Alias root, clematis, clematis.
source
Source of medicinal materials: roots and rhizomes of Smilax China, Smilax China, Smilax China and Smilax China of Liliaceae.
Latin animal and plant mineral name: 1. Smilax China 2. Smilax China 3. Smilax China 4. Smilax China. Trichomonas vaginalis var. )t。
Harvest and storage: digging in summer and autumn, removing stems and leaves, washing, bundling, drying or fresh use.
Original shape
1. Smilax brevibracteata climbing shrub or semi-shrub. The rhizome is thick and short. Stems and branches are usually sparsely spiny or nearly spinless, spiny and needle-shaped, 4-5 mm long, slightly black, and sometimes the stems are thicker and shorter. Leaves alternate; The petiole is 5- 15mm long, with tendrils, and the shedding point is located in the upper part; Leaf blade oval or oval to ovoid, 4- 12.5 cm long and 2.5-8 cm wide, with blunt or shallow heart-shaped base, which sometimes turns dark brown after drying. Flowers are unisexual and dioecious; Umbellies are axillary, and the total pedicel is very short, generally less than half the length of petiole; Male perianth 6 pieces, 4-5 mm long, yellow-green, 6 stamens, filaments longer than anthers; Female flower with staminodes 3, ovary 3-loculed, stigma 3-lobed. Berry is subglobose, 6-9 mm in diameter, black, with 3 seeds. The flowering period is May and the fruiting period is 65438+ 10.
2. Smilax China China climbing shrubs or semi-shrubs. Having a stubby rhizome. Stems and branches usually have thorns, which are slender, needle-shaped and slightly black. Branchlets are usually herbaceous, slightly concave after drying. Leaves alternate; The petiole is 1-2cm long, about half of which have narrow sheaths and tendrils, and the shedding point is located in the upper part; Leaf blade is herbaceous, ovate, 3-9 cm long and 2-5 cm wide, with long and sharp tip and often truncated base. Flowers are unisexual and dioecious; Umbellies axillary, total pedicels slender, usually longer than petioles or subequal; Male perianth 6 pieces, 4-5 mm long, inner wheel slightly narrower than outer wheel, yellow-green, stamens 6 filaments longer than anthers; The female flower is smaller than the male flower, with 6 staminodes, 3-loculed ovary and 3-lobed stigma. Berries are spherical, 6-7 mm in diameter, and blue-black when mature. The flowering period is from May to June, and the fruiting period is 65438+1October.
3. Smilax China climbing shrubs. Stems and branches are more or less angular, sparsely spiny and nearly spineless. Leaves alternate, petiole 6- 12mm, accounting for about 1/2-2/3 of the total length, sheath and tendrils are narrow, and the shedding point is near the top; Leaf blade is papery, ovate-lanceolate or ovate, 3.5-9.5 cm long and 1.5-5 cm wide, the apex is acuminate, the base is nearly round to heart-shaped, usually pale below, less light green, and nearly black after drying. The umbel has several to more than ten flowers, the total pedicel is longer than the petiole, and the inflorescence receptacle is slightly enlarged; Flowers are unisexual and dioecious; 6 perianth segments, about 2.5 mm long and 65438 0 mm wide, green and yellow; Male flowers with stamens 6; The female flower is similar in size to the male flower, with 6 staminodes, 3-loculed ovary and 3-lobed stigma. Berries are spherical, 6-8 mm in diameter, and blue-black when mature. The flowering period is April-June, and the fruiting period is 9-65438+1October.
4. Deciduous shrubs or subshrubs with sheaths. Stand upright or hang freely. Stems and branches slightly angular, unarmed. Leaves alternate; The petiole is 5- 12mm long, gradually widens to the base into a sheath shape, with multiple longitudinal grooves on the back, no tendrils, and the shedding point is near the top; Leaf blade is papery, ovate, ovate-lanceolate or nearly round, long 1.5-4cm, wide 1.2-3.5cm, with short apex, tapering or obtuse, blunt base, flat or shallow heart-shaped, and slightly pale or sometimes dusty underside. Inflorescence has 1-3 or more flowers; The total pedicel is slender, 3-5 times longer than the petiole, and the inflorescence receptacle does not expand; Flowers are unisexual and dioecious; Tepals 6, yellow-green, sometimes reddish; The outer perianth of the male flower is 2.5-3 mm long and 65438 0 mm wide, and the inner perianth is slightly narrow. Stamens 6; Female flowers are slightly smaller than male flowers, with 6 staminodes, sometimes sterile anthers, 3-loculed ovary and 3-lobed stigma. Berries are spherical, with a diameter of 6- 10 mm, black when ripe, with icing. The flowering period is from May to June, and the fruiting period is 65438+1October.
