Second: Rose

The genus Mentha (scientific name: Mentha), a genus of the family Labiatae, contains 25 species, of which Peppermint (Peppermint) and Spearmint (Spearmint) are the most commonly used varieties, and the different origins of the plant give Mentha more than six hundred varieties of names. It was first produced in the Mediterranean region of Europe and western Asia. Nowadays, the main places of origin are the United States, Spain, Italy, France, the United Kingdom, the Balkan Peninsula, etc. There are also some places in Asia, and most places in China, such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, etc. are produced. Mentha piperita is a perennial herb with a four-pronged stem and opposite leaves, red, white or lavender flowers, and a cool fragrance from the stem and leaves, which can be used as medicine or for food. Ming Li Shizhen, "Compendium of Materia Medica - Cao San - Mint": "Mentha piperita, people plant a lot of dill. Seedlings grow from the root in February, and are divided around the time of the Qingming Festival. The square stem is reddish in color, and its leaves are opposite, long and rounded at the beginning, and long is pointed. Wu, Yue, Sichuan, Lake people to replace tea ...... into medicine to Su production is better."

Morphological features

Mint (bò he) for the Labiatae (Labiatae) perennial rooted herbaceous plants of the genus Mentha (Mentha) above ground, is a special economic value of the aromatic crops. Also known as South Mint (Shandong), grass mint (Gansu part of the region), water mint (Yunnan), fish aromatic vegetables (Sichuan), dog meat incense (Guizhou), water mother, elder grass (Yunnan Kunming), earth mint, Rendancao, wild Rendancao, see swellings eliminated (Jiangsu), Su mint, tomato lotus dishes, in the whole of Guangxi Shitang Town, also known as the area of the "five spices! "

Morphology

Morphological features: perennial herb. Stem erect, 30-60 cm high, the lower several sections with slender fibrous roots and horizontal creeping rhizome, acute quadrangular, with four grooves, the upper part of the inverted puberulent, the lower part only along the rhombus on the pilose, multi-branched. Leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, 3-5(7) cm long, 0.8-3 cm wide, apex acute, lateral veins ca. 5-6 pairs. Verticillasters axillary, globose in outline, corolla lavender. Flowering period July-September, fruiting period October.

Origin: produced in the north and south of the country, born in the wet ground next to the water, the altitude can be as high as 3500m.

Geographical distribution

Earliest in the Mediterranean region of Europe and the west of Asia. Nowadays, it is mainly produced in the United States, Spain, Italy, France, Britain, the Balkan Peninsula, etc. It is also found in most parts of China, such as Yunnan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Jiangxi.

In China: widely distributed throughout China. China is one of the main exporters of peppermint oil and menthol.

In the world: widely distributed in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, a few seen in the southern hemisphere.

Species Classification

There are about 30 species of mint plants in the world; peppermint contains 25 species, most of which are perennials with fragrance, except for a few that are annuals. The current main source is the United States (e.g., American mint, strong clear mint), and the best mint comes from the United Kingdom (e.g., Scottish mint). The stems are about 90 centimeters long, the hairy leaves are serrated, and the flowers are terminal, with spikes of purple, white, and pink flowers. There are 12 species in China, and in the wild there are pepper mint, peppermint, European mint, lingonberry round-leaf mint and lip calyx mint.

Pepper mint: the flower spikes are purple, and the height of the plant is 30-90 centimeters. The leaf margins are y and sharply serrated, and the mint odor is obvious.

Apple mint: the whole plant is covered with downy hairs, the leaves are rounded and have the smell of apple, hence the name, the height of the plant is 60-90 centimeters.

Green mint: white flower spikes, light fragrance, leaf veins are obvious, plant height of 60-100 cm.

Pule mint: pink flower spikes, more sensitive to cold, plant height is 10-40 centimeters.

Pineapple mint: the leaves have pinkish-green spots, because of its beautiful appearance is often used as an ornamental, the height of the plant is 10-50 centimeters.

