The plane tree is very tall, which can reach more than 20 meters. Sexual love likes the environment of high temperature for many days and must flourish in the sunshine prescription. The flowers are big and red, even the calyx is blood red. Four petals are about 8 cm long, and the fifth petal is slightly larger with yellow and white spots. Stamens red, calyx ventral dark red, back green. Inflorescence is a raceme, arranged in an umbrella shape, with 5 calyx and petals clustered together. After flowering, long pods are produced, which can be as long as 60 cm. When mature, they are dark brown and lignified. There are 40 tiny seeds in it, each weighing only 0.4 g on average. The seed coat is mottled and poisonous and should not be eaten by mistake. The leaves are bipinnately compound leaves, with opposite pinna, 15-30 pairs, and each pinna has 20-40 pairs of leaflets. Leaflets are oblong, with oblique base, entire leaf margin and blunt tip. The leaves are as thin as paper, smooth, thin and blue-green, and the veins are only obvious in the middle ribs. This tree has a broad umbrella shape. When leaves fall in winter, countless leaflets fall like snowflakes. Like many leguminous plants, the roots of Platanus acerifolia have rhizobia. In order to adapt to the rainy climate, the trunk has roots at the base. Indus adapts to tropical climate, bears drought and can grow in salty environment.
Phoenix wood is regarded as a transplanted variety in many planting areas at present, and even as an invasive variety in Australia, partly because its broad crown and dense root system prevent other varieties from growing under it. In India, buttonwood is called Gulmohar. The pods of buttonwood trees are used as percussion instruments in the Caribbean. This instrument is called shak-shak or sand ball.
Edit this paragraph
morphological character
Deciduous trees, height 10-20m, dbh1m. This tree is a wide umbrella with many branches. The bark is rough and grayish brown. Branchlets are often cut short by phoenix trees and have obvious lenticels. Bipinnate compound leaves alternate, 20-60 cm long, with 15-20 pairs of pinnae, opposite; The pinnae is 5- 10 cm long and has 20-40 pairs of leaflets; Leaflets are dense, small, oblong, entire, obtuse at the top, skewed at the base, 4-8 mm long and 2.5-3 mm wide, tissue paper, smooth and thin leaves, turquoise, with obvious veins only in the midvein and silky hairs on both sides. When leaves fall in winter, countless leaflets fall like snowflakes. Racemes corymbose, terminal or axillary, 20-40 cm long. The flower is large, with a diameter of 7- 15cm. Calyx and petals are 5 pieces. Petals are red, the lower four petals are flat, about 8cm long, and the fifth petal is erect, slightly larger, with yellow and white spots and red stamens. The calyx is dark red inside and green outside. Flowering period may-August. Pods are banded or slightly curved sickle-shaped, flat and drooping, lignified after maturity, dark brown, 30-60 cm long and containing 40-50 seeds. 1000-grain weight is 400g, and the seed coat has stripes. Fruit ripens in autumn (165438+1October). Like many leguminous plants, the root of Platanus acerifolia also has rhizobia. In order to adapt to the rainy climate, there are plate roots at the base of the trunk.
Edit this paragraph
geographical distribution
From Madagascar in Africa. It is widely introduced in tropical and warm subtropical regions of the world. China, Taiwan Province, Hainan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and other provinces have introduced cultivation. In the United States, plane trees can grow in Florida, Rio Grande Valley in South Texas, desert areas in Arizona and California, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands and Guam. Sycamore trees are also widely planted in the Caribbean.
Edit this paragraph
Growth habit
Platanus acerifolia is a tropical tree species, which began to blossom after 6-8 years of planting. Like high temperature, humid and sunny environment, the growth temperature is 20-30℃, not cold-resistant, the winter temperature is not lower than 5℃, and sandy loam with rich fruits and organic matter is suitable; Fear of stagnant water, good drainage and drought resistance; Fertile soil The root is shallow, but the root system is developed and has strong wind resistance. Resist air pollution. Germination is vigorous and growth is rapid. Generally, the height of 1 annual can reach 1.5-2m, and that of 2-year-old can reach 3-4m, and it begins to bloom after 6-8 years of planting. In South China, buds germinate in early February every year, and the peak growth period is from April to July. In late July, due to high temperature, the growth decreased. After the middle and late August, the temperature dropped, the growth accelerated, the growth slowed down after 65438+ 10, and the leaves fell from February to the following year. Should choose fertile soil, deep soil layer, good drainage, sunny place to plant. Fertilize once before germination and flowering in spring. During the typhoon season, the blown branches and leaves should be cleaned in time. Pests and diseases, including leaf spot and noctuid larvae, need symptomatic control.