Habitat distribution
Ecological environment: 1. China Smilax China. Brevipedunculata was born in forests, under bushes or in the shade of hillsides at an altitude of 700-1500m. 2. Smilax China China was born under the forest, in the bushes, or in the grass on the hillside. Smilax China is born in the shade of hillside and bushes under the forest. Smilax China scabbard is born under the forest, in the bushes or in the shade of hillside.
Resource distribution: 1. Smilax China China is distributed in southwest, central China, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu and Jiangxi.
2. Smilax China is distributed in eastern China and Taiwan Province province.
3. Smilax China China is distributed in Southwest China, Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei and Hunan.
Smilax China scabbard is distributed in Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Anhui, Zhejiang and other places. Taiwan Province, Henan, Hubei and Sichuan.
Character; Role; letter
1. Characterization (1) Smilax China: The rhizome is transversely elongated, slightly curved, with needle-like thorns, and many fine roots are planted on the lower side. The root length is 20- 100cm, the diameter is 1-2mm, the surface is grayish brown or grayish brown, there are tiny hooked thorns and a small amount of fibrous roots. Tough, elastic and not easy to break. The outer side of the section is light brown ring (stone cell), and the ducts are small holes arranged in a circle. No breath, light taste.
(2) The rhizome of Smilax China is irregular and cylindrical, slightly curved, with dark brown surface and many fine roots on the lower side. The root length is 30-80cm, the diameter is 1-2mm, it is curved, the surface is grayish brown or grayish brown, there are a few fibrous roots and fine spines, and the spines are slightly curved and stinging when touched by hands. Tough, elastic and not easy to break. The section is white or yellow-white, with a light brown ring outside and a circle of small holes (ducts) inside. No breath, light taste. It is best to have long roots and tough quality.
2. Microscopic identification of Smilax China: Most tissues outside the endodermis have fallen off, and occasionally cortical cells remain. There is a row of stone cells in the endodermis, which contain brown pigment, and the cell walls on three sides are thickened, with obvious stripes and depressions. The pericycle sheath is 9- 13 rows of lignified thick-walled fibers. There are 65438 phloem bundles and 65438 xylem bundles, which are arranged alternately.
Chemical composition 1. Smilax China: The rhizome contains crocetin, neotigogenin, laxogenin and Smilax saponin A [* * * ilasin A; ; Laxogenin-3-O-α-L- arabinopyranosyl (L→6)-β-D- glucopyranoside], Smilax saponin B.
Prepare herbs by frying.
Take raw materials, remove impurities, wash them, fully moisten them, cut them into thick pieces, dry them in the air, and screen them out of dust.
Characters of decoction pieces: thick slices, irregular roots. The cut surface is gray-white, and the periphery is gray-brown, with fibrous roots, fibrous root scars and needle-like spines. Roots are round thick or small pieces, slightly curved, with white section and a circle of evenly arranged holes. The periphery is grayish brown or grayish brown, smooth, with tiny hooked thorns and fibrous roots. Soft, elastic and not easy to break. A slight breath, a faint taste. Store in a ventilated and dry container.
Spicy in nature; Slightly bitter; flat
Indications: expelling wind and removing dampness; Promoting blood circulation and dredging collaterals; Detoxify and dissipate stagnation. Indications of rheumatism and joint pain; Poor joints; Furuncle; Inflating poison; Lapis lazuli
Oral administration and dosage: decoction, 6-9g, large dose15-30g; Or into the pill, powder; Or soak in wine. External use: appropriate amount, tamping or grinding; Or fried and washed.
Excerpts from Chinese Materia Medica