Lemon Perfume Mint: also known as the vanilla, plant height of 50-80 cm or so, for the perennial herb, very hardy and easy to plant, the flowers and leaves are used to make tea, has a relaxing mood to help sleep and promote digestion.

Grapefruit mint: large leaves with white fuzz. The odor is lighter than chocolate mint, with a refreshing scent.

Cultural Implications

There are over 500 varieties of peppermint, the best known of which are black peppermint and green peppermint, while others, such as apple mint, orange mint, and perfumed peppermint, are named after their distinctive aromas.

Peppermint is a hopeful plant, life is inevitable, there are many missed people or things, can meet again, the opportunity to meet, kiss and love each other is almost none, but the more there is no the more you miss, mint, although it is a kind of bland flowers, but its flavor refreshing, refreshing from every pore penetrate the skin, the body of every cell is permeable, it was a very happy feeling that will make those who It is a very happy feeling and will give a little comfort to those who have lost, so the mint's flower language is "I wish to meet you again" and "love me again". In addition, it also has a kind of flower language is "virtue", which represents all kinds of good human virtues ......

Mint is a representative of aromatic plants, there are many varieties, each of which has a cool fragrance. The flower colors are white, pink, pale purple, etc., low-profile and unobtrusive, making up the characteristic flower stems of the Labiatae family.

Medicinal name: Peppermint

Scientific name: Mentha canadensis L.

English name: : Peppermint.

Alias: : Mentha soba, Mentha aquatica, Mentha fischeri, Mentha humana, Mentha tomentosa, Mentha viridifolia, Mentha wildis, Mentha nocturna, Mentha southernis, Mentha aquatica, Mentha fischeri, Mentha doggiensis, Mentha wateryi, Mentha elderis, Mentha earthyi , Ren Dan Herb, Wild Rendang Herb, Sue Mint, Tomato Cabbage, Five Spices, etc.

Taste: Pungent, cool.

Orientation: Lung and liver meridians.

Effects: Dispersing wind-heat, clearing the head and eyes, inducing diaphoresis, clearing rashes, dispersing the liver and promoting circulation of Qi.

Indications: Expelling wind, dispersing heat, expelling filth, detoxifying, wind-heat, headache, sore throat, food stagnation and gas distension, mouth sores, toothache, scabies, addictive rashes, the first signs of warm diseases, itchy wind rashes, stagnation of liver and stagnation of qi, chest tightness and dystocia.

Use and dosage: Internal: decoction (should not be decocted for a long time), 0.8 ~ 2 Qian; or into pills, bulk.

External use: pounding juice or decoction to apply.

The main internal medicines include: Ren Dan, Ten Drops of Water, Huo Xiang Zheng Qi Shui, Cough Syrup, Antispasmodic and Analgesic Tincture, Oral Liquid of Gastroparesis, Throat Protecting Tablets, Lubricating Tablets, etc.;

The main external medicines include: Qingliang Oil, Safflower Oil, White Flower Oil, Rubus Oil, Prickly Prickly Wash, Itch Gel, Itch Water, Prickly Prickly Wash, Glycerine Powder, Glycerine Applied, Wuji Ointment, Piritin Ointment, Wound Wetness Relief Ointment, and Nasal Sniffing and Smell Relief, etc.;

Injections: Pounding juice or applying decoction, etc.

Injections mainly include: compound mint injection, compound lidocaine hydrochloride injection, etc.;

Mint - contraindications:

1, yin deficiency, blood dryness, liver yang hyperactivity, surface sweating is contraindicated.

2, toxic side effects mint brain, oil on mammals has a strong paralytic effect, if overdose will lead to respiratory paralysis and death. Therefore, the dosage used in medicines should not exceed the prescribed limit (except for medicinal purposes, generally no more than 2mg/kg body weight per person per day).