Platanus acerifolia is mainly sown and propagated, and it is sown in April-May in spring. The seeds are hard and need to be soaked in 90℃ hot water for 5- 10 minutes or warm water for one day, so the germination rate is high. Buds can germinate a week after sowing.
Edit this paragraph
Breeding and cultivation
Sowing common seeds to raise seedlings. A thousand seeds weigh about 400 grams. The seed coat is difficult to absorb water, and it needs to be scalded with warm water at 80 degrees Celsius to accelerate germination. After natural cooling, soak for 24 hours and drain for later use. Sowing by drilling is sensitive to frost, so comprehensive fertilizer can be applied in the early stage, less nitrogen fertilizer can be applied, and fertilization will be stopped after autumn to promote early lignification. In winter, if the leaves have not fallen off, they can be cut off manually, covered with film or wrapped in a single plant to prevent frost. 1 year-old seedlings can be planted out of the nursery.
Edit this paragraph
use
Street trees: Street greening trees have the microclimate effect of cooling and humidifying in summer, and are landscape trees for greening, beautifying and fragrant environment.
Shading tree: In midsummer, the maximum crown width of Platanus acerifolia with DBH 7-8cm can reach 8 ㎡–10 ㎡, and its shading rate is between 50% and 70%. Buttonwood trees have many branches, and there is little difference between the middle and the edge of the crown, so the shading effect is relatively uniform and the ventilation conditions are good. The relative temperature in the canopy is 3℃ lower than that in the bare area, and the highest is 6℃ lower. In summer, the planting area is generally maintained at about 23-28℃, and the relative humidity in the canopy is higher than that in the open field 10%-20%.
Fertilization and soil improvement: there are nitrogen-fixing rhizobia in the root system, which can save fertilization. Indus leaves a large amount every year. Taking DBH 7-8cm trees as an example, the annual defoliation is about 3. 1kg. A large number of fallen leaves provide a good cover for ground cover plants, which can keep moisture and keep warm, improve the content and structure of soil organic matter and increase soil fertility.
Utilization of wood: its wood is dense, light and elastic, and can be used as raw materials for furniture, plates and paper making.
The buttonwood crown is tall, with red leaves and green flowers in flowering period, and the tree is like fire and magnificent. Because "leaves are like the feathers of a flying phoenix, flowers are like the crown of a phoenix", it is named Wutong. It is a famous tropical ornamental tree species.
Indus is the national tree of Madagascar in Africa, the city flower of Shantou in China, and the city tree of Xiamen in Fujian, Tainan in Taiwan Province and Panzhihua in Sichuan.
Edit this paragraph
Traditional Chinese medicine value
Drug name: Phoenix wood. Distribution of Indus plant and animal resources: Fujian, Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Hainan.
Textual research: First published in Flora of Hainan.
Chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine: The woody part contains β -sitosterol, lupeol, quercetin, proline (proline), lysine (lysine), alanine (alanine), valine (valine), tyrosine (tyrosine) and glucose (glucose).
Bark contains erythritol, lupeol and β -sitosterol;
The flowers contain β -sitosterol and its glycosides, triacontane, triacontanol, protocatechuic acid, quercetin and carotenoids.
The bud contains 2- ketoglutarate, oxaloacetic acid, glyoxylic acid and pyruvic acid. Seeds contain galactomannan.
Efficacy: calming the liver and suppressing yang.
Indications: hyperactivity of liver yang, hypertension, dizziness and restlessness.
Nature and taste: sweet, light and cold. Liver meridian.
Administration and dosage: oral: decoction, 3-10g; Or wash your eyes with water.
Toxicity: Flowers and seeds are toxic. After eating melon seeds by mistake, children have digestive tract symptoms such as dizziness, salivation, abdominal distension, abdominal pain and diarrhea. The water extract of stem bark has emetic effect and central nervous system inhibitory effect on cats and monkeys. The alcohol extract and water extract of flowers have the effect of killing ascaris lumbricoides. The toxic components are unknown. Flowers contain carotenoids. Seeds contain phosphate compounds, such as lysolecithin. The stem bark contains erythritol and Centauretin( 1 phthalocyanine). Eating by mistake can cause abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, dizziness, salivation and other symptoms.