Teaching design for Lesson 19 Three Yuan Operas

◎Writing summary

Double-tonal Changong Opera laments the world

Connect with history and do draw inferences.

This poem connects historical figures to express one’s own historical and political views. The author brings people into familiar history and makes inferences with the finishing touch. By denying historical events and historical figures, he expressed his disgust towards realistic politicians who cannot tell the merits and demerits of right and wrong. This was a technique commonly used by many literati when the feudal dynasty was in decline.

Nanlu Four Pieces of Jade Farewell

The language is as simple as words.

Sanqu has the characteristics of "street order", and the language is simple and plain. When Guan Hanqing wrote Sanqu, he did not make it elegant, but maintained its true character. This Sanqu is an example. The language of this poem is natural and simple, but it is also melodious, full of poetry and painting, and has a long lasting charm when read.

Banshe Diao sent out whistles all over the place to return home to the great ancestor

1. The concept is novel, full of laughter and scolding

Although the work is a sanqu, it adopts the form of opera to describe Liu Bang's return to his hometown through the eyes of a villager who is familiar with Liu Bang's details. It seems to mock the villagers. Ignorance, "having eyes but not seeing Mount Tai" is actually choosing a unique angle to show disrespect for the emperor. The smug and arrogant Liu Bang and his grand homecoming ceremony showing off his majesty all became comical and absurd through the eyes of the villagers, losing the sanctity and solemnity of the feudal emperor. This idea is novel, ingenious and original. The author uses the words of the villagers to laugh and curse at the feudal emperors, making the work full of comedy.

2． Narrative and lyricism are perfectly combined.

During the narrative process, the strong emotions of the villagers are permeated between the lines, and the direction and method of the narrative are also controlled by emotions. For example, after the villagers recognized Liu San, they angrily revealed his background. In addition, the author was extremely disgusted with the villagers' flattery, extravagant ceremony and Liu Bang's style, and the narrative tone was full of ridicule and contempt.

　◎Exquisite writing method

The wonderful fragments are the flesh and blood of the film

Whether it is good or not often depends on whether the fragment is well written. A good article is often composed of several wonderful fragments. These fragments are groups of shots taken from life. Because the fragments come from life, from unique experiences and feelings, they are written with flesh and blood, vivid and touching.

If you want to write a long composition well, you must first work hard to write a good fragment. Fragment writing is not only a training in basic skills of written expression, but also an accumulation of writing materials. Fragment exercises are not limited by content and are close to the reality of life; they are not restricted by themes or length, and are the most flexible way to practice writing.

So, how do we practice writing snippets?

First, pay careful attention to the things around you. We all have an impression of things that happen to us or around us, but because we don’t pay enough attention to observation, we often write them vaguely. Therefore, we must develop the good habit of observing carefully and feeling carefully.

Second, you can write instantly and develop a good habit of writing a diary. You can record what just happened in time to avoid forgetting it. Record in time, many details will not be missed, and it will be the most realistic. Many excellent writers have written a large number of diaries, which not only honed their writing skills, but also accumulated a large amount of writing materials.

The third is to try to recall and reasonably speculate on the situation at that time. If time passes and the impression becomes blurry, then reasonable supplements should be made based on reason. For example, Lu Xun was already middle-aged when he wrote "Morning Blossoms Plucked at Dusk", but when he wrote fragments of his childhood life, he relied entirely on memories and speculations. " and other fragments are written vividly.

The fourth is to mobilize multiple senses to feel the event, and describe the event from the perspectives of vision (seeing), hearing (hearing), touch and smell (feeling), and psychology (thinking). , which can enhance the sense of presence.

The fifth is to grasp the details and develop detailed descriptions. Detailed description is also the most important technique in fragment writing.

When writing about animals, you can write about shapes and habits; when writing about things, you can write about shape, color, sound, and taste; when writing about scenery, you can write about static and dynamic things; when writing about characters, you can write about appearance, clothing, behavior, expression, and posture. , write about language, write about psychological activities; when writing about environment, you can write about scenery and scenes; when writing about expression, you can describe it head-on or sideways. Detailed descriptions should strive to be both physical and spiritual, vivid and vivid, giving people the feeling of seeing the person, hearing their voice, and being immersed in the scene. If you want to be able to use these description methods flexibly, you must practice writing frequently and "acquire" this ability through practice.

Sixth, we must be good at learning from others and constantly improve our appreciation ability. The process of writing is inseparable from reference. "Stones from other mountains can attack jade." Any good writer is a person who is good at learning the strengths of others. Learn through practice and improve through reference. When teachers train composition, they often ask us to imitate certain paragraphs, which means that we can learn from some good techniques.

