Protein accounts for 50% of the body's dry weight, except water, protein accounts for the highest proportion in the body.
What is high quality protein protein is composed of amino acids, which play a role in the human body in the form of amino acids. The arrangement and combination of different amino acids constitute different tissues and organs of human body, such as skin, hair, heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney.
Amino acids are divided into essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids. Essential amino acids are amino acids that the human body cannot synthesize by itself and must be obtained from external food. There are nine essential amino acids. Non-essential amino acids are amino acids that can be synthesized by the human body itself and do not need to be obtained from external food. There are a dozen.
According to the types, quantities and proportions of essential amino acids, we divide protein into complete protein and incomplete protein. Protein contains nine kinds of essential amino acids, which are called complete protein and high-quality protein, and the rest are incomplete protein or non-high-quality protein.
How cancer patients supplement protein cancer cells have the characteristics of infinite growth and disorderly proliferation. Once they get enough nutrition, they may grow faster than normal cells. So we often hear that cancer patients can't eat high-protein food.
The body of cancer patients also needs protein to maintain normal life activities, so protein intake of cancer patients should follow the following two principles:
1. Not too much: Cancer patients don't need to eat too much protein, but the quality of protein is the most important. That is to say, protein ingested by cancer patients can meet the needs of the body, so don't eat too much. At the same time, the intake of protein should be mainly high-quality protein.
It is suggested that the proportion of high-quality protein in the total protein intake of ordinary people in protein is 30-50%, and the proportion of high-quality protein in cancer patients can reach more than 50%, so that the body can make full use of it and will not cause problems such as increased metabolites due to excessive intake, so as to reduce the metabolic burden of the body.
2. Don't eat too much at a time: follow the principle of small amount and multiple meals, and don't eat too much at a time to reduce the metabolic pressure of the body. The daily requirement is based on 1g- 1.5g/kg body weight.
The food source of high-quality protein and high-quality protein mainly come from animal food, such as meat, poultry, eggs, fish, milk and so on. However, cancer patients are not suitable for eating more animal foods, and they can choose more plant foods.
High-quality plant foods from protein include bean products, coarse grains, fungi and algae, nuts and so on. You can choose more foods from these plants in your diet.
Protein was discovered in 1838 by the Dutch scientist Gerpark Jung Sumuder. He observed that living things could not exist without protein. The English word for Protein is protein, which comes from the Greek word proteios, meaning "first priority". Protein is mainly composed of amino acids, and various types of protein are formed due to different combinations and arrangements of amino acids. Protein in human body accounts for 54% of the dry weight of human body. At present, more than 20,000 species have been discovered and named. The growth, development, movement, heredity, reproduction and all other life activities of the human body are inseparable from protein.
There are more than 20 kinds of amino acids that make up protein. Amino acids that cannot be synthesized in vivo but must be ingested from external food are called "essential amino acids", including methionine, lysine, tryptophan, threonine, valine, phenylalanine, leucine and isoleucine. Amino acids that can be synthesized by themselves in the body are called "nonessential amino acids". People usually call protein, which contains a lot of essential amino acids, "high-quality protein".
Foods with high quality and high protein content are: 1. Milk, such as milk, goat's milk, horse's milk, etc. 2. Livestock meat, such as cattle, sheep and pork; 3. Poultry meat, such as chicken, duck, goose and ostrich; 4. Eggs, such as eggs and duck eggs; 5. Fish and shrimp; 6. beans; 7. Dried fruits, such as sesame seeds, melon seeds, walnuts, almonds and pine nuts. Protein in the above-mentioned foods needed by human body can be divided into two categories: animal protein and plant protein.
How should cancer patients supplement protein?
Many cancer patients with radiotherapy and chemotherapy or advanced patients have poor appetite, eat less and are picky eaters, and some patients seem to regard porridge as their daily staple food. This is absolutely impossible. Porridge is mainly carbohydrate, which not only empties quickly, but also runs out of energy quickly. Protein and fat are needed for energy supply at this time. If there is no external food supply, the body's own fat and protein will be consumed, and patients will become thinner. Therefore, cancer patients need to supplement high-quality protein, especially animal proteins such as fish, meat, eggs and milk.
