2. Beauty and anti-aging
Anthocyanins in blueberries are the most effective natural antioxidants, data show that people often eat more than 40 kinds of fruits and vegetables, blueberries have the strongest antioxidant capacity, which shows that the appropriate drinking blueberries soaked in wine, you can improve their own antioxidant capacity, reduce the oxidation of the skin, so as to slow down the aging of the body.
3. Realm of strong immunity
Blueberry fruit is high-fiber food, can be used as a good source of fiber in the daily diet, and blueberries contain a considerable amount of potassium, potassium can help to maintain the body's fluid balance, normal blood pressure and heart function, the appropriate consumption of blueberry wine can prevent dysfunction in the body, and enhance the body's resistance to infectious diseases.
4. Enhance wisdom and brain health
Blueberries have a very high content of vitamin C and other antioxidants, can enhance brain power, prevention of Alzheimer's disease and other geriatric diseases and blueberries are rich in anthocyanin substances, to prevent dysfunction, improve short-term memory, improve the balance of older people and the coordination of the role of the appropriate drink of blueberry wine on the brain to enhance the memory of the effect.
How much blueberry wine is appropriate to drink a day
It is recommended not to exceed 50 milliliters.
Although the blueberry wine is sweet and rich, containing amino acids, vitamins, anthocyanins, calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc and other nutrients, drinking the human body also has a good help, but excessive drinking on the liver and kidney metabolism will have some damage, so blueberry wine is best to rationing, generally recommended that a normal adult day to drink the amount of blueberry wine in 50 ml or less is more appropriate.
Blueberry varieties can be divided into four categories
Dwarf
Dwarf blueberries, also known as wild blueberries, wild bush blueberries. It grows in a handful of geographic areas along the east coast of the Atlantic Ocean at high latitudes and low temperatures. Blueberries are perennial woody rare fruit trees, listed by the International Food and Agriculture Organization as one of the five health food for humans, known as the "king of the world's fruits" and "golden fruit" reputation.
Semi-highbush
Semi-highbush blueberry is a cross between the northern highbush blueberry and the wild species of dwarf lingonberry in the United States. The species combines the dwarf blueberry plant is short, cold resistance and high bush blueberry fruit quality characteristics, the general height of the tree in the 50 ~ 100cm, the fruit is larger than the dwarf bush lingonberry, but smaller than the high bush lingonberry, cold resistance, generally resistant to -35 ℃ low temperature.
Highbush
Highbush blueberries are mainly derived from wild species of corymb bilberry selections and hybrids. It is naturally found in North America. It is drought intolerant and is adapted to moist soils, forming colonies in swamps, streams, moist sandy areas, and foothills where there is groundwater seepage.
Rabbit-eye blueberry
Rabbit-eye blueberry, tall, long-lived, strong tree. Leaves are broadly elliptic to ovate. Flowers pale pink to bright pink, from the wild rabbit-eye lingonberry species selected from cultivars, the color of the fruit before maturity as red as a rabbit's eye, so the name is rabbit-eye blueberry. The fruits of wild species are black or dark black, weighing about 0.5g, thin and tasteless, with poor quality. Cultivated types of fruit weight more than 1g, juicy and fragrant, good flavor, some even better than the high bush blue blueberry.
Blueberry reproduction methods are more, such as cuttings, live, planting and other methods can be used, at present, China's cultivation of blueberries in the production of blueberries is usually based on cuttings reproduction methods, other methods such as seedling, rhizome cuttings, dividing, etc. are also applied, in recent years, through the continuous efforts of growers, tissue culture and other means of in-depth research, to explore a method for all parts of the world to be able to Simpler blueberry reproduction methods, tissue culture factory nursery methods have been applied to production, the development and application of this technology, to blueberry production provides a large number of non-toxic seedlings, but also gradually become the direction of the future production of high-quality blueberry seedlings.
Blueberry planting method
1, garden selection: according to the actual situation of the local mountainous land, choose the terrain is relatively flat, loose soil, pH value of 4.0 ~ 4.8, the soil organic matter content of 8% to 12%, good ventilation, drainage and irrigation is convenient to gently sloping as a cultivation site.
