10 years, the two sides prepared for the war nervously. Persia collected a large number of soldiers and materials, built a large number of ships, erected pontoons and dug canals. On the Greek side, the Athens government built 100 more than three-layer paddle warships, expanded various fortifications, and strengthened naval training. More than 30 city-states formed a military alliance and elected Sparta, which has a strong army, as its ally, ready to resist the Persian invasion at any time.
In the spring of 480 BC, Darius I's successor, Xerxes I, dispatched about 250,000 men and/kloc-0,000 warships to Greece. The Persian army marched westward along Thrace, occupied northern Greece, forced some city-states to surrender, conquered the hot spring pass in central Greece, and then asked China and Greece to March. The army invaded Athens, wreaking havoc and looting; Its navy bypassed Cape Sunion at the southern tip of Attica Peninsula and entered the narrow Salamis Strait. In late September, the naval battle of Salamis began, and the Persian fleet occupied an absolute advantage in number, showing a siege situation. The Greek fleet hid behind Mount Egaleos, formed a two-line battle formation and bravely launched an attack. Greek warships are small in hull and can move freely, and they can attack enemy ships flexibly. The Persian warships with huge hulls were out of order, and were in a passive position, and even collided with each other and sank. The Persian navy suffered heavy losses, and Xerxes I, a newly recruited Greek, was afraid that the rear road would be cut off and fled home in a panic. Its army retreated to northern Greece. In August 479 BC, Zhongdian, the armies of Greece and Poland held a decisive battle near Bradi. Bossani, the commander-in-chief of Sparta, led the Greek Coalition forces of about10,000, which severely damaged the Persian army with obvious advantages. The third expedition of the Persians ended in failure.
The Persian expedition to Greece failed, and there were many contradictions within the empire, so they were forced to retreat to the defensive. Greece, led by Athens, gradually turned to attack and took the opportunity to expand its maritime power and establish Athens' hegemony in the Aegean Sea. In 478 BC, the Athenian fleet occupied Cestos, an important town on the north bank of Hellers's Gu Strait, thus taking control of the main road leading to the Black Sea. In the same year (477 years ago), Athens joined forces with a group of Greek city-states to form a maritime alliance and seized the coastal areas of Thrace, many islands in the Aegean Sea and Byzantium, a strategic place. In 449 BC, the Greek navy hit the Persian army hard near the city of Salamis on the east coast of Cyprus, and the two sides agreed to make peace. Athens sent its plenipotentiary Carias to Susa, the capital of Persia, to negotiate and sign the Peace Treaty of Carias. As stipulated in the Peace Treaty, Persia renounced its control over the Aegean Sea, Hellers and Bosphorus (the outlet of the Black Sea) and recognized the independent status of the Greek city-states on the west coast of Asia Minor. The Greek-Persian war ended here.
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