Beginning of spring, commonly known as "playing spring", is used to eating radish, ginger, onion and bread on this day, which is called "biting spring"; Beginning of spring still has its own food, mainly spring cakes, radishes and spiced plates. Spring rolls are very popular in the south.
In the old custom of rain in the north, people eat noodles, spring cakes, popcorn and so on. On this day. Different regions have different foods, but most of them are related to dragons. The name of general food is added with the title of "dragon", for example, jiaozi is called "dragon ear"; Eating noodles is called eating "dragon beard"; Eating rice is called "the son of the dragon"; Eating wonton is called eating longan.
"Rain Festival, going back to my parents' home" is a popular holiday custom in western Sichuan. At this time, the married daughter went home to visit her parents. A typical gift is called "canned meat", which is to stew pig's trotters, snowflake beans and kelp in a casserole, then seal the jar with red paper and red rope and give it to parents to show their gratitude and respect for their parenting.
Sting, in ancient times, people would smoke the four corners of the house with incense and wormwood.
When the solar term is dormant, it is warm and cold, and the climate is dry. Because pears quench thirst, people have the custom of eating pears when they are stung. In some areas of Shandong province, people burn pancakes in the yard on Easter day; In Shaanxi, some areas should eat fried beans after being stung; In Yanbei, Shanxi, farmers eat pears during hibernation, which means saying goodbye to pests.
Vernal equinox, an old folk custom of "eating spring vegetables at vernal equinox", is a kind of wild amaranth, also known as Artemisia annua. The custom of watching cattle and offering sacrifices to hundreds of birds is popular in Jiangnan area.
According to the custom of old Beijing, in order to avoid evil spirits and pray, the spring equinox will roll on the donkey. Donkey rolls have an unusual origin. Just looking at its processing materials, including rhubarb rice flour, soybeans, red bean paste, white sugar, sesame oil, osmanthus fragrans, green shredded pork and melon seeds, is enough to meet the requirements of diversified ingredients in the nutritional dietary guidelines. Its production is divided into three steps: blank making, stuffing mixing and molding. Cooked "snowballing usury" is wrapped in bean powder, golden yellow, sweet bean flavor, soft entrance and unique flavor. It is a delicious food for all ages.
The custom of eating green zongzi in Qingming, Tomb-Sweeping Day and Jiangnan. Green jiaozi is made of a wild plant called "Pulp Wheat Straw" which is mashed and squeezed out. Then, take this juice, knead it with dry glutinous rice flour, and wrap it in jiaozi. There is a dietary custom of eating prickly heat (called cooler in ancient times) all over the north and south.
Because of the combination of Cold Food Festival and Tomb-Sweeping Day, some places still keep the habit of eating cold food in Tomb-Sweeping Day. In Shandong, Jimo eats eggs and cakes; Laiyang, Zhaoyuan and Long Island eat eggs and cool sorghum rice.
Grain Rain, for fishermen, Grain Rain Festival is a folk custom of offering sacrifices to the sea. According to the custom of picking tea in southern Grain Rain, it is said that drinking tea on this day in Grain Rain can clear fire and ward off evil spirits and improve eyesight. So no matter what the weather is in Grain Rain, people will go to Chashan to pick some new tea.
There is a custom of eating Toona sinensis in northern Grain Rain. Toona sinensis trees germinated before and after Grain Rain. At this time, Toona sinensis was mellow and refreshing, with high nutritional value. It is said that the Toona sinensis before the rain is as tender as silk. Toona sinensis has been eaten for more than a thousand years, and it has spread all over the country in the Han Dynasty, which can be enjoyed by dignitaries and civil servants.
In the old countryside in the long summer, five-color beans such as red beans, soybeans, black beans, mung beans and mung beans were mixed with white japonica rice and cooked into "five-color rice", which later evolved into glutinous rice cooked with Japanese bean meat and amaranth yellow croaker soup, and was called "long summer rice".
