How to use corn straw as raw material to cultivate oyster mushrooms. Compared with other technologies, the application of this technology has certain advantages. It can not only effectively utilize corn straw, make waste reuse recyclable, provide technical support for farmers to deal with corn straw, but also play an important role in the current air pollution prevention and control. Under the severe situation, the unsafe practice of burning corn stalks by farmers, which pollutes the air, can be more effectively controlled and guided. Planting oyster mushrooms not only has environmental benefits and makes a certain contribution to improving the ecological environment, but it can also bring higher economic returns to growers and produce gratifying economic benefits. It kills two birds with one stone. Therefore, this technology should be vigorously developed and continuously improved. 1. Overview of technology for growing oyster mushrooms
Currently, most oyster mushroom cultivation is done artificially, and a variety of planting materials are used, generally including corn, rice, wheat straw, and cotton seed husks. etc. This article mainly discusses the use of corn straw raw material. Pleurotus ostreatus, an edible fungus, is relatively popular and popular among the people, and has a huge market demand.
The market economy is booming, with mass innovation and entrepreneurship. Although oyster mushrooms are niche, they contain big business opportunities. Using oyster mushrooms to start a business can also be regarded as a way to start a business and get rich.
In daily life, fungi are a kind of food that can often be seen on people’s tables. They have a rich taste and are rich in nutrients. They are also beneficial to the human body by clearing the intestines and lowering blood pressure. It has health-preserving functions, so it is loved by the public. Not only that, the use of corn straw in growing oyster mushrooms actually plays a big role in ecological maintenance, because usually the waste straw after harvesting crops will be burned on the spot to remove the waste to prevent the waste from occupying agricultural land. This method is neither It is safe and will cause serious air pollution, but the straw recovery and utilization of oyster mushroom cultivation realizes the full utilization and recycling of resources, and on this basis, protects the environment that humans rely on for survival, so the method is worth using. Planting oyster mushrooms requires not only materials, but also mature technical support. Therefore, in-depth research on planting technology has important economic and ecological value. 2. Cultivation steps
1. Pre-process the raw materials used; 2. Prepare bacterial strains; 3. Carry out pile fermentation; 4. Process the culture material; 5. Inoculate and grow bacteria; 6. Mushroom fruiting Management before and after. 3. Specific techniques for growing oyster mushrooms using corn straw raw material bags
3.1 The raw materials used should be processed in advance
First of all, the materials to be used are the raw materials of corn straw. material. After collecting corn straw, necessary processing and treatment should be carried out in a timely manner. This method is to prevent the straw from deteriorating and becoming moldy. Good materials can provide a better environment for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms, so that high-quality oyster mushrooms can be cultivated. The steps for processing straw are: first step, if the weather is sunny, evenly sprinkle a reasonable lime aqueous solution on the surface of the straw and then dry it, collect it after the dryness is moderate; if it is rainy, evenly sprinkle lime powder on the surface of the straw .
The second step is to cut the straw into sections whose size is similar to that of broad beans. The third step is to put it into the bag. The straw stored in the culture bag should avoid a humid environment. When storing for later use, it should be stored in an environment with low air humidity to ensure the quality of the corn straw in the culture bag.
3.2 Mycelium inoculation and culture work
? When cultivating raw materials or semi-raw materials, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the raw material site and the inoculation site should not be close to each other. The venue can be used for open vaccination after careful cleaning, disinfection and sterilization steps. Under normal circumstances, three layers of bacteria are connected, and the optimal proportion of the total amount of bacteria in the straw material is 15% to 20%.
? During the inoculation process, the amount of bacteria in the second layer should be smaller than that in the first and third layers to provide a certain space for the growth of mycelium. When sowing the bacteria, try to spread them into the bag. This can prevent the bacteria from being burned due to excessive temperature. More strains should be spread at the end and beginning of the bag. After the bagging and inoculation work is completed, add pre-prepared sealing rings to both ends of the bag to seal it to prevent air, moisture, and debris from entering the bag and damaging the environment in the bag.
In addition, the quality of the selected strains is crucial. Cultivating Oyster Mushroom strains is mostly carried out in specific culture bottles. The cultured flora needs to be taken out of the culture container. At this time, the strains may also be contaminated by external bacteria, so the environment when taking out the strains should also be Aseptic processing. When inoculating mycelium, avoid using hands and use sterilized tweezers (potassium permanganate solution should be used for disinfection) to pick up the mycelium and place it in the bag. In addition, human factors should also be taken into consideration. When transferring mycelium, masks should be worn and conversations should be reduced to prevent bacteria carried by saliva and the breath of technicians from contaminating the mycelium.
3.3 Protection of mycelium
The step of protecting mycelium is also extremely important. After the bacteria are inoculated, they should be placed indoors with good ventilation to provide a good environment for the bacteria to develop. In addition, the length of time required for ventilation changes according to seasonal changes. The length of time should be longer in spring and winter. Through the observation of mycelium, the ventilation time is scientifically adjusted. In summer and autumn, it is shorter. In short, protection Mycelium requires a certain amount of observation and endurance.
3.4 How to disinfect the culture bags used
In the cultivation and planting of fungi, if there is improper operation, mildew is likely to occur. How to avoid mildew problems? occurrence is also worthy of study. In addition to paying attention to the selection and processing of raw materials, you also need to pay attention to the disinfection of the material bags containing straw. It should be noted that before putting the chopped straw pieces into the culture bag, use professional disinfection methods to sterilize the bag. This can prevent the culture materials from becoming moldy due to excessive bacteria in the culture bag, which will directly lead to The growth environment of oyster mushrooms is polluted, causing losses. The disinfection method is generally high-temperature sterilization. Cut the culture bag into a suitable size. After placing the culture bag, steam the culture bag to eliminate the bacteria in the bag. Place it in a steamer and steam it with boiling water at high temperature for 8 to 10 hours.
3.5 Protection and management of mushroom production
When the mycelium is relatively lush, it can be placed in a bacterial chamber for culture. All details of this step must be done well, because this is the final step in cultivating crops and its status is of great importance. Therefore, oyster mushroom cultivators should carefully carry out the prescribed work. When it is observed that the mycelium in the culture bag is full and yellow liquid appears in more than 1/3 of the culture bag, transfer the bag to the oyster mushroom greenhouse and place it. It should be noted that according to weather conditions, the shed should be closed during the day and open at night; cold water should be used to pour the bacterial wall at noon, and the bacterial wall should be drenched with cold water at noon every day to induce mycelium with the dual stimulation of temperature difference and dryness and humidity. of kink. After observing that most of the hyphae have budded out, you can remove the sealing paper and ventilate and ventilate in time. The humidity of the bacterial chamber is very particular. For oyster mushrooms or fungi, moisture and humidity are the key factors that determine their growth. In the initial stage, the humidity environment for oyster mushrooms should be 85%. In the middle stage of growth, when the oyster mushrooms grow in large numbers, the humidity can be increased to 90% based on the assessed water needs. 4. Summary
With the rapid development of the economy and society, there have been changes in the standards for judging the quality of life. Entering this stage, people's requirements for food have also changed. The choice of ingredients Nutritional value, delicious taste and health have gradually become the main factors that the public considers when choosing food ingredients. Therefore, the cultivation and production of oyster mushrooms should also adapt to the current situation to increase the edible value of oyster mushrooms. The oyster mushrooms currently supplied to the food market are generally grown manually, which requires more labor. After all, manual planting has lower output and work efficiency. Automation technology for growing oyster mushrooms is rarely used, so it is still in this aspect. The development and exploration of related technologies need to be strengthened.