In order to implement the guidance of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on accelerating the cultivation and development of the whole agricultural industrial chain, and create a number of whole agricultural industrial chains with strong innovation ability, complete industrial chain, sufficient green background and close agricultural cooperation, the Rural Industry Development Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Fishery and Fishery Administration have sorted out eight aspects of crayfish breeding, processing, circulation, catering, science and technology, finance, public services and policy support according to the development characteristics of crayfish industry, and formed.
Crayfish, also known as Procambarus clarkii, red crayfish and freshwater crayfish, originated in North America and was introduced to China through Japan in 1930s. In recent years, the crayfish industry has developed rapidly, and the consumer market continues to heat up, becoming one of the hottest restaurants and online celebrity foods in China. In 2020, the total output of crayfish in China was 2,393,700 tons, up by 14.55% year-on-year, and the total output value was about 344.846 billion yuan, down by 15.07% year-on-year (mainly affected by COVID-19 epidemic).
First, the breeding process
It mainly includes three aspects: seed breeding, aquaculture production and input management. The crayfish species is Procambarus clarkii, which spawns and reproduces quickly. Breeding mode is an integrated production mode of breeding and breeding, that is, according to the principle of "grasping the big ones and keeping the small ones", the main body catches the adult shrimps that meet certain specifications and puts them on the market for sale, and the remaining shrimps continue to reproduce themselves and reproduce themselves. In 2020, the total area of crayfish culture in China will be 2 1.84 million mu. According to the culture environment, it can be divided into paddy field culture and pond culture. Among them, the paddy field planting area is about 6.5438+0.892 million mu, accounting for 87% of the total planting area, with rice and shrimp as the dominant mode.
The input mainly includes feed and medicine. Feed With the development of intensive culture mode, the role of feed in crayfish culture has been paid more and more attention. The feeding amount of crayfish made of shrimp and rice per mu is about 100 kg. In 2020, the total production and sales of crayfish feed in China will be about 165438+ 10,000 tons, with an output value of about 5.5 billion yuan and more than 200 production enterprises. Drugs, commonly used drugs for crayfish culture mainly include quicklime, iodine preparation, microbial preparation and so on. , small quantity, many producers, has not yet formed a specialized enterprise.
Second, the processing link
Crawfish processing products mainly include frozen products, ready-to-eat foods, by-product processing products and seasonings. In 2020, there will be 123 crayfish processing enterprises (annual processing capacity 100 tons or more) in China, with an increase of 10, with a total processing capacity of about 88 100 tons, an increase of 10%, and an annual processing output value of about 480. In terms of geographical distribution, processing enterprises above designated size are mainly concentrated in Hubei, Anhui, Hunan, Jiangsu and Jiangxi provinces. In addition, there are five processing enterprises above designated size in Henan, all located in Xinyang City.
Third, the circulation link.
The circulation of crayfish mainly includes four sub-links: trading, warehousing, logistics and trade. In recent years, the crayfish market circulation system has been gradually improved. Major producing areas have built professional crayfish trading markets integrating trading, circulation, distribution and warehousing functions. Relying on the trading market, set up sorting centers or purchasing points in towns and villages, train crayfish brokers, and realize the effective docking between the origin and the sales market.
Fourth, the catering link.
In recent years, a large number of seasoned crayfish products have entered fast food, Chinese food and snack shops and become a popular dish in shops. At the same time, crayfish combined with other products, derived a variety of innovative products, such as shrimp burger, shrimp pizza, crayfish hot pot, shrimp tail bibimbap and so on. Product innovation has effectively promoted the wide application of crayfish products. Judging from the national consumer market, lobster consumption is mainly concentrated in large and medium-sized cities in East China, Central China and North China. Cities with annual consumption of over 10,000 tons mainly include Beijing, Nanjing, Wuhan, Shanghai, Hefei, Hangzhou, Wuxi, Suzhou, Huai 'an, Changzhou and Changsha.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) technical support
In recent years, the main crayfish producing areas, on the one hand, rely on the national shrimp and crab modern agricultural industrial technology system, national aquatic technology extension system, China rice and fishery integrated aquaculture collaborative innovation platform, china society of fisheries system and other scientific research, teaching, extension units, community organizations and leading enterprises to carry out joint research and technological innovation to improve the industrial technology content. On the other hand, actively based on universities, scientific research institutes and aquatic technology extension institutions in the province, a comprehensive R&D team with multi-sectoral cooperation such as crayfish Industry-University-Research was established to enhance the supporting capacity of industrial science and technology. Hubei Province established the Double Water and Double Green Research Institute relying on Huazhong Agricultural University.