Eggs cooked with black tea or walnut shells are called "long summer eggs" and are fed to each other. Weave egg covers with colored thread and hang them on children's chests or curtains. Generally, children play the game of eating eggs and beating eggs, all of which rely on long summer eggs as a way of playing, and they win by beating the eggshell firmly but not broken. As the saying goes, "there is an egg on the chest in the long summer, and the child can't be in the summer." There is also a five-color silk rope for children, which is called "Long Summer Rope".
Zhou Shu Xiaoman: Xiaoman's bitter vegetable show. Bitter vegetables are one of the earliest edible wild vegetables in China. Compendium of Materia Medica: Long-term service, peace of mind and nourishing qi, intellectual fit and anti-aging. In medicine, the small bitter herb with a stem is used to treat fever, and the ancients used it to sober up.
People in Ningxia like to cook bitter vegetables, which are cold and mixed with salt, vinegar, spicy oil or garlic paste, and eat steamed bread and rice, which greatly increases people's appetite. Yellow rice soup can also be used to pickle bitter herbs into yellow, which tastes sour and sweet, crisp and refreshing. Some people also boil bitter herbs with boiling water and squeeze out bitter juice, which is used to make soup, make stuffing, stir-fry and cook noodles, each with its own flavor.
Miscanthus refers to the maturity of crops such as wheat. The custom of worshipping the god of flowers in mango festival. There is a custom of boiling plums in mango season, which has existed since the Xia Dynasty. Plums can be cooked in many ways. Simply boil it with sugar or mix it with dried plums evenly, and let the plum juice leach out. It is also useful to cook them with salt or to mix them evenly with dried plums to leach the plum juice. More elegant is to add perilla to it.
Plums produced in northern China are very famous. Sour plum soup is the best summer product when it is cooked with licorice, hawthorn and rock sugar.
Summer solstice, "winter solstice jiaozi summer solstice noodles", delicious Beijingers pay attention to eating noodles on the summer solstice, and the sunshine is the longest on the summer solstice, so Shaoxing, China has the slang of "have fun, have fun on the summer solstice". In the old society, people, rich or poor, sacrificed their ancestors in summer, commonly known as "going to the summer solstice."
In addition to the regular offerings, a plate of Pussy cakes was specially added. At that time, after the summer harvest, new wheat was listed. Because of the custom of eating noodles on that day, there is a proverb of "winter solstice and summer solstice wonton noodles". There are also people who make wheat paste, that is, they mix wheat paste and wheat flour, spread them out to make pancakes and bake them, and taste something new.
In the hot summer, there used to be a folk custom of "eating new rice", that is, after the hot summer, farmers ground the newly cut rice into rice, cooked a meal for the gods and ancestors to worship, and then everyone tasted new wine. It is said that "eating new things" means "eating new things", which is the first new day after the summer heat. In general, cities buy a small amount of new rice to cook in old rice, plus newly listed vegetables. Therefore, there is a folk saying that millet is eaten in summer and grain is eaten in summer.
In hot summer, China people have the custom of drinking tea, drying ginger, burning incense and drinking mutton soup.
The twenty-four solar terms say, "It's a hot summer, in the middle of June. Summer, summer, size, small at the beginning of the month, big in the month, and it is still hot. " Its climatic characteristics are: "Dou refers to C as a great summer heat, and the weather in Sri Lanka is much stronger than a small summer heat, hence the name.
Many places in Guangdong have the custom of eating fairy grass at high temperature in summer. Xiancao, also known as Xiancao and Xiancao, is an important medicinal and edible plant resource, and is called Xiancao because of its magical summer-heat relieving effect. After drying the stems and leaves, it can be made into fairy grass, which is called bean jelly in Guangdong and is a summer dessert. In northern China, the custom of eating noodles, jiaozi, eggs, etc. It is very popular in hot summer.
In early autumn, there is a folk custom to predict the hot and cold weather in early autumn. There is a folk proverb: long summer sowing eggplant, beginning of autumn eat eggplant. Early autumn is a good time to eat eggplant. Beginning of autumn put melons, steamed preserved eggplant, fragrant glutinous soup, etc. I hung them in the yard all night the day before and ate them in early autumn.
