Gaogang 1783
Outline of Jiangsu Higher Education Self-study Examination
03042 Chinese medicine process
Editor of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (20 19)
Jiangsu province higher education self-study exam Committee office
First, the nature of the course and its purpose and requirements
(A) the nature and characteristics of the course
Processing of traditional Chinese medicine is a pharmaceutical technology based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, according to the nature of medicinal materials and the different requirements of dispensing, preparation and clinical application. Processing of traditional Chinese medicine is a subject that specializes in the theory, technology, specifications, quality standards, historical evolution and development direction of processing of traditional Chinese medicine. Its task is to inherit the traditional Chinese medicine processing technology and theory, apply modern science and technology to study and sort out, gradually understand the processing principle, improve the processing technology, formulate quality standards, improve the quality of decoction pieces and improve the clinical treatment effect of Chinese medicine.
Processing of traditional Chinese medicine is a specialized course in the discipline of traditional Chinese medicine, which is studied after studying the basic course of traditional Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, prescription science, medicinal botany, pharmacology, analytical chemistry and traditional Chinese medicine chemistry. Through the teaching of this course, students should master the basic theory and skills of Chinese medicine processing, and can improve them by using modern scientific methods.
(B) the basic requirements of this course
Through the study of this course, you should meet the following requirements:
1. Be able to use the theory of Chinese medicine to explain the principle of processing, clarify the role of processing in clinical treatment, and master the basic theory of processing. To understand the influence of processing on the main components and properties of drugs;
2. Master all kinds of traditional processing methods and techniques, as well as the quality specifications of Pharmacopoeia processed products;
3. Familiar with the general determination method of drug changes before and after processing;
4. Understand the processed works of past dynasties, and be able to apply modern scientific methods on the basis of traditional Chinese medicine theory, and initially engage in processing and sorting research;
5. Be able to identify various processed products of commonly used traditional Chinese medicines.
(C) the link between this course and related courses
The prerequisite courses of this course are Chinese Medicine Foundation, Chinese Medicine, Prescription, Medicinal Botany, Pharmacology, Analytical Chemistry and Chinese Medicine Chemistry. Among them, the chemistry of traditional Chinese medicine introduces the structure and properties of various chemical components in traditional Chinese medicine, and pharmacology introduces various principles of drug treatment. These two courses can help us to understand the purpose of Chinese medicine processing and its influence on the physical and chemical properties of drugs, and better grasp the basic theory of processing.
Second, the course content and assessment objectives
The first chapter is introduction.
course content
This chapter mainly introduces the concepts of Chinese medicine processing and Chinese medicine processing science, the task of Chinese medicine processing science and its relationship with other disciplines; Master the development of processing in different historical periods, understand the processing works of past dynasties, the achievements of this discipline since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the present situation, existing problems and development trends of teaching, scientific research and production; The traditional processing theory guiding the processing of specific varieties is systematically introduced. Current laws and regulations on the processing of traditional Chinese medicine.
(B) the purpose and requirements of learning
Understand the essence, task, basic theory and current laws and regulations of Chinese medicine processing and Chinese medicine processing science, and clarify the origin, development overview, development direction, scientific research content and ways of Chinese medicine processing science.
(3) assessment knowledge points and assessment requirements
1. Understanding: the development of processing in various historical periods; Works made in past dynasties.
2. Familiarity: the processing of traditional Chinese medicine and its meaning, the monographs of traditional Chinese medicine processing in past dynasties and its characteristics; Basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine processing.
3. Master: the basic concepts of traditional Chinese medicine processing and traditional Chinese medicine processing; Regulations on the processing of traditional Chinese medicine.
Chapter II Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Efficacy
course content
This chapter mainly explains the law of clinical medication of traditional Chinese medicine, and makes the taste of medicine adapt to the needs of syndrome differentiation and flexible medication through processing; It also shows that the drug itself has many properties or strong properties, and it can meet the requirements of safety and effectiveness through processing. This paper introduces the influence of processing on four qi and five flavors, ups and downs and meridian tropism.