2, soil improvement: If the soil type does not meet the planting requirements of blueberries, soil improvement should be carried out before planting. Specific method is when the soil pH value is greater than 5.5, can apply charcoal and sulfur powder, so as not to soil pH value is too high to lead to the plant lack of iron loss of green, poor growth, yield reduction, when the soil pH value is less than 4, can be applied lime, so as not to heavy metal elements caused by excessive poisoning, so that the blueberry growth is poor or even death, when the soil organic matter content is less than 5%, can be increased by applying organic fertilizer such as sawdust, charcoal, rotting tree bark Improve the soil structure.
3, land preparation and fertilization: After the cultivation site is selected, deep turning before planting, with animal plough or tractor turning the ground, the depth of 20 to 25 cm is appropriate, if more weeds, can be weeded in advance. The planting rows will be made into a bed width of 120 centimeters, ditch width of 30 centimeters, bed height of 15 to 20 centimeters, flat land north-south oriented, sloping land with the contour of the bed. Before planting seedlings in the planting rows in the center of the digging depth and width of each 30 ~ 40 cm of the pit, while the bottom of the pit into the commercial organic fertilizer, the amount of 7500 kg / mu.
4, planting method: blueberry planting is more convenient, the survival rate is relatively high. Before planting, the land will be tilled and adjusted, made into a ridge or planting bed, and then in the measured planting points on the digging hole, hole depth to bury the tight seedling soil ball shall prevail. After digging a good hole, the garden soil mixed with organic matter mixed back, the seedlings off the bowl, off the bowl do not hurt the seedling roots and branches, off the bowl will be gently put into the dug hole, buried hole depth 3/4 of the soil, stamping, and make a water hole, water immediately (must be watered, watering amount should be more than less), to be all the water soaked into the soil, and then cover the soil once again, the total depth of the buried soil is to make the seedlings of the original bowl of the base of the bowl is slightly below the surface of the ridge or bed surface can be.
Blueberry field management
1, water management: blueberry planting to water 1 time, and depending on the weather drought with or without timely irrigation, the conditions of the place available straw, bark and wood chips and other cover the surface, the thickness should be 5 ~ 10 cm. Blueberries require sufficient water, generally have the conditions of the place can be 10 ~ 15 days of watering 1 time, especially drip irrigation is good. However, the planting site drainage should be good, do a good job of open ditch drainage, to avoid flooding.
2, fertilizer management: blueberry is too calcium like ammonium nitrogen fruit trees, and the body of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium content is very low. Therefore, blueberry fertilization should be especially to prevent excessive, avoid fertilizer damage. The type should choose organic fertilizer and sulfuric acid type compound fertilizer, avoid applying potassium chloride compound fertilizer. After planting the first year to apply "hard" fertilizer, generally each plant with 500 grams of commercial organic fertilizer or 50 grams of compound fertilizer, 20 cm from the root outside the ring or combined with watering into the second year to apply "heavy" fertilizer, generally each plant with 1 kg of commercial organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer 100 grams, from the root 20 cm outside the ring or combined with watering into the ring every 2 to 3 months from the root 20 cm outside the ring, the third year to apply the "smart" fertilizer, control of nitrogen fertilizer, partial application of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer.
3, plow weeding: blueberry root system is relatively shallow, closer to the surface, plow weeding will hurt the root system, advocate in addition to the small, weeding depth should not exceed 3 cm, surface coverage can effectively control the growth of weeds.
4, pruning management: the purpose of pruning is to rationally regulate the coordination of reproductive growth and nutrient growth, rational distribution of tree nutrients, to achieve the purpose of ventilation and light, to ensure high and stable production, the main methods of production are flower thinning, fruit thinning, branch thinning and stubble.
5, timely harvesting: general blueberries can be a small number of results in the third year, the rabbit eye and the South Highbush blueberry fruit maturity period is not consistent, the general harvesting needs to last 20 to 30 days, usually 1 time per week, the fruit should be manually harvested for fresh food, for processing can be used for mechanical harvesting.