Intake in protein: The Reference Intake of Dietary Nutrients for Residents in China recommends 65438+ for adults aged 08-50, 65g for protein and 55g for protein. Malignant tumor patients still need more because of tumor consumption, and they need to consume 1-2 grams per kilogram of body weight every day. A 60kg cancer patient needs to consume 60- 120g protein, mainly high-quality protein food.
Protein cooking methods should pay attention to avoid protein food cooking time is too long, the temperature is too high, especially frying, roasting, frying and other methods will make protein more vulnerable, generally using steaming, boiling, soup and other methods.
What cancer patients need more is balanced nutrition. Besides high-quality protein supplements, they also need vitamins and trace elements, so they should supplement vegetables and fruits in their diet. Patients with loss of appetite should try to eat fewer meals and change the pattern of dishes. The protein powder on the market is mostly from protein, which can't replace three meals a day. For patients with malignant tumors, the overall nutritional value of "protein powder" is not as good as that of enteral nutrition solution or enteral nutrition powder.
Protein is the material basis of life, accounting for 16%~20% of human body weight, and it is an important part of all cells and tissues in human body. All important components of an organism need protein's participation. The daily intake of protein for normal people is recommended by the Nutrition Society of China as 0.8- 1.0g per kilogram of body weight per day. For example, a person weighing 60 kilograms needs to consume 48-60 grams of protein every day. Protein needed by human body is mainly taken from food.
What foods are rich in protein? There are mainly two kinds of protein, namely animal protein and plant protein. Milk, livestock meat, poultry meat, eggs, fish, shrimp and other foods contain more animal protein; Soybean, green beans, black beans and other dried fruits such as sesame, melon seeds, walnuts, almonds, pine nuts, peanuts and so on contain more plant protein. Protein is also found in staple foods such as rice, wheat and corn.
What are the high-quality protein? Let's take a look at what a quality protein is. Protein model is close to human protein model, which is beneficial to human digestion and absorption, rich in essential amino acids and high in absorption rate and utilization rate.
The recognized high-quality protein is milk, meat, fish and soybean protein. According to the dietary guidelines for China residents, if we eat 1 ounce of meat, 1 ounce of eggs, 1 ounce of fish, half an ounce of soybeans and 300 grams of milk on average every day, we can ensure the quantity of high-quality protein that our body needs. Of course, the above recommended amount is based on the average weight of ordinary adults. For overweight or obese people, the intake of protein should be appropriately increased. In addition, teenagers in the growth and development period should also appropriately increase the intake of protein.
For meat, fish and other fresh foods, it is best to use cooking methods such as steaming, boiling and stewing, which can not only improve the digestion and absorption rate, but also kill the microorganisms it may contain. Cooking methods such as frying, frying and baking. Although the cooked food is delicious, it is easy to denature protein or fat and produce harmful substances, that is, lose nutrition, which is harmful to the body if eaten for a long time.
How should cancer patients supplement protein? Some cancer patients are worried that eating too much will provide more nutrition for cancer cells and help them grow, so they deliberately starve and want to starve cancer cells to death. This is unscientific. Cancer is a wasting disease and needs more nutrition. Protein can be properly supplemented, which is beneficial to health. If you don't pay attention to reasonable nutrition, it will lead to low immunity, which is easy to cause emotion and even fatigue.
Cancer patients should choose protein according to the specific situation of lack of protein. If the shortage of protein is serious, they need to go to the hospital and supplement it by injecting protein nutrient solution. If the shortage of protein is not serious, you can take it from food and eat more lean meat, milk, fish, soybeans, protein and other foods.
I'm Dr. Huang Zhiyan, and I'm committed to explaining complicated and difficult disease knowledge in plain language to help you manage your body well. Your praise is my greatest motivation! In addition, if your family is also worried about supplementing protein, please forward this article to them!