At present, the main varieties of yam planted are fine hair long yam, two hair yam and Japanese "Yamato" yam and other varieties. Fine hair long yam and hairy yam belong to the common yam long column varieties. Japanese yam is a strong adaptability, good quality, disease resistance, high yield, promising varieties.
2, selecting the ground ditching bed
The yam planting should try to avoid heavy cropping, generally every three years to rotate once, and avoid planting peanuts, red taro stubble. To choose a deep, loose and fertile soil plots as well, the requirements of the upper and lower soil quality is consistent, such as the lower layer of clay soil layer and white sandy hillock soil layer, ditching should be thoroughly broken, at least 1 ~ 1.2 meters of soil layer can not be clay, soil sand particles, such as interlayers. Otherwise, it will affect the appearance of the tubers and have an impact on the quality. The soil is preferable to neutral, and at present, the opening of furrows is generally used to mechanically open the furrow. Yam cultivation in the north-south direction is appropriate, can take two rows of planting or single row planting (according to individual plots need to be east-west planting when you can take the row spacing widening), two rows of planting, large row spacing of 1.7 ~ 1.8 meters, small row spacing (ditch spacing of two trips of the yam) 40 centimeters, the plant spacing in the 20 ~ 25 centimeters, the depth of the ditch 85 ~ 100 centimeters, the ditch width of 70 centimeters. When leveling the ground and beds, it should be leveled to prevent uneven watering when watering. It is also necessary to do a good job of drainage design to ensure that there is no stagnant water in the field beds. Single row planting row spacing 80 to 100 cm, ditch width 30 cm, ditch depth 90 to 100 cm, plant spacing 20 to 25 cm.
3, timely sowing
Greenhouse yam are generally around New Year's Day to start planting, the general requirements of the surface 5 cm ground temperature stabilization more than 9 ~ 10 ℃. Before sowing the yam seedlings to dry a little, so that you can activate the seed potato, but also can play a role in sterilization, high germination rate. If you use yam stems cut off to make seed potato, you can use lime powder to dip well in time at the incision, which can play the role of sterilization. In the seed to do a piece of buds under, the size of the general large piece under, so that the buds will come out of the flush, in addition, but also with 500 times of carbendazim, 1000 times of powder rust Ning, 72% of Chlorothalonil 1000 times soaked seeds for 3 to 5 minutes, drying can be sown, can be sprayed on the surface of the seed before sowing the new Takanobaric film.
Yam to organic fertilizers (such as rotting cake fertilizer, chicken manure, duck manure or human and animal manure, etc.) as the main, supplemented by inorganic fertilizers, the dosage of general per mu can be applied to 2,000 to 4,000 kilograms, plus high-potassium composite fertilizer 40 to 60 kilograms, or with yam special bio-organic fertilizers 200 to 300 kilograms, and the soil is fully mixed well in order to prevent the burning of seedlings.
4, field management
(1) shallow fertilizer. If the base fertilizer is applied more, less fertilizer or no fertilizer, in order to ensure that the yam is high-yielding, generally 2 to 3 times, in the ground when the plant grows to about 1 m, a high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, and then every week or so after that, 3 times can be used. Yam expansion period to phosphorus and potassium content of high multi-element compound fertilizer (yam on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium demand ratio is 1.5:2:5), about 30 kilograms per mu, the best to take the method of flushing. Late growth can be foliar sprayed with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1% urea to prevent premature failure. In particular, it should be noted that the absorption of yam root system distribution is shallow, occurring early, was horizontally stretched, fertilizer should be applied to the shallow soil layer for the absorption of yam root system.
(2) frame to be firm. Shelf and weeding yam after sowing covered with 6 to 10 cm of floating soil, watering with "yam herbicide" 150 to 200 grams of 100 kg of water evenly sprayed, and then cover the film, the emergence of seedlings in a timely manner after the erection of shelves, frame height of about 2 meters, the front of the "human" Zigzag, side to side diagonal cross, every 7 to 8 meters with a thick bamboo pole or stick reinforcement, in short, must be firmly built to prevent crooked.
(3) skillful watering. Yam is afraid of flooding should not be too drought, if too drought will seriously affect the expansion of yam, especially in the tuber expansion period, the time is about in mid-April to late May, during this period is generally about 10 days of watering a thorough watering, watering in late May after watering to be appropriate watering according to soil moisture.
(4) pest control to follow. Pests and diseases are heavier in heavy-crop plots, and lighter in plots planted in the first year, after the yam vine is on the shelf, start spraying to prevent and control.