(B) the purpose and requirements of learning
Understand the relationship between the processing of traditional Chinese medicine and the medicinal properties of traditional Chinese medicine, understand that processing is a means, and follow the law of medication, so as to play its due curative effect.
(3) assessment knowledge points and assessment requirements
1. Understanding: the correlation between processing and clinical efficacy; Effect of processing on preparation.
2. Familiarity: the influence of processing on the curative effect of prescription.
3. Mastering: the influence of processing on the four flavors, ups and downs and meridian tropism of drugs.
Chapter III The purpose of processing traditional Chinese medicine and its influence on medicine.
course content
This chapter explains the purpose of processing traditional Chinese medicine from the aspects of reducing the toxic and side effects of drugs, changing or alleviating the medicinal properties of drugs, enhancing the curative effect, and facilitating adjustment and preparation. Influence of traditional Chinese medicine on chemical constituents of various traditional Chinese medicines.
(B) the purpose and requirements of learning
Master the purpose of processing traditional Chinese medicine, and make clear the influence of processing on the physical and chemical properties of drugs.
(3) assessment knowledge points and assessment requirements
1. Understanding: Effects of processing on tannins, organic acids and oils.
2. Familiarity: the main purpose of processing traditional Chinese medicine; Effect of processing on drugs containing resin and sugar.
3. Master: the influence of processing on alkaloids, glycosides, volatile oil and inorganic components.
Chapter IV Processing Classification and Accessories of Traditional Chinese Medicine
course content
This chapter mainly introduces three classifications, five classifications, medicinal parts classification, the combination of technology and accessories and other processing classification methods; Familiar with the sources, quality requirements, components, properties and processing functions of various excipients, and compare their advantages and disadvantages.
(B) the purpose and requirements of learning
Clarify the classification method of traditional Chinese medicine processing; To master the function and general dosage of common excipients in the processing of traditional Chinese medicine.
(3) assessment knowledge points and assessment requirements
1. Familiar with the sources, nicknames, quality requirements, ingredients, properties and processing functions of processing auxiliary materials such as wine, vinegar, salt water, honey, ginger, licorice and alum.
2. Main: various processing classifications; Drugs that are usually processed with various excipients.
Chapter V Quality Control, Storage and Maintenance of Chinese Herbal Pieces
course content
This chapter mainly introduces the quality standard, quality control process, methods and new technologies of Chinese herbal pieces from the aspects of characters, identification, inspection, extract and content determination. This paper introduces the storage methods of different processed products, new technologies and methods in drug storage, so as to adopt more effective storage methods for different processed products.
(B) the purpose and requirements of learning
Clarifying the specifications and quality of processed products obviously affects the clinical efficacy. Storage has a close influence on the curative effect of drugs, so it must be preserved in an appropriate way.
(3) assessment knowledge points and assessment requirements
1. Understanding: Modern quality control technology of Chinese herbal pieces.
2. Familiar with: storage and preservation methods of processed products and quality control of Chinese herbal pieces.
3. Master: the quality requirements of Chinese herbal pieces, the variation phenomenon in the storage of processed products, and the factors affecting the variation.
Chapter VI Production and Management of Chinese Herbal Pieces (No Examination Requirements)
Chapter VII Research on Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No Examination Requirements)
Chapter VIII Network System
course content
This chapter mainly introduces the significance, various operation methods, key points and equipment of cleaning system.
(B) the purpose and requirements of learning
Make clear the purpose and significance of network selection, and master various operation methods of network selection.
(3) assessment knowledge points and assessment requirements
1. Understanding: the importance of network system.
2. Familiarity: the method of removing impurities by drugs.
3. Mastering: separating and removing representative drugs from non-medicinal parts such as roots, stems, skins and nuclei.
Chapter 9 dicing
course content
This chapter mainly introduces the definition and development history of decoction pieces, focusing on the use, principle, types, softening point, drying method and packaging of decoction pieces. This paper briefly introduces the progress of infiltration cutting machinery and equipment, the reform of infiltration process, the working principle of washing, cutting and drying machinery and matters needing attention. The influence of bad factors on the quality of decoction pieces.
