Let's learn about the symptoms of tetrodotoxin poisoning, and learn about the main characteristics and prevention points of tetrodotoxin.
First, the symptoms of tetrodotoxin poisoning
Toxins can stimulate intestinal tract locally, and act on nerve endings and nerve centers quickly after absorption, blocking sodium ion channels on nerve excitation membranes with high selectivity and high affinity, hindering nerve conduction, thus causing nerve paralysis and death.
The toxicity of tetrodotoxin is 1250 times higher than cyanide, and 0.5 mg can kill people.
The incubation period of tetrodotoxin poisoning is very short, as short as 10 ~ 30 minutes, as long as 3 ~ 6 hours, and the onset is urgent. If the rescue is not timely, the patient will die within 10 minutes at the earliest and 4 ~ 6 hours at the latest.
Second, the main characteristics of tetrodotoxin
Tetrodotoxin is stable to heat, and can only be completely destroyed if it is treated at 100℃ for 24 hours or 120℃ for 20 ~ 60 minutes.
China ancient books once recorded that puffer fish came from rivers and seas, which was poisonous and could kill people.
In the Fish Classic written by Huang Sheng in the Ming Dynasty, it is said that all cooks should abandon the son in the belly, the essence in the eyes and the blood in the spine.
All washing should be extremely clean, cooking should be extremely cooked, and handling should not be moderate. Unfamiliarity will be toxic to people.
This shows that tetrodotoxin is difficult to remove during cooking.
Three, prevention and treatment methods of tetrodotoxin poisoning
Tetrodotoxin poisoning generally takes comprehensive symptomatic treatment measures, such as early taking 1% copper sulfate 100 ml to induce vomiting.
Gastric lavage with 1:5000 potassium permanganate or 0.2% activated carbon suspension.
Intravenous injection of hypertonic or isotonic glucose solution promotes the excretion of toxins as soon as possible.
Keep breathing.
Detoxification, scopolamine drugs including atropine, scopolamine, anisodamine and other high-dose applications have a significant effect on the treatment of puffer fish poisoning.
Muscle paralysis patients can be paralyzed by intramuscular injection of 2ml of 1% strychnine hydrochloride and vitamins b2 and b6. Caffeine, kaempferol and sodium thiosulfate are also effective when injected intravenously with normal saline.
At the same time, symptomatic treatment measures such as fluid replacement can be taken.
Four. Poisoning Events Caused by Eating Rivers Eating puffer fish has a long history in China, Japan and other Asian countries, and has gradually formed a unique puffer fish diet culture.
Japan also treats the puffer fish banquet as a state banquet to entertain distinguished guests.
However, even if professional training is given to puffer fish chefs, the hotel will obtain the permission of the health department and implement franchising. If it is not handled properly, it will cause food poisoning and disability accidents, which will seriously threaten people's lives and safety.
According to statistics, in recent ten years, there have been 1258 cases of puffer fish poisoning in Japan alone, with 279 deaths.