China is widely distributed in lakes along the north and south coasts. The origin of Eriocheir sinensis seedlings in China is Chongming Island, Shanghai, because Chongming Island is located at the mouth of the Yangtze River, and it is also the place where crabs breed. The sexual maturity of freshwater crabs is from September-1 1 month every year, and the spawning season is from1month to March the following year.
Chinese scientific name: Eriocheir sinensis Latin scientific name: Eriocheir sinensis alias: river crab, hairy crab, clear water crab, hairy crab and crab. Boundaries: Animal kingdom: Arthropoda Subdivision: Crustacea: Soft Crustacea Subdivision: True soft armor Subdivision: Decapoda Subdivision: Gastropoda Subdivision: Varunidae Subdivision: Arcadiinae: Eriocheir sinensis: Eriocheir sinensis? E. Distribution area of SINESIS: The natural distribution area is mainly in the coastal lakes and rivers in northern Asia, western Korea and eastern China. Named by: H. Milne Edwards, 1853 species introduction, crab name source, high quality water source, environmental ecology, provenance endowment, breeding science, Xiuwaihuizhong, growing environment, breeding method, crab fry, pond ecological intensive cultivation, selection method, preservation method, eating method, eating taboo, nutritional value, species introduction Chongming Qingshui crab, scientific name China. Because its two big claws are hairy, Chongming locals called them "old hairy crabs" earlier. The reason why it is distinctive is that the crab seedlings bred by parents are born in the waters of the Yangtze River estuary in Chongming, and the meat quality is particularly tender. Chongming Island is located at the mouth of the Yangtze River, facing the river on three sides and the East China Sea on the southeast, and has special hydrological characteristics of the transition of salt and fresh water. The growth of authentic Eriocheir sinensis is very interesting. From young crabs to sexual maturity, Eriocheir sinensis needs to grow in fresh water in inland rivers. After sexual maturity, they need to return to the intersection of the sea and rivers to breed the next generation, which is the unique migratory characteristics of Eriocheir sinensis. Every autumn, Chinese mitten-handed crabs swim to the waters near Chongming Island, where salt and fresh water meet to breed, and then the crab seedlings will be caught by fishermen on Chongming Island, and crab farmers will raise the crabs to the size of buttons. It is commonly known that when the crabs are detained, farmers from Yangcheng Lake and farmers from all over the country come to Chongming Island to buy them and bring them back to raise them. After a lot of publicity from Yangcheng Lake crab merchants, people mistakenly think that Chinese mitten-handed crabs are native to Yangcheng Lake, but in fact, the real hometown of Yangcheng Lake hairy crabs is in the waters around Chongming Island. Crab crab, a clear water in Chongming, has a big fat body, a green shell and a white belly, and golden claws and yellow hair. The meat is fine and greasy, ten limbs are vigorous, and it can crawl quickly on the glass plate. It is the peak season for Chongming Qingshui Crab to go on the market whenever the golden wind is cool and chrysanthemums are in full bloom. The female crab in September and the male crab in 10 of the lunar calendar have the best gonad development. Cooked and condensed, the female becomes golden yellow, and the male is like white jade, which tastes delicious. The name of the crab comes from Chongming Crab, which is famous all over the world, but there is no unified name for a long time. In 20 13, Chongming County Agriculture Committee collected the brand name of Chongming Crab from the public. After public solicitation and selection, it was recognized by the expert group that Chongming Crab, nicknamed "Old Hairy Crab" by local people, was officially listed under the new name of "Chongming Qingshui Crab". The old Eriocheir sinensis in Chongming was renamed as the clear-water crab in Chongming Island, mainly based on the following reasons: the water source is high quality, Chongming Island is close to the river and reaches the sea, and it has natural water resources advantages; the canal around Chongming Island runs through the east, west, north and south, and the water quality of the river diversion reaches the national second-class standard; the inland river is mainly composed of three types of water, and the Yangtze River water introduced every day is very suitable for the growth and reproduction of river crabs. Chongming "Qingshui" crab can be described as deserved. Environmental Ecology Chongming Island is densely covered with river networks, rich in aquatic plants, and rich in benthic organisms such as snails and mussels. It is a palatable natural animal bait for river crabs and provides a good ecological environment for their growth. Chongming Island, located at the mouth of the Yangtze River, is the only major producing area of Eriocheir sinensis fry in the Yangtze River system in China. Crab seedlings enter the inland waters of the island with the tide. The water quality of the Yangtze River estuary is rich in various nutrients and plankton, which can meet the growth needs of crab seedlings. Breeding Science Chongming has established a number of standardized crab breeding bases for scientific management: adopting the pond ecological intensive culture mode of "crab grass grows", regularly feeding snails and small fish to let crabs feed naturally. It takes 13 times for each crab to shell from seedling to adult, during which Chongming * * * will draw lots for 6-7 times. The crab of Chongming River in Xiuwaihuizhong has a green back and a white belly, golden