Cultivation of Russula: Selection of Raw Materials
Russula is a soil-borne fungus with grass rot, which mainly reproduces by decomposing manure and grass organic matter as its main nutrition. Wild Russula fruiting bodies are mostly born in moist and fertile soil rich in organic matter in the forest. The substrates are all rotten straws, weeds, leaves and livestock manure. The cultivation raw materials of russula are crop stalks rich in cellulose, such as cottonseed hulls, cotton stalks, bagasse, soybean stalks, corn cobs, corn stalks, sorghum stalks, and weeds such as reeds, spotted grasses, elephants and ferns on the mountain.
Cultivation of russula: preparation of culture medium
Russula requires more nutrients, so it is appropriate to prepare synthetic culture medium. Here are several groups of formulas for selection. Formula 1: cottonseed hull 86%, wheat bran 8.5%, lime 2%, calcium carbonate 1%, calcium superphosphate 2% and urea 0.5%. Formula 2: soybean straw 48%, peanut hull 20%, cottonseed hull 19%, wheat bran 10%, calcium superphosphate 1%, calcium carbonate 2%, and the ratio of feed to water is1:1.3. Formulas 1 and 2 are mainly used for bag planting of clinker. Formula 3: cottonseed hull 90%, wheat bran 6%, lime 1%, calcium superphosphate 1.5%, calcium carbonate 1%, urea 0.5%, and the feed-water ratio is1:1.3. Formula 4: reed 50%, sawdust 16%, cottonseed hull 30%, lime 1.5%, calcium superphosphate 2% and magnesium sulfate 0.5%. The ratio of feed to water is1:1.3. Formulas 3 and 4 are suitable for bed cultivation of fermented materials.
Cultivation of russula: cultivation season
Russula belongs to the fungus with high temperature, and the wild Russula mostly occurs in summer. The mycelium growth is suitable at 20℃ ~ 25℃, and the fruiting is suitable at 23℃ ~ 28℃. The cultivation season is spring inoculation and summer fruiting. Usually, it is inoculated in May, the mycelium is cultured for 45-50 days, and the mushroom grows from late June to July, and the original seed and cultivated seed are made 70 days in advance.
Cultivation of russula: cultivation method
There are two kinds of cultivation methods: bag cultivation of clinker and bed cultivation of fermented materials, and the production of culture materials is also different: according to formula 1 or 2, the culture materials are mixed evenly, and the water content is controlled at about 60%, and then loaded into 17? 33 ~ 35cm polypropylene plastic bag, autoclaved, cooled and inoculated (according to routine requirements). Bed culture of fermentation materials: according to formula 3 or 4, the culture materials are mixed evenly and concentrated in piles for fermentation. The stacking height is 0.8m, the width is 1 m, and the length depends on the site. After stacking, the plastic film is covered to keep moisture, and the fermentation time is 5-7 days. When the stacking temperature reaches 65℃, the stacking is turned over for 2-3 times.
Cultivation of Russula: Inoculation and Culture
Different cultivation methods, inoculation culture methods are different. Bag culture: when the temperature of the bag drops below 28℃, the russula strains are inoculated on the culture medium in the bag under aseptic conditions, and the cotton plug is sealed. After inoculation, it is moved into an indoor room at 23℃ ~ 25℃ for fungus growth culture, and the relative humidity of the air is below 70%, so as to keep the air circulating and prevent the sudden increase of indoor carbon dioxide concentration. The fungus culture is usually about 30 days. After the hyphae are full of bags, the fungus bags are moved to the field shade shed to take off the bags, and are horizontally discharged on the bed in the shed which has been disinfected in advance, and covered with humus soil for 3-5cm. Cover the border bed with soil, and let the fungus cylinder continue to grow and cultivate in the border bed. Bed planting: spread the fermented material in the border bed, with the material thickness of15 ~18cm, and sow in three layers, that is, spread a layer of families on the border first, sow the strains, continue to spread a layer of materials, sow a layer of seeds, and then cover a layer of materials to form three layers of materials and two layers of seeds. Generally, dry material 10 kg is used per square meter, and the amount of strains accounts for 10% of the material amount. After sowing, the material surface is leveled and slightly compacted. Then cover the bed with plastic film to prevent rain. When the mycelium eats 2/3 of the feed, cover the soil for 3 ~ 5 cm. However, attention should be paid to ventilation to keep the air in the bed fresh, so as to facilitate the development of hyphae.
Cultivation of russula: management of fruiting
When the bacterial bags enter the field bed, the soil should be kept moist in management. The water content of soil is not less than 20%, and it is generally unnecessary to spray water when planting in the field. For example, if the climate is dry, water can be sprayed to moisturize when the soil surface is white, but it should not penetrate into the material to avoid mycelium mildew. Mushrooms can usually grow in about 20 days after covering the soil. At this time, the temperature is controlled within the range of 23℃ ~ 26℃, and artificial temperature difference stimulation is carried out, and dry and wet alternation is carried out to promote the mycelium to kink to form primordium and differentiate into mushroom buds. Want it in the mushroom shed? Three points of yang and seven points of yin? In the development stage of fruiting body, it is appropriate to expose the film every morning for ventilation, combined with water spraying 1 time, and keep the relative humidity of the space at 90%. Keep the air fresh in the mushroom shed. The temperature is controlled in the range of 23℃ ~ 28℃.
The fruiting period is in the hot summer season, and the wild russula mostly grows under the dense forest, and the temperature is lower than the space. For this reason, when artificial cultivation encounters high temperature, water spraying should be adopted to reduce the space temperature, furrow water storage should be used to reduce the ground temperature, and the roof cover should be thickened to resist the external heat source, so as to artificially create a suitable environment for mushroom growth. If miscellaneous bacteria pollution is found in the fruiting stage, the affected parts should be dug up in time, and lime powder should be sprinkled. After1~ 2 days, new soil should be covered, and ventilation should be strengthened to keep the air fresh.