(B) the purpose and requirements of learning
Make clear the purpose of slicing, the general method of softening medicinal materials before slicing and the characteristics of less soaking and more moistening. Familiar with the key points of softening, cutting and drying of decoction pieces, and understand the working principle and operation method of cutting machinery.
(3) assessment knowledge points and assessment requirements
1. Understanding: the development history of decoction pieces and the reform of soaking technology, the working principle of washing and drying machinery, and the packaging of decoction pieces.
2. Familiar with: water treatment methods and application scope before slicing. Adverse factors affecting the quality of decoction pieces.
3. Master: the types and selection principles of decoction pieces; Drying temperature of decoction pieces.
Chapter 10 Frying Method
course content
The meanings, purposes, requirements, operation methods, precautions, finished product specifications and processing functions of various frying methods such as yellow frying, coke frying, charcoal frying, chaff frying, rice frying, soil frying, sand frying and clam powder frying.
Stir-fried: Sophora japonica, morning glory, mustard seed, Ziziphus jujuba seed, Fructus Xanthii, Semen Vaccariae and Semen Cassiae.
Stir-fried Gardenia, Crataegus pinnatifida, Toosendan Fructus and Arecae Semen.
Stir-fried charcoal: dried ginger, Sanguisorba officinalis, Pollen Typhae and Mume Fructus
Fried with bran: Fructus Aurantii, Rhizoma Atractylodis, Bombyx Batryticatus and Coicis Semen.
Fried rice: Mylabris and Codonopsis pilosula
Stir-fried: Atractylodis Rhizoma Dioscoreae.
Stir-fried in sand: Semen Strychni, Carapax et Plastrum Testudinis, Rhizoma Drynariae, and Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli.
Fried clam powder: Ejiao
(B) the purpose and requirements of learning
Familiar with the meaning of frying and various auxiliary materials, master its operation method, matters needing attention, finished product standard and processing function.
(3) assessment knowledge points and assessment requirements
1. Understanding: Research progress in processing Flos Sophorae Immaturus, Fructus Gardeniae, Rhizoma Atractylodis, Semen Strychni, Colla Corii Asini, Petunia, Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, Fructus Crataegi, Fructus Toosendan, Sanguisorba officinalis, Pollen Typhae, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Mylabris, Atractylodis Rhizoma and Rhizoma Dioscoreae.
2. Familiar with the processing methods of morning glory, mustard seed, Ziziphus Spinosae seed, Fructus Xanthii, Semen Vaccariae, Semen Cassiae, Fructus Crataegi, Fructus Toosendan, Areca catechu, Sanguisorba officinalis, Pollen Typhae, Mume Fructus, Fructus Aurantii, Bombyx Batryticatus, Coicis Semen, Mylabris, Radix Codonopsis, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Carapax et Plastrum Testudinis, and Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli.
3. Master: the definition of speculation; The purpose of cooking and the purpose of adding auxiliary materials; Processing method and efficacy of Flos Sophorae Immaturus, Fructus Gardeniae, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Rhizoma Atractylodis, Semen Strychni and Colla Corii Asini.
Chapter XI Combustion Method
course content
This paper introduces the significance, purpose, requirements, operation methods, matters needing attention, selection and dosage of auxiliary materials, finished product specifications and processing functions of various baking methods, such as wine baking, vinegar baking, salt baking, ginger baking, honey baking and oil baking.
Roasted with wine: Coptidis Rhizoma, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Radix Paeoniae Alba.
Vinegar-baked: Bupleurum, Rhizoma Corydalis, Olibanum, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, Rhizoma Cyperi, Rhizoma Curcumae, Rhizoma Sparganii, Phytolacca acinosa and Daphne genkwa.
Salinization: Cortex Phellodendri, Cortex Eucommiae, Semen Plantaginis, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Radix Morindae Officinalis and Fructus Psoraleae.