Fragment link——

Eighteen families live in the eighteen houses on the first floor and the bottom, and they are bustling and lively. Each house, which is more than ten square meters, must be divided into two rooms, one large and one small. Once the wooden cabinets for the bed are placed, they take up most of the space. The remaining space must be filled with TVs, refrigerators, tables and stools, pots and pans. The remaining space can only accommodate two legs and two legs. One nostril was blown out.

There is a very narrow kitchen upstairs and downstairs, which is full of four or five kitchen stoves. Some kitchen stoves are abandoned or broken and cannot be used. They still take up space. Some people put debris there. It was placed on top, and the usable ones were snatched away by the people who were transferred first. Singles eat in the canteen and don't need to cook; those who have just started a family cook in a small room; those with children, the small room is occupied by a small bed, so they have to put a desk in the doorway corridor against the outer wall, and then put an oil stove. With a small water tank, you can "live and work in peace and contentment".

——"The School's "Cave Dwelling""

Comments: This excerpt is based on memories of the scene at that time, and describes the narrowness and crowding of the old building in terms of space and furnishings.

Snippet link——

The meal was ready, and there were a few good drinkers who put their respective dishes on the same table, and then chipped in to cut up some roasted pig ears. For example, if you buy a bottle of Jiangjin Baigan, two or three families will gather together to "beat your teeth". There happened to be a round stone table in the courtyard. It was not big enough to hold vegetable bowls, but not big enough to hold rice bowls. So they stood, sat, and walked around, holding a bowl in one hand and chopsticks in the other. They were busy with about a dozen pairs of chopsticks. No one was polite, and soon there was only a little oil soup left. The drinker grabbed a few pickled cowpeas from the pickle jar and continued to drink Baigan until he was dizzy. When he blew the cow, his voice was louder than usual, which added to his boldness.

——"The School's "Cave Dwelling""

Comment: This excerpt describes the "dining party" scene of the residents of the old building, showing the teachers having fun in the midst of hardship.

◎Confirmation of famous works

Please cite any exciting fragments among the "Four Great Classics".

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Reference example:

I saw a daughter-in-law standing there with a box, and a maid came up to take it off. The lid of the box contains two bowls of vegetables. Li Wan brought a bowl and placed it on Jia Mu's table. Sister Feng chose a bowl of pigeon eggs and placed them on Grandma Liu's table. When Jia Mu said "please", Grandma Liu stood up and said loudly: "Old Liu, Old Liu, he eats as much as a cow. He can eat an old sow without raising his head." But she puffed up her cheeks and remained silent. Everyone was stunned at first, and then when they heard it, they burst out laughing. Shi Xiangyun couldn't hold it on anymore and spit out a mouthful of rice; Lin Daiyu broke out laughing and leaned on the table to cry; Baoyu had already rolled into Jia Mu's arms, and Jia Mu hugged Baoyu with a smile and called her "heart"; Mrs. Wang laughed so hard Pointing at Sister Feng, she was speechless; Aunt Xue couldn't hold it in anymore, and the tea in her mouth sprayed all over Tanchun's skirt; Tanchun's rice bowl was folded on Yingchun; Xichun left her seat and pulled her wet nurse It's called rubbing the intestines.

Everyone on the ground was bending down, some were hiding out and squatting to laugh, and some were holding back their laughter and came up to change clothes for their sisters. Only Sister Feng and the two men were holding on, and they just let Grandma Liu do it.

(Chapter 40 of "Dream of Red Mansions")

◎Micro-writing training

Please pick up the wonderful pen, grasp the details, and write about a certain aspect in your life. Describe the scene in detail. (About 150 words)

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Reference examples:

1. Come and see a flower bloom! The unknown flower lived in the small garden at the door. Because it deliberately poked its head out of the iron gate, I had to pay more attention to it. For a long time, it was just a green bud, wrapped in a thick layer of green leaves, which looked painful and difficult. I really wanted to help it peel off the thick green "shell" many times. Fortunately, I didn't. I finally had the opportunity to see the flower in full bloom. It really began to relax leaf by leaf. The most amazing thing was the stamens inside. They were tightly bundled together and trembling slightly bit by bit. , suddenly, with a "pop" sound, a stamen popped open, just like this, breaking free from a kind of bondage, full of mature confidence and beauty, just like this, one after another... The whole process is about It was an hour or two that I completely forgot about, but the shock and joy were unforgettable. God, if she were allowed to be free early in the morning, the process of peacefully dispersing and falling off would be so sad! It turns out that the brilliance and splendor of life come from such self-breakthroughs!

