Hypertonic dehydration Hypertonic dehydration is also called water-deficient dehydration, that is, water loss is more than salt loss. This situation is mostly due to high temperature, excessive sweating or high fever, which leads to a large loss of water and fails to replenish it in time. Due to the increase of osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid and the increase of antidiuretic hormone secretion, patients have obvious symptoms such as thirst and oliguria. Patients with mild hypertonic dehydration can be relieved if they can drink water as soon as possible. In severe cases, patients can be treated by instilling 5% glucose solution.
Low-permeability dehydration Low-permeability dehydration is also called salt-deficient dehydration, that is, salt loss is more than water loss. This situation is mostly due to severe vomiting, diarrhea, massive bleeding or extensive burns, resulting in a large loss of water and salt, which can not be replenished in time. Because the osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid decreases, the secretion of antidiuretic hormone decreases, the patient's urine volume increases, and there is no thirst, which is easy to cause the illusion that there is no dehydration. This condition can be treated by injecting normal saline into the patient.
Isoosmotic dehydration Isoosmotic dehydration is also called mixed dehydration, which means that the degree of water loss and salt loss is similar. This kind of dehydration is the most common in clinic, such as dehydration caused by vomiting and diarrhea. This condition can be treated by infusing patients with normal saline and 5% glucose solution.
When rehydrating dehydrated patients, special attention should be paid to giving different fluids according to the above three different dehydration conditions, the degree of dehydration of patients and whether there is acidosis.