claws and yellow hair, full cream and delicious meat. The male crab reaches 3-4 Liang, some reach 5 Liang, and the female crab reaches more than 2.5 Liang. Chongming hairy crab has become history. Before the Chongming freshwater crab is sold as a commodity, it should be kept in an oxygen-enriched environment for 24 hours, so as to ensure that it spits water, spits food, clears its stomach sac, and puts it into a cold storage environment to sleep cleanly and safely. Chongming Island, where freshwater crabs have lived for generations, belongs to the north subtropical zone, with a mild and humid climate, an annual average temperature of 15.2℃, abundant sunshine and rain, and distinct seasons. Chongming is located as an ecological island, with few industrial pollution sources, clean water and soil, fresh air and excellent ecological environment. The Yangtze River Estuary is a natural living water system, with the alternation of salt and fresh water. The nutrients and plankton in the water are very suitable for the growth of crabs in Chongming Island. The unique migratory characteristics of river crabs form the annual "crab seedling flood" in Chongming waters, and the high-quality seedling resources also attract other regions to "borrow seeds", which is a veritable "crab town" Breeding method Crab fry is the key to crab breeding, and high-quality crab fry can make high-quality crab, which is the knowledge of crab breeding. The biggest advantage of "Chongming Crab" is that the source of its fry is Eriocheir sinensis fry caught in the Yangtze River estuary or the ecological crab fry bred by commercial crabs bred locally in Chongming. The whole process of ecological intensive culture of Chongming freshwater crabs in ponds is carried out in accordance with the Technical Specification for Ecological Intensive Culture of Chinese Eriocheir sinensis Ponds in the Yangtze River System of Shanghai River Crab Association: in winter, the ponds are disinfected four weeks before stocking crab seedlings; Then create a good ecological environment by planting high-quality aquatic plants that river crabs like to eat, and meet the growth needs of river crabs by feeding live snails and small fish; Crab farmers will patrol the pond every morning and evening, fishing for aquatic plants that have been cut by crab tongs, observing the feeding, growth and activities of crabs, and ensuring their safe growth. The selection method looks at the crab shell: the crab shell shell is bright, shiny and dark green, and generally thick and solid; Yellow, mostly thin; It is better to choose the "golden hair and golden claws". Second, look at the navel: look at the navel protruding, generally full of fat and fat paste: concave, mostly short of fat. When holding the crab with your hands, you should feel "heavy" enough, so that you can pick the clean water crab with rich and creamy crab meat. Third, look at the crab's feet: look at the crab's full claws, and the "foot hair" on the crab's feet is overgrown, which is generally old and healthy; Hairless, mostly soft and fat. Fourth, look at the vitality: if the crab is turned over and can be quickly turned back with the crab's foot, it shows strong vitality; Those that cannot be turned back have poor vitality and cannot be stored for a long time. Fifth, look at men and women: As the saying goes: "The female crab is selected in August of the lunar calendar, and the male crab is selected after September". Because after September of the lunar calendar, male crabs have good gonad maturity and the best taste and nutrition. The round navel is a female crab, and the pointed navel is a male crab. Preservation method Clear water crabs stored in freezers are fresh aquatic products, which can be preserved for a short time after leaving water. The purchased clear water crabs can be eaten in about three days. It is relatively simple to preserve them: choose vigorous clear water crabs, tie crab legs and crab tongs to reduce the physical consumption of clear water crabs, and then put them in the freezer of freezers and cover them with wet towels. When eating every day, choose the ones with insufficient vitality first, and the hairy crabs with sufficient vitality can continue to be preserved. The way to distinguish is to touch the eyes of hairy crabs with your hands and eat them first if they are not sensitive. Keep clean water crabs in plastic buckets/pots Choose clean water crabs with strong vitality, and prepare a plastic bucket/basin with a height of 30-50 cm. The inner wall of the plastic bucket/basin is smooth and difficult to escape, and put the clean water crabs in it (not stacked); Then add water to half the height of the hairy crab's body-(mainly moisturizing). You can't bury all the clean water crabs. If the water is too deep, the crabs will suffocate due to lack of oxygen. The bucket/basin does not need to be covered, and the clean water crabs should be checked every day. The clean water crabs with insufficient vitality should be eaten in time. This method can be used to preserve the clean water crabs. When the temperature is not high, the clean water crabs can be kept for more than 5 days. If you can't eat all the fresh-water crabs in three to five days, you can't store them in the above way. The best way is to make your own bathtub as a temporary storage pool, pour the fresh-water crabs into the bathtub gently, and fill them with water until they are just buried. If the fresh-water crabs stand on their feet, they can breathe on the water surface, and a small amount of fish and shrimp can be tasted according to the storage time and quantity. Generally, the fresh-water crabs can be stored in this way for more than 7 days or longer, and their vitality can be checked every day.