After a painful summer, people tend to lose a little weight. With the autumn wind, my appetite is wide open. I want to eat something good and supplement some nutrition to make up for the loss in summer. Northerners call it "sticking autumn fertilizer".
The custom of boiling herbal tea in midsummer has been popular since the Tang Dynasty. In summer, every household has the habit of frying herbal tea. Go to the pharmacy to make a prescription first, and then cook tea at home, that is, eat some "bitterness" in autumn; In addition, another food that old Fuzhou eats in midsummer is white meatballs; The traditional dietary custom of Nanjing people is to eat ducks in summer.
Ducks, especially those in the cooked area of Jiangning Lake in Nanjing, are the most popular. It is reported that the ducks there are sweet and cool, fat and thin. If there is no time, the old Nanjing people will go to the deli to buy half a duck to go home; People who have time will stew "radish duck pot" at home or make "braised duck pieces" for their neighbors. This is the old saying, send ducks in summer, and no one gets sick.
There is a custom of brewing white deer rice wine in Bailu, southern Jiangsu and old Nanjing, Zhejiang. In the old days, Millennium went to the countryside in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, where every family made wine to entertain guests, and some people often brought Millennium rice wine into the city.
Hunan Bailu has the custom of drinking rice wine. Every year in Bailuyuan Festival, every household treats guests with Bailuyuan rice wine, which is called "local wine", sweet and moist, and is most suitable for autumn. Bailu wine takes glutinous rice, sorghum and other grains as raw materials and is slightly sweet, so it is called "Bailu rice wine".
Fuzhou people have a long-standing custom of eating longan in egrets, and they think longan is very complementary. Suzhou will eat some pomegranates, ginkgo, pears and so on. Nourishing yin and moistening lung; I will eat some eels, too. At this time, eels are the fattest and the best time to taste. Therefore, there is a saying in Suzhou that "egrets and eels first frost crabs"; Folk Bailuyuan believes that eating sweet potatoes all year round and eating sweet potatoes after shredded sweet potatoes can prevent stomach acid, so it is a custom for farmers to eat sweet potatoes at Bailuyuan Festival in the old days.
Autumn in Lingnan area. On the autumn equinox, the whole village used to pick autumn vegetables, a kind of wild amaranth. Picked autumn vegetables are generally "rolled soup" with fish fillets, which is called "autumn soup". In Nanjing, it is popular to eat "osmanthus duck", use ordinary salted duck and season with osmanthus.
Cold dew is near the Double Ninth Festival, and chrysanthemums are in full bloom. In order to get rid of autumn dryness, some areas have the custom of drinking "chrysanthemum wine". Another big custom of cold dew is eating crabs. Ancient poetry day: "September ball navel October tip, holding claws and drinking chrysanthemums."
There is also a folk proverb of "nine women and ten men". Crab is a first-class precious aquatic product with tender meat and delicious taste. "beginning of autumn walnut with white dew pear and cold dew persimmon with red skin." Soft persimmons will not mature until autumn, so Hanlu people also have the habit of eating persimmons.
On the day of the first frost, many areas in China have the custom of eating persimmons. In the eyes of local people, it can not only keep out the cold and keep warm, but also strengthen bones and muscles. This is a good first frost food. There are also many customs in the first frost, and there are first frost festivals in Yunnan and Guangxi. Zhuang people pay attention to eating glutinous rice balls, killing ducks, offering sacrifices to ancestors and singing songs to celebrate the harvest.
Chrysanthemums are in full bloom at the first frost. At this time, people will hold a chrysanthemum party to express their love and reverence for chrysanthemums.
Beginning of winter, commonly known as "wintering" in central Fujian, means "wintering" in beginning of winter. In Chaoshan area of Fujian, beginning of winter eats sugar cane and fried fragrant rice. In Shantou, people eat fragrant rice made of lotus seeds, mushrooms, chestnuts, shrimps and carrots in early winter. These are warm foods. In the north, the custom in early winter is to eat jiaozi, because jiaozi looks like ears. People think that if you eat them, your ears will not get cold in winter.