Xuyi Lobster Entrepreneurship College: (Secondary College of Xuyi Technician College) was established on 20 15. It is the first professional lobster school in China, mainly engaged in lobster cooking, lobster breeding, lobster catering management, e-commerce and intelligent agriculture training. The college is equipped with a provincial-level lobster cooking training base and a lobster cooking innovation R&D center, and carries out lobster breeding management, lobster cooking, store operation and online marketing training by using carriers such as lobster live broadcast room, lobster lecture hall and lobster training base.
Financial support of intransitive verbs
In recent years, the main crayfish producing areas have promoted financial institutions such as banks, insurance companies and guarantee companies to innovate financial service products and service methods, and supported the healthy development of crayfish industrial chain through bank loans, policy insurance and credit guarantees.
VII. Public * * * Services
There are mainly three aspects: festival activities, brand building and association services.
(1) Festival activities. With the rapid development of crayfish industry, crayfish festivals represented by Xuyi International Lobster Festival in China and Qianjiang Lobster Festival in Hubei are in full swing. Xuyi International Lobster Festival has been successfully held for 2 1 year, Qianjiang Crawfish Festival has been held for 12 times, Jianli County Crawfish Festival has been held for 4 times, pengze county Farmers Harvest Festival and Crawfish Festival have been held for 4 times, Yingcheng Crawfish Festival and Farmers Harvest Festival have been held for 3 times. Through the festival activities, the development of local catering industry and tourism industry has been greatly promoted, the number of tourists has continued to increase, and the income of catering and tourism has been rising.
(2) Brand building. The development of the industry is inseparable from the support of brands. In order to enhance the popularity and added value of regional crayfish products, more and more attention has been paid to the cultivation of crayfish brands, and a number of regional public brands with local characteristics and cultural connotations and corporate brands with national or regional influence have emerged. In 2020, the brand value of "Qianjiang Lobster" will reach 22.79 billion yuan, and the brand value of "Xuyi Lobster" will be 2 1 55 1 100 million yuan, ranking the top two in the national aquatic products, showing the great potential of "Qianjiang Lobster" and "Xuyi Lobster" in brand influence, industrial promotion and market expansion.
(3) Association services. Around the development of crayfish industry, China Aquatic Products Processing and Marketing Association set up a crayfish branch, Hubei set up a shrimp industry association, and Jiangsu set up a Xuyi lobster association to study and explore the laws and characteristics of industrial development, standardize industrial behavior, promote technical exchanges within the industry, promote domestic and international economic and trade cooperation, and promote standardized and sustainable development of the industry.
Eight. Policy guarantee
It mainly includes national policies, industry standards and local policies.
(1) National policy. In recent years, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has successively issued Several Opinions on Accelerating the Green Development of Aquaculture (Nongyufa [2065 438+09] 1No.), Notice on Standardizing the Development of Rice and Fishery Integrated Breeding Industry (Nongbanfa [2065438+09] No.24) and Notice on Printing and Distributing the Technical Guide of Rice and Fishery Integrated Breeding Production.
(2) Industry standards. SB/T 1 135.4-2020 "Technical Specifications for Integrated Breeding of Rice and Fisheries" has been formulated and issued one after another. Part 4: rice shrimp (Procambarus clarkii), SB/T 10878-20 12 quick-frozen lobster, SB/t 10876-2000. Local governments have formulated and issued DB42/T/KOOC-0/490-20/KOOC-0/8 crayfish cold chain logistics service standard, DB42/T/KOOC-0/394-20/KOOC-0/8 live crayfish grading standard and other/KOOC-0/local standards.
(3) provincial policies. In recent years, Jiangsu, Hubei, Jiangxi and other provinces have successively issued Opinions on Accelerating the High-quality Development of Fisheries (Su Zhengban [2020] No.37), Notice on Promoting the Healthy Development of Crayfish Industry (E Zhengban [2017] No.29), and Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the High-quality Development of Fisheries (issued by Jiangxi Provincial Government Office)