Remember: If you don't eat the crab immediately, please don't wash it with water, or the crab will die. If the indoor temperature does not exceed 15 degrees, there is no need to put the freezer. Under normal circumstances, it can be stored for 5-7 days, but the crab will lose weight if it is stored for too long, and the taste will not be affected if it is eaten within 3 days. How to eat Chongming freshwater crab has been growing in Chongming waters where salt and fresh water meet, resulting in a unique taste of sweet and salty, fresh and delicious. There are many ways to eat water crabs, and it is better to boil or steam them to keep their original flavor. Clear water crabs must be boiled in cold water, otherwise the crabs will be scalded and struggle, and the eight feet will fall first, and the crab roe will be lost. The original clear water crab must be trapped before cooking. Of course, it is best to put a little ginger onion, perilla and old wine in boiling water. Cooked hairy crabs break the crab cover without dipping in vinegar, and touch the crab meat with the tip of the tongue to feel a little sweet, which is a good crab. Of course, the most classic way to eat clear water crabs is "a crab is still a crab after eating it". Eat the crab cover first, then break the crab open, eat the crab meat along the thread, and throw all the shells of the crab belly into the crab cover; Crab feet and crab tongs are the most difficult to eat completely. After eating, they must be arranged on both sides in turn. Finally, the "navel" of the crab is covered on the crab cover and rolled over in the middle of the crab feet-so it is a complete clear water crab again. Eating taboos should not be eaten by people with deficiency and cold;
People with sensitive skin should not eat it;
People with high cholesterol should not eat;
Pregnant women should not eat;
Avoid eating half-cooked;
Avoid eating crab hearts. There is a hexagonal white crab heart between the double gills of the crab, which is extremely cold and not suitable for people with deficiency cold. In addition, all internal organs should not be eaten, because the internal organs accumulate heavy metals, and eating more is easy to be poisoned;
Persimmon crabs can't be eaten together, tea and crabs can't be eaten together, crab meat is rich in protein, persimmon and tea contain tannins, and eating at the same time causes protein to coagulate, leading to intestinal spasm;
Never send crabs with beer;
Do not eat with cold food;
Crabs rot first and then die, so dead crabs cannot be eaten.
Nutritional value Clear water crab green back with white belly, golden claw with yellow hair, full cream, high fatness and delicious taste. According to the analysis of its nutritional value, every100g edible part contains 20.5g of protein, 0/0mg of calcium10mg of iron, E6.22 of vitamin E, 2.6mg of carotene and 73mg of crude fiber, and its nutritional value is higher than that of sea crabs and other fresh water products. Clear water crab contains many vitamins, among which vitamin A is 5-6 times higher than that of other terrestrial and aquatic animals, 6- 10 times higher than that of fish and 2-3 times higher than that of eggs. The content of vitamin B 1 and phosphorus is 6 to 10 times higher than that of common fish. Protein and trace elements rich in water crabs have a good nourishing effect on the body. In recent years, studies have found that crabs also have anti-tuberculosis effects, and eating crabs is of great benefit to the rehabilitation of tuberculosis. At the same time, Chinese medicine believes that crabs have the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, nourishing bones and marrow, nourishing tendons and promoting blood circulation, dredging meridians, benefiting limbs and joints, sustaining injuries, nourishing liver yin and filling gastric juice. It has a certain therapeutic effect on diseases such as congestion, injury, jaundice, soreness of waist and legs and rheumatoid arthritis.