Ginger: Magnolia officinalis and bamboo shavings.
Honey baked: Radix Astragali, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Herba Ephedrae, Cortex Mori, Radix Stemonae, and Bulbus Lilii.
Fried: Epimedium
(B) the purpose and requirements of learning
Understand the definitions of various baking methods and clarify their processing purposes. Master its operation method, matters needing attention, processing function, finished product specification, auxiliary material selection and general dosage.
(3) assessment knowledge points and assessment requirements
1. Understanding: Research progress in processing Coptidis Rhizoma, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Bupleuri, Rhizoma Corydalis, Cortex Phellodendri, Radix Astragali, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Herba Ephedrae, etc.
2. Familiar with the processing methods and functions of Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Olibanum, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, Rhizoma Cyperi, Rhizoma Curcumae, Rhizoma Sparganii, Radix Phytolaccae, Flos Genkwa, Cortex Eucommiae, Semen Plantaginis, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Radix Morindae Officinalis, Fructus Psoraleae, Cortex Mori, Radix Stemonae, Lily and Herba Epimedii.
3. Master the meaning, purpose, operation method, matters needing attention, the selection and dosage of auxiliary materials, the specifications of finished products and the processing functions of wine roasting, vinegar roasting, salt roasting, ginger roasting, honey roasting and oil roasting. Processing methods and functions of Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Bupleuri, Rhizoma Corydalis, Cortex Phellodendri, Cortex Magnolia Officinalis, Radix Astragali, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Herba Ephedrae, etc.
Chapter XII Calcination Method
course content
The meaning, purpose, characteristics, operation points, matters needing attention, the difference between open calcination method and closed calcination method, the selection and dosage of calcination and quenching auxiliary materials, finished product specifications and processing functions of the three calcination methods.
Calcination: Alum, gypsum, oyster, keel, actinolite.
Calcination quenching: native copper, ochre, calamine, magnet.
Fumigation: carbonized blood, palm
(B) the purpose and requirements of learning
Understand the meaning and characteristics of various calcination methods, clarify the purpose of calcination and the difference between open calcination method and closed calcination method. Master the operation points, finished product specifications and matters needing attention of various calcination methods.
(3) assessment knowledge points and assessment requirements
1. Understanding: Research progress in the processing of alum, calamine and native copper.
2. Familiar with: processing methods and precautions of gypsum, keel, oyster, actinolite, magnet, ochre, sea lily, palm, etc., finished product specifications and processing functions; Selection and dosage of auxiliary materials for calcination and quenching, finished product specifications and processing functions.
3. Master: the meaning, purpose, characteristics, operation points and matters needing attention of three calcination methods: open-air calcination, calcination quenching and dry distillation calcination, the difference between open-air calcination and dry distillation calcination, and the processing methods, functions and matters needing attention of alum, calamine and pyrite.
Chapter XIII Steaming, Boiling and Steaming
course content
The meaning, purpose, requirements, operation methods and precautions of steaming, boiling and steaming, the selection and dosage of auxiliary materials, the specifications and processing functions of finished products.
Steaming method: Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Rehmannia glutinosa, Polygonatum sibiricum, Ginseng Radix, Ligustrum lucidum and Schisandra chinensis.
Cooking method: Radix Aconiti, Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii, Radix Aconiti Lateralis, Fructus Evodiae and Garcinia.
Methods: Bitter almond and white lentil.
(B) the purpose and requirements of learning
Understand the meaning and purpose of steaming, boiling and steaming. Master processing methods, finished product specifications and matters needing attention.
(3) assessment knowledge points and assessment requirements
1. Understand the processing methods and functions of Polygonatum, Ginseng, Ligustrum lucidum, Schisandra chinensis, Radix Aconiti, Radix Polygalae, Evodia rutaecarpa, Garcinia cambogia, etc.
2. Familiarity: the meaning, purpose, requirements, operation methods and precautions of steaming, boiling and steaming, the selection and dosage of auxiliary materials, the specifications and processing functions of finished products.