3, "medicinal properties of the theory": the new disease of the disease should not be eaten by people who are sick and sick, it will make people sweat more than false.

4, "Thousand Gold - food treatment": the movement of thirst disease.

5, "Ben Jing Feng Yuan": more service for a long time, it is cold; Yin deficiency fever, coughing and sweating do not apply.

6, "Materia Medica from the new": pungent gas, more service loss of lungs and sadness, the weak far.

Peppermint - Chinese medicine chemical composition: peppermint fresh leaves containing stains 1%-1.46%, the main component of the oil for the levo-menthol (menthol), the content of 62.3%-87.2%, but also contains levo-menthone (menthone) isomenthol ketone (isomenthone), hu-menthol (pulegone), decyl acetate (decyl acetate), ethyl acetate (acetate), ethyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl acetate and ethyl acetate, and so on. octanol (3-octanol), dextro-laurethylene (myrcene), limonene (limonene) and eucalyptus (cineole), α-terpineol (α-terpineol) and so on. Also contains flavonoids: iso-raifolin (iso-raifolin), luteolin-7-glucoside (luteolin-7-glucoside), mint isoflavone glycoside (methoside); organic acid components: rosemary acid (lusmarinic acid), caffeic acid (caffeic acid); chlorinated acid components: Aspartic acid (aspartic acid), glutamic acid (glutamic acid), serine (alanine), asparagine (asparagine), valine (valine), leucine (leuine) and isoleucine (isoleucine), phenylalanine (phenylalanine). methionine, lysine.

Recently, the anti-inflammatory effects of the leaves have been obtained in stages from a variety of components with dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene dihydroxy acid as the parent nucleus:

1) 1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-2,3 dihydroxy acid [1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydroxy -1,2-dihy-dronaphthalene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid],

② 1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-2-hydroxyacid {1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[2-(3,4-dihydrox- yphenyl)-1-carboxy]ethoxycarbonyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydron-aphthalene-2-carboxylic acid},

3) 7,8-dihydroxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1. 3-dicarboxylic acid [7,8-dihydroxy-2-(3,4-dihydrox-yphenyl)-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid],

④ 1-[2-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-hydroxy]ethoxycarbonyl-2-(3. 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7,8-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-3-hydroxy acid {1-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-car-boxy]ethoxycarbonyl-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7,8-dihydroxy-1,2- dihydronaphthalene-3-carboxylic acid}-7,8-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-3-carboxylic acid},

⑤ 3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-hydroxy]ethoxyhydroxy-2- (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7,8-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1-hydroxy acid {3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-carboxy]ethoxy-carbonyl-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7,8-dihydroxy-1,2- dihydron-aphthalene-1-carboxylic acid},

6 1,3-bis[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-hydroxy]ethoxycarbonyl-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7,8-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene{1,3-bis-[2-(3,4- dihydroxyphenyl)-1-carboxy]ethoxycarbonyl-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7,8-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene},

⑦ 1-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1 -methoxycarbonyl]ethoxycarbonyl-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-hydroxy]ethoxycarbonyl-7,8-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene{1-[2-(dihydroxyphenyl)-1-methoxycar-bonyl]ethoxycarbonyl-2- (3,4-dihydroxypheny)-3-[2-(3,4-dihy-droxyphenyl)-1-carboxy]ethoxycarbonyl-7,8-dihydroxy-1,2-dihy-dronaphthalene},

⑧ 1-[2-(3, 4 -dihydroxyphenyl)-1-hydroxy]ethoxycarbonyl-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-methoxycarbonyl]ethoxycarbonyl-7,8-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene{1-[2[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-carboxy] ethoxycarbonyl-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[2-(3,4-di-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methoxycarbonyl]ethoxycarbonyl-7,8dihydro-xy-1,2- dihydronaphthalene},

⑨ 1,3-bis[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7,8-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene{1,3-bis-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-methoxycarbonyl]ethoxy carbonyl-2- (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7,8-dihydroxy-1,2-di-hydronaphthalene}, dextrorotatory 8-, acyloxy-dill ayvone (8-acetoxy-carvotanacetone).