Blueberry pests and diseases control
1, blueberry ulcer disease
Pathogenesis blueberry ulcer disease is also called stem rot, after the onset of the blueberry branches of the color is somewhat abnormal, covered with reddish-brown spots, which is mainly winter winterization, due to the lower temperature, or wrapped in the cold-proof material, the humidity is relatively large when the formation of the entire branch is not completely dead. The whole branch does not die completely, but forms a patch of spots. If the further development of diseased branches will gradually die, but will not be infected to other healthy branches, in the colder northern regions often appear, but the harm is not particularly great.
Control methods blueberry ulcer disease is generally in a plant of individual branches appear, spring pruning should be cut off.
2, blueberry gray mold
Symptoms of disease blueberries in the flower and fruit development is most susceptible to infection of this disease, by the opening of a single flower and soon infected buds and inflorescences, there is a layer of gray dust, and then inflorescences, flower stalks and receptacles become black and withered, fruit infection, berry rupture and rot.
Control methods ① choose more resistant varieties. ② Autumn cleanup of dead branches, diseased plants transported out in a timely manner to reduce the opportunity for disease infestation, after the onset of the increase in the application of phosphate and potassium fertilizer, seedling resistance, net shed cultivation should pay attention to the ventilation and drainage of humidity, air humidity does not exceed 65%, can effectively prevent the disease from occurring. ③ Available 50% diclofenac ammonium 500 ~ 1000 times liquid pre-flowering spray, or 50% Benlate wettable powder 1000 times liquid spray, Shi Jia Le 1000 times spray.
3, branch wilt
Symptoms of disease in the high temperature and high humidity season, this disease is prone to occur, the main manifestation of the current year's newborn branches at the base of the water-logged, and gradually become black, and finally the branches withered and died, the main symptom is the top of the death.
The method of control is to spray the base of the plant with carbendazim or metribuzin solution in the season of occurrence, and cut out the diseased branches for centralized burning.
4, blueberry storage rot
Symptoms of disease blueberry storage rot disease mainly occurs during the blueberry storage period, the fruit appeared on the gray or black mold layer, fruit softening, depression, if there is a wound in the fruit, the speed of decay is faster.
Control methods
①Rational cultivation, increase the application of organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, control the application of nitrogen fertilizer, improve the plant's resistance to disease. Pay attention to watering before harvest, improve the calcium content of the fruit, enhance the fruit storage resistance.
② timely harvesting, avoid bruising, most areas of artificial harvesting, improve the quality of harvesting, to extend the storage period.
③ sterilization before storage, sulfur powder can be used for fumigation to improve blueberry storage, extend the storage period, to achieve the purpose of preservation.
5, blueberry stiff fruit disease
Symptoms of disease mycelium in the leaf and flower surface of the intracellular and extracellular development, causing cell rupture and death, resulting in new leaves, buds, stems, inflorescences, etc., suddenly wilted, brown, 3-4 weeks later, by the spores of the fungus produced by the powdery material covering the leaf blade leaf veins, stem tip, styles, and to the spread of the open flowers, the second infestation, and ultimately infested with Fruit wilting, water loss, drying, shedding, zombie-like.
Control methods early spring spraying 50% urea, can control the initial stage of the stiff fruit, before the flowering of the spray 20% of the zinhydrin can control the first and second infestation, the effect can be up to 90% or more. Zinamine is now the most effective fungicide for the control of blueberry stiff fruit disease.
6, pest control
Hazardous characteristics of blueberry common insect pests are mainly aphids, mites, fruit flies, aspen, branch-topping heartworms, etc., for the damage to the leaves, fruits, branches and trunks. Among them, leaf pests such as aphids and mites are controlled with biopesticides.
Control methods for the aspis, heart-eating insects and other branch and trunk pests, after understanding its life history, available biopesticides spray larvae, fruit pests such as fruit flies and some aspis can be used in May-July sugar and vinegar solution to trap adult beetles, especially in early May began to trap the first to second generation of adult beetles, is the fruit ripening in June-July to reduce the damage of the full season of the very critical control measures.