3. Master the processing methods, functions and principles of Polygonum Multiflori Radix, Scutellariae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix, Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii, Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata and Almond.
Chapter XIV Replication Methods
course content
The significance, purpose, operation method and matters needing attention of copying method, the selection and dosage of auxiliary materials, the specifications and processing functions of finished products.
Pinellia ternata, Rhizoma Arisaematis and Rhizoma Typhonii
(B) the purpose and requirements of learning
Familiar with the meaning of replication, clear the purpose and clinical application of replication. Master the copy method, finished product specifications and matters needing attention.
(3) assessment knowledge points and assessment requirements
1. Understanding: Research progress in processing Rhizoma Arisaematis and Rhizoma Pinelliae, processing methods and effects of Rhizoma Typhonii.
2. Familiarity: the meaning, purpose, operation method and matters needing attention of copying method, the selection and dosage of auxiliary materials, the specifications and processing functions of finished products.
3. Master the processing method, processing function and matters needing attention of Rhizoma Arisaematis and Rhizoma Pinelliae.
Chapter 15 Fermentation and Germination Methods
course content
Significance, purpose, function and dosage of auxiliary materials for germination and fermentation. This paper mainly introduces the conditions, finished product specifications and clinical application of germination method and fermentation method.
Massa Medicata Fermentata, Pinellia Fermentata, Red Rice, Malt and Rice Bud.
(B) the purpose and requirements of learning
Familiar with the meaning of germination method and fermentation method, and make clear the processing purpose and clinical application. Master preparation conditions, methods, finished product specifications and matters needing attention.
(3) assessment knowledge points and assessment requirements
1. Understanding: Processing methods and functions of Pinellia starter, red yeast and rice bud.
2. Familiarity: the significance, purpose, function and dosage of auxiliary materials of germination method and fermentation method.
3. Master: conditions of germination and fermentation, specifications of finished products and clinical application. Processing methods, processing functions and matters needing attention of medicated leaven and malt.
Chapter XVI Other Legislative Methods
course content
The meaning, purpose, operation method and matters needing attention, finished product specifications and processing functions of baking method, cooking method, cleaning method, water flying method, frosting method and dry distillation method.
Scolopendra, nutmeg, radix aucklandiae, mirabilite, cinnabar, realgar, croton, watermelon frost, arsenic trioxide, cornu Cervi Degelatinatum and bamboo juice.
(B) the purpose and requirements of learning
Understand the meaning of baking method, simmering method, cleaning method, water flying method, frosting method and dry distillation method. Familiar with machining function; Master processing methods, operation points, finished product specifications and precautions.
(3) assessment knowledge points and assessment requirements
1. Understanding: Research progress in processing centipede, nutmeg, cinnabar, mirabilite and croton.
2. Familiarity: processing methods and effects of centipede, nutmeg, radix aucklandiae, mirabilite, cinnabar, realgar, croton, watermelon frost, arsenic trioxide, cornu Cervi degelatinatum and bamboo juice.
3. Master the meaning, purpose, operation method and matters needing attention of processing methods such as baking method, stewing method, cleaning method, water flying method, frosting method and dry distillation method.
Chapter XVII Overview of Processing Technology of Local Traditional Chinese Medicine (no examination requirements)
III. Relevant explanations and implementation requirements
(A) on the "course content and assessment objectives" in the relevant statements.
In the assessment requirements of the syllabus, three levels of ability are put forward: understanding, familiarity and mastery. There is a progressive hierarchical relationship between the two, and the latter must be based on the former. They mean:
1. Understanding: Candidates are required to remember the main contents of relevant knowledge points specified in this course, understand and understand the connotation and extension of relevant knowledge points specified in this course, understand the main points of their contents and the differences between them, and make correct explanations and explanations according to different requirements of assessment.
2. Familiarity: Knowledge points in the course that candidates should be familiar with. For example, the processing methods of some drugs, a simple answer.