2． The four ceiling fans in the classroom, which have not been used for several months, have been turned to the maximum setting and started to whir. At first glance, it sounded like several small fighter jets circling back and forth overhead, and the teacher's lecture voice had not had time to be heard. As soon as it entered the ears, it was already caught in the propeller-like wind blades and was then carried to the sky above the classroom, floating above our heads, but refused to sink. The wind blades are covered with dust, which is as black as the black mud under fingernails. It is obvious but they always forget to clean it. The dust jumped from high places under the rapid rotation of the wind blades, danced in the air against the backdrop of the sun, and then hid in corners invisible to the naked eye. The smell of dust began to permeate the classroom. Together with the smell of sweat, people can't help but think of the smell when the bayberries that fell to the ground in the bayberry forest in midsummer start to go moldy. The male students all looked like they were coming out of a steamer, with steam still rising from their heads. As soon as big beads of sweat oozed out, they were evaporated into invisible gas by the hot temperature on their crimson cheeks, and floated around the classroom. . The Coke was opened, and with a "squeak" sound, a wisp of white smoke came out of the mouth of the bottle, and the white foam rolled and rushed into the throat of the classmate. The heat immediately dissipated, and the temperature slowly cooled down. He covered his face with the hand that had just held the iced Coke. It was as if a hot iron had been thrown into the cold water. His palms suddenly felt hot, and the blush on his face was gradually dissipating. The sound of the fighter jets above began to become softer, and the voice of the teacher's lecture finally fell from the air and slowly penetrated into the ears.

　 ◎In-class materials

The return of Liu Bang, the founder of the Han Dynasty, to his hometown in glory has always been a story that has always been talked about by literati, but Sui Jingchen chose an interesting perspective to make all the scenes It is seen through the eyes of the country bumpkin as the viewer, and Liu Bang's pretentious face is outlined in a humorous and mocking tone. Liu Bang was not some kind of dragon or the son of the Red Emperor, but a man from a peasant family like them. He was also a gangster who drank too much and stole and extorted money. All solemn and sacred coats were stripped off, and the emperor who ruled the world was restored to the rogue Liu San.

[Application angle] "Frankness", "Packaging", "Truth", etc.

◎Excellent use

Xiang Yu and Liu Bang

Xiang Yu should He is truly heroic.

Since he was young, he led eight thousand troops to start a rebellion from Jiangdong. In the end, he was besieged by the soldiers and committed suicide. There was not a single moment in his short life where he was not killed heartily and heartily, even those who were desperate in the end. The defeat also left Qingshi with a splendor and tragedy that shocked the world and made people cry. It's a short-lived flower, just hope it blooms happily.

Xiang Yu is simple, so simple that his eyes can’t even tolerate him. At this point, he is more like a child. He is too clear-cut between black and white, good and evil, and does not understand the principle of being like light and dust. Just like this, he actually felt guilty about his biggest enemy, and he was so flattered that he lost his mind after being praised by a few words. His defeat should be destined by himself. But precisely because of this, Xiang Yu leaves us with a more vivid impression than Liu Bang.

On the other hand, Liu Bang was by no means a true gentleman. Regardless of the few words of defense that are accompanied by falsehood and reality, regardless of the fact that "Yun Sheng said I" is a cover-up, but based on those few sentences of "what to do about it" and the change of title from "Jun" to "Gong", You can see clearly this cunning fox. Liu Bang can never afford the reputation of a true hero, but he can certainly afford the reputation of a true tycoon. He listens to the suggestions of his subordinates and can implement them consistently, instead of being capricious and indecisive like Xiang Yu. What's even more valuable is that Liu Bang is proficient in adapting to circumstances. This ensures that he will never be at a disadvantage whether he is winning over people's hearts or confronting his enemies in battle. His prosperity can be said to be the result of his ultimate transformation along the way.

A banquet in Hongmen changed the balance of history. It was not without warning. Xiang Yu and Liu Bang's respective paths of conquering the world came to an inflection point at the Hongmen Banquet. It was also because of this inflection point that the Han Dynasty continued to flourish for hundreds of years, and there was an eternal masterpiece in the rustling wind on the edge of the Wujiang River:

Power The mountains are lifted by the overwhelming energy, and the times are unfavorable and the glory will not fade away. There is nothing you can do if your glory is not gone, but there is nothing you can do if you are worried.