Peppermint - Chinese medicine pharmacology:

1, antiviral effect: peppermint decoction 1:20 concentration, on the virus ECHO11 strain has an inhibitory effect.

2, analgesic, antipruritic effect: menthol is mainly used as a topical antipruritic, weak local anesthesia and anti-irritant, coated locally due to the stimulation of the nerves and caused by the cool sensation, and inhibit the pain nerve.

3, anti-irritant, cough effect: the anti-irritant effect of menthol leads to new secretion of the trachea, so that the thick mucus can be easily discharged, so there is an expectorant effect, it has also been reported that menthol on guinea pigs and per capita has a good effect on cough.

4, bactericidal effect: menthol has a strong bactericidal effect, d-menthol than 1-menthol antibacterial effect is strong.

5, anti-incarceration, anti-early pregnancy effect: peppermint oil has a certain anti-incarceration and anti-early pregnancy effect on mice, the intensity of the effect increases with the dose, intraperitoneal injection of 0.035ml/only, anti-incarceration rate of 100%. The termination of pregnancy may be due to enhanced uterine contractions, and direct damage to the meconium tissue, etc., cannot be excluded. Intrauterine administration of peppermint oil not only caused necrosis of the ovules seen on the 6th day of the original pregnancy, but also caused them to be expelled from the body, with a significant difference compared to the olive oil group.

6. Choleretic effect: the acetone dry extract of peppermint and 50% methanol dry extract have choleretic effect, compared with the control group, the bile secretion are significantly increased. The choleretic effect of the acetone dry extract group containing more volatile oils is stronger than that of the 50% methanol dry extract group. It was proved that in addition to the strong choleretic effect of menthol, the main component of volatile oil, peppermint oil also contains other choleretic components. In addition, after acetylating the alcohol hydroxyl group of menthol, its choleretic effect was weakened, indicating that the alcohol hydroxyl group plays an important role in the production of choleretic effect.

Peppermint - Medicinal Preparations:

1. It is used for wind-heat colds and the beginning of warm diseases. It is used to treat wind-heat colds or the beginning of warm diseases, the evil is in the Wei division, with headache, fever, and slight wind-cold, often used with silver flower, forsythia, burdock, and thornbush, such as Yin Qiao San.

2. It is used for headache and sore throat. This product is light and floating, aromatic, good at evacuating wind-heat in the upper focus, clearing the head and eyes, and throat. Used to treat wind-heat attack, headache and eye red, more with mulberry leaves, chrysanthemum, bramble seeds, etc.; with the treatment of wind-heat congestion, sore throat, often with Platycodon grandiflorus, licorice, silkworms, thorn mustard, wind, etc..

3, used for measles impermeable, rubella itching. The quality of light and diffusive, with the evacuation of wind-heat, toxicity and penetration of rash, with the treatment of wind-heat bundle surface, measles impermeable, often with cicadas, thorns, burdock, comfrey, etc., such as penetration of rashes soup; the treatment of rubella itching, can be used with the bitter ginseng, white fresh skin, Fang Feng, etc., to take the effect of its expectorant and penetration of the rash and itching.

4, for liver stagnation, chest pain. This product also into the liver meridian, can ease the liver to relieve depression, often with Chai Hu, white peony, angelica and other liver regulating the menstrual products, the treatment of liver stagnation and stagnation of qi, chest and hypochondriac pain, menstrual disorders, such as the loose loose loose loose loose powder.

5, in addition, this product is aromatic, can also be used to treat summer feeling summer dampness and filth, caused by chagrin, abdominal pain and diarrhea, often with patchouli, pellitory, white lentils, and so on. Usage and dosage: decoction, 3 ~ 6g; appropriate after the next. The leaf is long for sweating, the stalk is partial to the qi.

