The scientific name of cabbage is cabbage. In some places, it is called cabbage, cabbage, and cabbage. It is a biennial herbaceous plant that is a variant of Brassica oleracea and can form leaf balls. Today I will share with you the cabbage sowing time and the correct fertilization method.

1. Cabbage sowing period

The most common methods of cabbage planting are autumn sowing and winter sowing: Autumn sowing: sowing from July 20 to August 10 The seedlings are 30 to 35 days old and should be planted before September 15th. They can be harvested and put on the market from November to March of the following year. Winter sowing: Sow and raise seedlings from September 1st to 20th. The planting will be completed by the end of October and harvested from February to March of the following year.

Cabbage likes loose and fertile loam or sandy loam. It is not easy to obtain high yields in heavy clay soil cultivation. As a fertilizer-loving crop, cabbage has relatively high nutrient requirements from the seedling stage to before wrapping. The demand for phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is relatively small. After the core packing begins, the demand for phosphorus increases, followed by potassium, but it is the least. Because cabbage has relatively strong adaptability and stress resistance, is easy to cultivate, has high yield, and is resistant to transportation, it is one of the main vegetable varieties in spring, summer, autumn, and early winter.

2. The correct method of fertilizing cabbage

1. Base fertilizer

Organic fertilizers, such as human feces, pig manure, sheep manure, chicken and duck manure, etc. Chemical fertilizers include urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, compound fertilizers, etc. Although cabbage can absorb both ammonia nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, it grows better in nitrate solution, so cabbage is also a vegetable that likes nitrate nitrogen fertilizer. The accumulation of ammonium salts in the body is prone to ammonia poisoning. Appropriate fertilizer varieties should be selected according to the soil pH and cultivation form. Acidic soils should be fed with more alkaline fertilizers, alkaline soils should be fed with more acidic fertilizers, and less volatile nitrogen fertilizers should be fed in protected land cultivation to prevent ammonia from harming cabbage. Cabbage also absorbs a relatively large amount of calcium, so the application of calcium fertilizer should attract special attention.

For mid- to late-maturing varieties in autumn, the amount of base fertilizer should be about twice that of early-maturing varieties in spring. It is recommended to apply 6,000 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manure, 20 kilograms of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer, 50 kilograms of superphosphate, and 30 kilograms of potassium fertilizer per mu of land. Kilogram, top dressing should be carried out in 3 times. The amount of top dressing is about 25 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer and 25 kilograms of potassium fertilizer.

When deciding the amount of fertilizer to apply, local soil fertility and the fertilizer requirements of the cabbage variety should be considered. Be flexible and fertilize as needed.

How to apply base fertilizer:

Apply organic fertilizer together with cultivated land to fully mix the soil and fertilizer. This will not only help improve the soil, but also prevent excessive concentration of organic fertilizer. Inorganic fertilizers are best applied in furrows or holes, and should be covered with soil after application. This can not only reduce the volatilization and loss of nitrogen, but also reduce the contact surface between phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and the soil, thereby reducing the fixation of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the soil. Hole application or furrow application is generally carried out during planting.

In cabbage production, seedlings are transplanted. The seedling raising period takes 60 to 70 days to ensure that the seedlings grow 7 to 8 leaves. The nutrient absorption capacity of cabbage in the seedling stage is not high, but it is sensitive to fertilizer deficiency, especially nitrogen deficiency. Therefore, during the cultivation of cabbage seedlings, fertile bed soil should be prepared according to local conditions. The following methods can be used for seedling fertilization and seedbed soil configuration: Use fertile vegetable garden soil that has not been planted with cruciferous vegetables in the past 3 years and fully decomposed and screened organic fertilizer and mix it evenly in a ratio of 2:1. It is recommended that every square meter Add 1kg of three-element fertilizer. Spread the bed soil into the seedbed to a thickness of 10 to 12 cm, and sow the seeds after disinfection.

2. Top dressing

The key period for cabbage top dressing is the rosette stage. The protected land in the north is cultivated in early spring, and the rosettes are fertilized with top dressing. Due to the high temperature and poor ventilation in the greenhouse, it is necessary to prevent excessive nitrogen fertilizer from causing damage to the plants or loss of nitrogen. Delay cultivation in autumn, as there is less rain in the north and the soil has good fertilizer retention. Top dressing can be carried out in 3 times.

The first time is slow seedling fertilizer, which can be carried out 7 to 10 days after planting. The amount of top dressing is small, and it should be mainly fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer to facilitate the growth of rosette leaves, strengthen assimilation, and improve heart rate. The rate of leaf differentiation.

The second time is rosette fertilizer, which should be combined with watering and top-dressing of available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizers or biogas slurry and chemical fertilizers should be applied alternately at intervals. The amount of top dressing should be large, accounting for about 55% of the total top dressing.

Because this is the period of maximum efficiency of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrients can reach or approach the peak of absorption. Pay attention to the coordinated use of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements, so that both It can reduce the concentration of useless ions and facilitate the absorption of calcium. The yield-increasing effect is the most significant.

The third top dressing is in the middle stage of ball formation, which can ensure firm ball formation and increase yield. At this time, fast-acting nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are mainly used, and a small amount of phosphorus fertilizer is added. No more chasing after the late stage of balling

Under normal circumstances, it only takes 50 to 80 days from planting to harvest for early-maturing spring cabbage. Mulch film and small shed cover cultivation are often used, which is suitable for poor soil fertility or fertility retention. If the soil is poor, you can also apply foliar fertilizer (urea + potassium dihydrogen phosphate) 1 to 2 times in the middle and late stages of balling to make up for the lack of nutrient supply, ensure the firmness of the balls, prevent premature aging and increase yields. For mid- to late-maturing cabbage varieties, the rosette leaves are relatively developed and prone to leggy growth, so the third top dressing should be placed in the early stages of balling.

It should be noted that no matter what season or cultivation method it is, watering should be done in time after top dressing to accelerate the dissolution of chemical fertilizers, promote the absorption of nutrients by cabbage, and give full play to the role of fertilizers. At the same time, it is also necessary to prevent the total salt ion concentration in the soil from being too high and affecting the absorption of calcium. In order to ensure the quality and safety of cabbage products and avoid the waste of chemical fertilizers, it is prohibited to apply inorganic nitrogen fertilizers in the first 20 days of harvest.