3. Mastery: Important knowledge points that candidates are required to master in the course. Such as the meaning, purpose and operation method of a treatment method.
(2) Self-study teaching materials
The textbook used in this course is: Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2nd Edition, edited by Tulin Lu and Jinchuanshan, China Medical Science and Technology Press, 2065438+August 2008.
(C) the guidance of self-study methods
As a specialized course, this course contains a lot of contents. Candidates should pay attention to the following points in the process of self-study:
1. Before studying, read the first part of the syllabus carefully, understand the nature and tasks of the course, and be familiar with the basic requirements of the course and the connection between this course and related courses, so that future study can closely focus on the basic requirements of the course.
2. Before reading a chapter, carefully read the assessment knowledge points, self-study requirements and assessment requirements of the chapter in the outline, and pay attention to the ability level requirements of each knowledge point, so that you can know fairly well when reading the textbook.
3. When reading the textbook, you should read carefully paragraph by paragraph, scrutinize sentence by sentence, concentrate on thoroughly understanding every knowledge point, have a deep understanding of basic concepts, and be firm in basic principles. If you encounter individual details in reading, you can put them on hold temporarily, which will not affect your continued study.
(d) Requirements for social assistance
1. You should be familiar with the general requirements of the examination syllabus for the course and the knowledge points of each chapter.
2. To master the level required by each knowledge point and deeply understand the assessment requirements of each knowledge point.
3. When tutoring candidates, it is necessary to take the prescribed teaching materials and examination syllabus as the basis, and do not add or delete contents at will to avoid being out of touch with the examination syllabus.
4. During counseling, we should give guidance to the candidates' learning methods and encourage them to "read the textbooks carefully, study the textbooks assiduously, take the initiative to ask questions and study by themselves".
5. When tutoring, we should pay attention to the foundation, highlight the key points, help candidates to establish the overall concept of the course content, and give priority to enlightening and guiding the questions raised by self-taught candidates.
6. Pay attention to the cultivation of candidates' ability, especially the cultivation of self-study ability, guide self-taught candidates to learn to learn independently step by step, and be good at asking questions, analyzing problems, making judgments and solving problems in the process.
7. Let candidates understand that the difficulty and ability level of the test questions are not the same thing. Each ability level has different difficulty questions.
(5) Provisions on proposition and examination
1. In the assessment requirements mentioned in each chapter of this syllabus, all details are the contents of the examination, and the questions cover all chapters, and the key chapters are appropriately highlighted to increase the coverage density of key contents.
2. The proportion of test papers to questions with different ability levels is roughly: "understanding" 20%, "familiarity" 40% and "mastery" 40%.
3. The difficulty of the test questions can be divided into four grades: easy, easy, difficult and difficult, and the proportion of these four grades in each test paper is about 2.3.3.2.
4. The possible types of test papers in this course are: multiple-choice questions, error-correcting questions, fill-in-the-blank questions, noun explanations, short-answer questions and essay questions (see appendix).
5. The examination method is a closed-book written examination, and the examination time is 150 minutes. The score is 100%, and 60 is a pass.
Appendix question example
I. Multiple choice questions
For example, the auxiliary material used in the preparation of mirabilite by purification method is ()
A. radish B. vinegar C. wine D. salt water
Second, correct the wrong questions
For example, washing with water is a method of spraying or pouring Chinese herbal medicines with clear water.
Third, fill in the blanks
For example, to process ginger charcoal, it is necessary to fry dried ginger slices until the surface is black and the inside is black.
Four. Noun interpretation
For example, the existence of fried charcoal
Verb (abbreviation of verb) short answer questions
For example, briefly describe the influence of processing on drugs containing alkaloids.
Sixth, the essay questions
For example, please describe the processing method, function and principle of bitter almond.
If you have any questions about the self-taught/senior high school entrance examination, don't know the contents of the test sites and the local policies of the self-taught/senior high school entrance examination, click on Mr. official website at the bottom to get the personal education promotion plan for free: /xl/