The pod borer [Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke)], also known as pod borer, bean borer, belongs to Lepidoptera, stem borer family. China's north and south are distributed throughout the country, and the southern occurrence of the most serious damage. Bean pod borer is an important pod-boring pest of bean crops, damaging soybeans, mung beans, kidney beans, red beans and peas.
The symptoms
Larvae enter the pods, eat the grains and can turn the pods for damage. The pods are shriveled at the beginning of the pod stage, and at the bulging stage, the grains are often moth-eaten or eaten up, and the infested pods are filled with worm droppings, resulting in mold and mildew, which seriously affects the yield and quality (Color Edition IX, 52).
Morphological characteristics of the adult insect body length of 10 to 12 mm, wingspan of 20 to 24 mm, body gray-brown. The anterior margin of the forewing has 1 white longitudinal band from the basal angle to the tip of the wing, and 1 golden yellow transverse band near 1/3 of the wing base. Eggs are oval, with a densely reticulated surface. The last instar larvae are 14-18 mm long, purplish red, greenish green on the ventral surface and both sides of the thorax, with a black "human"-shaped stripe in the center of the dorsal plate of the prothorax, a black spot on each side, and two small black spots in the center of the posterior margin. The pupa is fusiform, about 10 millimeters long.
Occurrence characteristics
Shandong, Shaanxi, Liaoning 2-3 generations a year, Hebei 3-4 generations, Henan 4 generations, the Yangtze River Basin 4-5 generations, Guangdong, Guangxi 7-8 generations. Everywhere in the final instar larvae in the bean field and the soil around the sun field overwintering. Adults come out day and night. The eggs are laid singly between the pod hairs of young pods. After hatching, the larvae make a cocoon in the middle of the pods, which infests the pods and dives into the grains to feed on them. 2 to 5-year-old larvae have the habit of turning the pods into pests. The second to fifth instar larvae have the habit of infesting the pods. There are silk cocoons at the holes where the pods are infested, but there are no silk cocoons at the holes where the pods are removed. After the last instar larvae are removed from the pods, they dive into the soil at a depth of 5-6 centimeters to pupate in cocoons.
Prevention methods
(1) Crop rotation. Crop rotation with non-leguminous crops is reasonable, or field irrigation in winter and spring to eliminate pod removal larvae.
(2) Choose insect-resistant and productive varieties. Early maturity, short podding period, pods less hairy or hairless varieties, insect pests occur lightly.
(3) Post-harvest treatment. Timely collection and transportation, in the sun field centralized treatment of larvae.
(4) Pharmaceutical control. Spray the pods during the adult season or the beginning of egg hatching to kill adults and hatching larvae. You can use 90% trichlorfon crystal, 40% oxolinic acid, 50% parathion (1605), 50% fenthion, 50% fenitrothion, or 2.5% deltamethrin (kill) emulsion 1000 to 1500 times liquid spray.
(5) biological control. The use of red-eye wasps, white fungus and other control.