Note: This product is aromatic, pungent and dispersing, sweating and exhausting, so it should not be used if you are weak and sweaty.

Peppermint - small prescription:

1, the treatment of bee stings and swelling mint fresh leaves paste the affected area, the immediate effect.

2, the treatment of water into the ear for pain mint juice drops, that is, healed.

Peppermint - clinical applications:

1, clearing phlegm, phlegm, cure wind fever: peppermint honey pills, such as gorgonian seeds, each holding a pill. White sugar and can also be. ("Simple single formula")

2, the treatment of eye strings red rot: mint, ginger juice to soak overnight, dried to the end, each with a penny, boiling soup bubble wash. ("bright eyes experience formula")

3, the treatment of scrofula into a block, pain, wear ulcers, pus and water, regardless of the distance: mint a bunch of such as a bowl large (dry), soap pods ten quite (a foot and two inches long, not moth, remove the black skin, coated with vinegar, roasted to burnt yellow). Pound, to wine a dendrobium, soaked by three nights, take out the exposure to dry, more soaked three nights, so take the wine for the degree of exhaustion, roasted, pounded Luo for the bulk of the burnt rice and pills, such as sycamore seeds big. Every time before food, with astragalus soup under twenty pills, children reduce by half to serve. ("Sheng Hui Fang" mint pill)

4, the treatment of wind itching: mint, cicadas, etc. is divided into the end, each warm wine to take a penny. ("Yong class Inscription Fang")

5, the treatment of bloody diarrhea: mint leaves decoction soup single. ("Pu Ji Fang")

6, the treatment of epistaxis: mint juice drops. Or boil it in dry water, wrap it in cotton and stuff it into the nose. (《This formula》)

7、To treat the stings of bees and insects: press the mint and paste it. (Monk "must be effective formula")

8, the treatment of fire parasitic sores such as moxibustion, fire poisonous gas into the inner, the two strands of the sores, the juice drenched: mint decoction frequently coated. ("Medicine")

9, the treatment of earache: fresh mint juice drops. ("Min Dong Materia Medica")

Wild rose scientific name prickly berry rose, alias prickly berry fruit, belongs to the Rosaceae, deciduous shrubs. Generally 1-2 meters high, branches glabrous, dark purple, branchlets often have pairs of thorns at the base of the petiole, thorns curved, stem large. Leaves pinnately compound, leaflets 5-7, rectangular-orbicular or long elliptic, 1.5-3.0 cm long, 0.8-1.5 cm wide, apices acute or slightly obtuse, stems broadly shaped, margins sharply serrate near the middle and above, glabrous above, grayish-green below, glaucous, pilose, and glandular, stipules leafy, attached to petiole, below margin and Stipules large, attached to petioles, glandular hairy below margins and on petioles. Flowers solitary or several clustered, deep red, ca. 4 cm in diam., pedicels glandular hairy, stigmas just protruding from receptacle mouth. Rosehips globose or ovoid, 1-1.5 cm in diam. The wild rose is usually found in open areas along forest edges, riverbanks, mountain slopes, shrubs and mixed woods. Each kilogram of fresh fruit contains 580 mg of vitamin C, is one of the main raw materials for the extraction of natural vitamin CCCC. In addition, it also contains glucose, fructose and other sugars, as well as citric acid, malic acid, quinine and other organic acids and a variety of pigments. Its flowers contain volatile oil 0.03%, with strong aroma, which is not only good for seasoning, but also a good medicine for treating liver and stomach gas pain, wind paralysis, vomiting and coughing blood, menstrual disorders, red and white leucorrhoea, breast pain, swelling and poison and other diseases. Wild rose flowers and trees not only have ornamental value, but also medicinal, edible and so on, is a kind of wide range of plants. 1985 March 28, the city people's Congress Standing Committee of the Ninth Session of the sixteen meeting to determine the wild rose for the city flower.