Xiaoxue, there is a folk custom of "pickling in winter and keeping it for the winter". After the light snow, the temperature plummeted and the weather became dry, which was a good time to process bacon. After the light snow festival, some farmers began to make sausages and bacon and waited until the Spring Festival to enjoy the delicious food. In northern China, most people eat mutton hotpot in light snow season. In some places in the south, there is also the custom of eating Bazin in October of the lunar calendar.
Heavy snow, as the saying goes, "light snow pickles, heavy snow bacon." In the old days, in some places in Nanjing, every household began to prepare bacon, which was called "salty goods".
Add star anise, cinnamon, pepper, sugar, etc. Put it in a pot of big salt and stir fry. After the fried salt and pepper are completely cooled, smear them on the inside and outside of fish, meat and light poultry, and knead them repeatedly until the color of the meat turns from fresh to dark and the surface oozes liquid. Then put the meat and the remaining salt into the jar, press it with stones and put it in a cool and backlit place. Take it out after half a month and add water to boil the marinade.
Skim off the floating foam, put the dried poultry meat into a jar, layer by layer, pour in the brine, then press it on a big stone, take it out ten days later, and hang it under the eaves of the rising sun to dry (Qiu Bingjun: the twenty-four solar terms of China people).
As for the northern nationalities, it is already quite cold at this time. For example, there is a saying in Baotou that "light snow kills pigs and heavy snow kills sheep". It's time to kill pigs and prepare for the new year's goods when the snow season is coming. At this time, no matter who kills livestock, relatives and friends will come to help, and the owner will prepare food, wine and side dishes for dinner. Therefore, the light snow and heavy snow season is the time for family and friends to catch up with each other.
The winter solstice is considered a big festival. There is a saying that the winter solstice is as big as a year, and there is a custom to celebrate it. The northern region has the custom of slaughtering sheep and eating jiaozi and wonton on the winter solstice, while the southern region has the custom of eating glutinous rice balls and long noodles on the winter solstice.
The winter solstice in Suzhou and Wu was left over from the legislation of the Zhou Dynasty. The night of the winter solstice is the end of the year, so the winter solstice is the New Year. Suzhou people have many eating habits during the winter solstice, such as "reunion dinner" with elegant names, such as egg dumplings, bean sprouts, vermicelli, gold chains, fish and so on.
Eating dumplings on the winter solstice, also known as the "Winter Solstice Group", is particularly popular in Jiangnan. According to historical records, this custom existed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the past, Shanghainese paid the most attention to eating glutinous rice balls. "Round" means "complete" and "reunion", which symbolizes family harmony and good luck.
Slight cold, every time it comes to the slight cold solar term, eating Laba porridge is an important folk custom in the "slight cold" solar term in diet. The Chronicle of Yanjing records: "Laba porridge is cooked with yellow rice, white rice, glutinous rice, millet, water chestnut, red cowpea and peeled jujube paste. And dyed with red peach kernels, almonds, melon seeds, peanuts, hazelnuts, pine nuts, white sugar, brown sugar and Soso grapes. " After catching a cold, Laba porridge is also eaten on Laba Festival, and then the annual flavor is getting stronger and stronger.
There are many customs in the cold solar terms, such as glutinous rice, laba porridge, rice and soybean sprouts. According to "Miscellanies of Jinmen", there was a custom of eating soybean sprouts in Tianjin in the old days. Soybean sprouts are a specialty of Tianjin, which are made of cabbage buds. After the winter solstice, cut off the stems and leaves of the cabbage, leaving only the heart of the cabbage, about two inches from the ground, covered with fertilizer, airtight, and eaten after half a month. Crispy and tender.
Han people have different dietary customs, such as eating "cold cakes" in old Beijing, glutinous rice in Guangdong, chicken soup in Nanjing and fried spring rolls in Anhui. In the cold season, people are busy removing old decorations, pickling new year's dishes and preparing new year's goods, because the Spring Festival, the most important festival for China people, is coming. During this period, northerners have a very important day-Laba, which is the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month.
On this day, people cook a pot of sweet and delicious Laba porridge with cereals, peanuts, chestnuts, red dates and lotus seeds, which is an indispensable staple food for people during the Chinese New Year.